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Delay-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Cooperative and Competitive Environments

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arxiv 2005.05441 v2 pith:HGEZ57Z5 submitted 2020-05-11 cs.LG cs.MAstat.ML

classification cs.LGcs.MAstat.ML
keywords multi-agentdelay-awarelearningreinforcementagentscooperativedelayssystems
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Action and observation delays exist prevalently in the real-world cyber-physical systems which may pose challenges in reinforcement learning design. It is particularly an arduous task when handling multi-agent systems where the delay of one agent could spread to other agents. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes a novel framework to deal with delays as well as the non-stationary training issue of multi-agent tasks with model-free deep reinforcement learning. We formally define the Delay-Aware Markov Game that incorporates the delays of all agents in the environment. To solve Delay-Aware Markov Games, we apply centralized training and decentralized execution that allows agents to use extra information to ease the non-stationarity issue of the multi-agent systems during training, without the need of a centralized controller during execution. Experiments are conducted in multi-agent particle environments including cooperative communication, cooperative navigation, and competitive experiments. We also test the proposed algorithm in traffic scenarios that require coordination of all autonomous vehicles to show the practical value of delay-awareness. Results show that the proposed delay-aware multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm greatly alleviates the performance degradation introduced by delay. Codes and demo videos are available at: https://github.com/baimingc/delay-aware-MARL.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Structural Equivalence and Learning Dynamics in Delayed MARL

    cs.LG 2026-05 accept novelty 8.0 of 10

    Observation and action delays are formally equivalent in cooperative Dec-POMDPs, yielding identical optimal solutions and enabling zero-shot transfer, though learning dynamics differ due to credit assignment and opera...

  2. Prudent-Banker: No Extra Fees for Baseline Safety in Adversarial Bandits With and Without Delays

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Prudent-Banker achieves pseudo-regret Õ(√T + √D) and Õ(1) regret vs. safe comparator in adversarial bandits both with and without delays, matching new lower bounds up to logs.

  3. Delayed Repression and Emergent Instability in Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems

    cs.MA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Institutional delays trigger instability in multi-agent systems through delayed repression, with simulations identifying reactivity to lagged signals as the destabilizing factor rather than learning.

  4. Timing the Message: Language-Based Notifications for Time-Critical Assistive Settings

    cs.RO 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Modeling both message delivery duration and human reaction delay in a reinforcement-learning notifier improves simulated task success rates from about 22-28% to 93-97%.

  5. Scaling up Energy-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Mission-Oriented Drone Networks with Individual Reward

    cs.NI 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    Energy-aware MARL with individual rewards for drone networks shows better robustness to larger environments and more agents than shared-reward baselines in simulations, reaching at least 80% success rate.

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