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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning?

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 22 of 22 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.10509.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.10509 v1

Coverage vector

measured 22 of 22 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.525714Z

measured 22 of 22 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

22 of 22 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy19
  • unresolved2
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b493d082-769f-4d6f-812b-0a7fb993da8b · outbound

This paper cites Positive and negative implications of the causal illusion.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Positive and negative implications of the causal illusion

Reference 1

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.937816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

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Observation 320bfc44-e185-494e-90c9-dcacda066fdd · outbound

This paper cites Causal illusions in the service of political attitudes in spain and the united kingdom.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Causal illusions in the service of political attitudes in spain and the united kingdom

Reference 2

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.921910Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.412406Z digest=sha256:8eaa6f8f9e8cc98fe94cab521788d22d9c4f98b2ffafc194c5370f170cd9af27

Observation 4c21d710-0140-4174-ac1a-2a45c19da7df · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.906469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.418359Z digest=sha256:7012e51246a7076c1289eb890d3567db3df366066e2af859256f674ec6a7a643

Observation f431da9a-52c7-4d6e-ab3d-e22e798031fc · outbound

This paper cites Death by homeopathy: issues for civil, criminal and coronial law and for health service policy.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Death by homeopathy: issues for civil, criminal and coronial law and for health service policy

Reference 4

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.890708Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.428810Z digest=sha256:fb9491e2def04fb7095c085fb1dc393137bb6ad598e5f8ae2a27ae4a40e2510d

Observation f1b4914c-2efa-44b9-a926-b2d0995c5387 · outbound

This paper cites Hamilton and Robert K.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Hamilton and Robert K

Reference 5

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.874084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.435107Z digest=sha256:bc8406eadcb480e8083c41f8e59efa6d1905945025ca1a1756409518dc9ad129

Observation f16aaa45-91f7-4bb5-a7f9-ba651321ee12 · outbound

This paper cites Logical fallacy detection.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Logical fallacy detection

Reference 6

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.859114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.440584Z digest=sha256:11095b2b6664f1f18f670c570ecd7bac119f56109c8b683f08dc83ff90e23c80

Observation 75e7d35d-2367-4fe7-bcef-650c70a48b0d · outbound

This paper cites Can large language models infer causation from correlation? In Proc.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Can large language models infer causation from correlation? In Proc

Reference 7

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.844119Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.446993Z digest=sha256:bfe6536209f960e9e5a585155b7e3bf3abfef9a940fb592b909a34fd91173f6f

Observation 16fdb03a-3376-4f7f-b34b-0fc54b7b372f · outbound

This paper cites LLMs Are Prone to Fallacies in Causal Inference.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? LLMs Are Prone to Fallacies in Causal Inference

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.607741Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.451961Z digest=sha256:8ce0399bac91d9fe70957fbe572b4b7c698fe150e42dc9b5e50a1df752c929e2

Observation 6161cdc4-f03e-43dd-ab56-0e1371347b1a · outbound

This paper cites Chain versus common cause: Biased causal strength judgments in humans and large language models.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Chain versus common cause: Biased causal strength judgments in humans and large language models

Reference 9

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.829752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.457659Z digest=sha256:faafa46463022401398d78767ff84362a9c40c10e8c566778a9293a01c884e7a

Observation 750f6e5e-8ce5-49cf-bf0a-dce36cde71ba · outbound

This paper cites A robust classic: Illusory correlations are maintained under extended operant learning.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? A robust classic: Illusory correlations are maintained under extended operant learning

Reference 10

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.815311Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.462524Z digest=sha256:e01f5717c171a157eb8b130237da3643427401c5c4aa54b97776171b891826cc

Observation 9fe1ac79-7199-479a-9857-1df1c0fb2080 · outbound

This paper cites Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Causal Reasoning and Large Language Models: Opening a New Frontier for Causality

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.468158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.468158Z digest=sha256:c0323263bde1577198901c62d0d0dfab1b0d02a1f00ec468d275fce8c2190906

Observation c00a11f9-143a-4b0b-aa63-c95817d616e5 · outbound

This paper cites Lagnado, Michael R.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Lagnado, Michael R

Reference 12

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.800105Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.473400Z digest=sha256:5253a96838eb06d2a2b80555dcb0c65398043923c3678046015a167415ebdfbb

Observation de0ee232-8dcd-4c04-8222-9f242e8e7b4f · outbound

This paper cites The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data

Reference 13

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.784008Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.478536Z digest=sha256:bf30e7d87862ed1ddf399e2a0eee59eb59f5508f563b023110ecb2bfc8004ad5

Observation f6ef5ba0-1f4c-4e70-aa91-f5a0db77ad51 · outbound

This paper cites Vadillo, and Itxaso Barberia.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Vadillo, and Itxaso Barberia

Reference 14

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.765384Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.483137Z digest=sha256:63bad698716bf04fcc2ce62d38a21553390784458c0cad192304e1cca48c9211

Observation 499d7990-d34f-4656-8be5-8f2b69d0b099 · outbound

This paper cites The tendency to stop collecting information is linked to illusions of causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? The tendency to stop collecting information is linked to illusions of causality

Reference 15

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.749112Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.487866Z digest=sha256:8ccd857fc811310572fc862e72810f1732073599b46033bdcb6d51e0d41ea889

Observation 80141d3a-aca7-434f-9e7f-c89a633483c4 · outbound

This paper cites Context and time in causal learning: contingency and mood dependent effects.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Context and time in causal learning: contingency and mood dependent effects

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.733853Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.492303Z digest=sha256:7aff616c62013d5359bbbd9b889fe9e993473ddf570f0baa3eac2cbea61e8ba8

Observation 51236d45-adb0-4925-ad70-d341d5503f5f · outbound

This paper cites Effects of question formats on causal judgments and model evaluation.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Effects of question formats on causal judgments and model evaluation

Reference 17

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.716425Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.496992Z digest=sha256:41b7e95ad9b046eb1af5195f794c3793f704ff6323d4d3bcaba689516e7516a5

Observation 4e1e23f9-a4b9-4c40-9924-335fcaf50773 · outbound

This paper cites Venetis, Leanne Whelan, Bethan Hughes, and Christopher D.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Venetis, Leanne Whelan, Bethan Hughes, and Christopher D

Reference 18

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.698891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.501321Z digest=sha256:3e516c6081a5b33a5a5998362a99c25d55de0e21b0c1a2b979df9342ba89bf93

Observation 0f7632cf-f88d-428b-b3c7-1ac695446ff3 · outbound

This paper cites Being honest with causal language in writing for publication.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Being honest with causal language in writing for publication

Reference 19

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.680388Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.505898Z digest=sha256:630dbd706c79239bf3c4bf55cc1206a636c6e761a55e6e157419a1fb22956149

Observation 73ba82e4-897b-454f-9b2f-e8ae0574a2f6 · outbound

This paper cites Scarcity affects cognitive biases: The case of the illusion of causality.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Scarcity affects cognitive biases: The case of the illusion of causality

Reference 20

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.662649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.510978Z digest=sha256:2f6709bf04da89b41269ddfe991f3d20f597ae56518cb306d490657315fe9b7b

Observation 78bb8467-7313-4aa5-bb23-a1471d49d6c8 · outbound

This paper cites Illusion of causality in visualized data.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Illusion of causality in visualized data

Reference 21

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.645030Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.517389Z digest=sha256:eb2f9797bcbac8c7804d441ba4192e051cfc5606b541dbcfdb1567bd0b8edb64

Observation c76e6a76-ec2e-454c-9e68-b12edb923eef · outbound

This paper cites Measuring correlation-to-causation exaggeration in press releases.

Do Large Language Models Show Biases in Causal Learning? Measuring correlation-to-causation exaggeration in press releases

Reference 22

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T15:57:11.627648Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-11T15:57:11.525714Z digest=sha256:c1a9abab4a39ea50feb1b94e8ea61fadc61b52b5212f4e60949fc83a5420800f

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.