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Zero-knowledge against quantum attacks

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arxiv quant-ph/0511020 v1 pith:HKATW2JT submitted 2005-11-03 quant-ph

classification quant-ph
keywords quantumzero-knowledgeattacksproofsystemsinteractiveproofsassuming
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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This paper proves that several interactive proof systems are zero-knowledge against quantum attacks. This includes a few well-known classical zero-knowledge proof systems as well as quantum interactive proof systems for the complexity class HVQSZK, which comprises all problems having "honest verifier" quantum statistical zero-knowledge proofs. It is also proved that zero-knowledge proofs for every language in NP exist that are secure against quantum attacks, assuming the existence of quantum computationally concealing commitment schemes. Previously no non-trivial proof systems were known to be zero-knowledge against quantum attacks, except in restricted settings such as the honest-verifier and common reference string models. This paper therefore establishes for the first time that true zero-knowledge is indeed possible in the presence of quantum information and computation.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 195 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. On estimating operator norm distance, with optimal trace distance estimation when one state is pure

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 7.0 of 10

    Rank-independent quantum estimators achieve Θ(1/ε) queries for operator-norm (and trace) distance when one state is pure, and Õ(1/ε^{3/2}) queries for general states, proving BQP-completeness.

  2. On estimating Schatten norm and power distances between quantum states

    quant-ph 2025-05 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    For constant alpha > 1, the quantum Schatten alpha-norm distance between states given by preparation circuits can be estimated in polynomial time, and the corresponding decision problem QSD_alpha is BQP-complete; for ...

  3. A slightly improved upper bound for quantum statistical zero-knowledge

    quant-ph 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    QSZK and its non-interactive variant NIQSZK stay inside QIP(2)∩co-QIP(2), now with an honest prover that runs in quantum linear space and single-exponential time.

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