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Did we hear the sound of the Universe boiling? Analysis using the full fluid velocity profiles and NANOGrav 15-year data
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In this paper, we analyse sound waves arising from a cosmic phase transition where the full velocity profile is taken into account as an explanation for the gravitational wave spectrum observed by multiple pulsar timing array groups. Unlike the broken power law used in the literature, in this scenario the power law after the peak depends on the macroscopic properties of the phase transition, allowing for a better fit with pulsar timing array (PTA) data. We compare the best fit with that obtained using the usual broken power law and, unsurprisingly, find a better fit with the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum that utilizes the full velocity profile. We then discuss models that can produce the best-fit point and complementary probes using CMB experiments and searches for light particles in DUNE, IceCUBE-Gen2, neutrinoless double beta decay, and forward physics facilities at the LHC like FASER nu, etc.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Boiling After the Dust Settles: Constraining First-Order Phase Transitions During Dark Energy Domination
CMB anisotropies from stochastic bubble nucleation constrain late-time phase transitions to release less than ~1% of dark energy when β/H⋆≲25, much tighter than Hubble-budget limits.
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From new physics to a running power law and back again: Minimal refitting techniques for the reconstruction of the gravitational-wave background signal in pulsar timing array data
A new refitting technique maps any gravitational-wave background spectrum onto a running-power-law reference model via sensitivity-weighted chi-squared minimization, and uses the pullback of the reference posterior to...
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Supercooled Phase Transitions: Why Thermal History of Hidden Sector Matters in Analysis of Pulsar Timing Array Signals
Tracking the evolving temperature ratio between hidden and visible sectors can change a supercooled hidden-sector phase transition's gravitational wave spectrum by up to four orders of magnitude, reviving it as an exp...
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The Sound of Dark Sectors in Pulsar Timing Arrays
A dark sector phase transition at the MeV scale, with a dark Higgs mass around 3 MeV, can reproduce the gravitational wave background seen by pulsar timing arrays.
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Impact of Primordial Magnetic Fields on the First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition
A primordial hypermagnetic field slows the first-order electroweak transition, forms Higgs vortices above g'B/m_W^2 ~ 3.63, and helical fields boost sphaleron rates and baryon asymmetry.
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NANOGrav 15-year gravitational-wave signals from binary supermassive black-holes seeded by primordial black holes, and implications for the origins of Little Red Dots
A PBH abundance of 10^-14–10^-12 of CDM, with seed masses 1–10^3 M_sun, is fitted to the NANOGrav 15-year background via SMBH mergers, consistent with 21-cm limits.
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