Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 4 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.21803.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.21803 v1

Coverage vector

measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.385075Z

measured 56 of 56 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 4 of 4 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-07-11T20:41:10.528667Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T23:42:49.678537Z

Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy24
unresolved28
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3eaa8b79-64d0-4f3a-bd61-f4ba46c1cd57 · outbound

This paper cites wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.594726Z

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Observation fe8e6ab1-444e-4632-8117-a7a9782e8fae · outbound

This paper cites C., Schwaighofer, A., Hyland, S., Wetscherek, M., Naumann, T., Nori, A., Alvarez-Valle, J., et al.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining C., Schwaighofer, A., Hyland, S., Wetscherek, M., Naumann, T., Nori, A., Alvarez-Valle, J., et al

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.560584Z

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Observation fc34dca5-713c-4e9b-a45b-751d88251629 · outbound

This paper cites Emerging properties in self-supervised vision transformers.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Emerging properties in self-supervised vision transformers

Reference 3

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Observation b6dc3663-a06c-4fa9-a271-3bcd337bd84f · outbound

This paper cites A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations

Reference 4

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Observation 36f91553-104f-4cc3-82af-731acc708163 · outbound

This paper cites and He, K.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining and He, K

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.501362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7776d0d5-308a-4530-b39b-a5bf072963b9 · outbound

This paper cites An empirical study of training self-supervised vision transformers.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining An empirical study of training self-supervised vision transformers

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.132911Z

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Observation 44705e4b-a431-4f8a-8823-82b38020122f · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.139523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 86a7d420-9a73-4ed6-a8c7-a34b51f1dc35 · outbound

This paper cites Unified language model pre-training for natural language understanding and generation.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Unified language model pre-training for natural language understanding and generation

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.453068Z

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Observation 0648cd0a-7155-4839-9aba-af512cbfbe36 · outbound

This paper cites A review on deep learning methods for ecg arrhythmia classification.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A review on deep learning methods for ecg arrhythmia classification

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.424513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 735b43b3-058b-4ade-b9e5-549207f01e3f · outbound

This paper cites Time-Series Representation Learning via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Time-Series Representation Learning via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.157478Z

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Observation 6debf68b-f5e3-4e0b-9006-9e0549475b56 · outbound

This paper cites 3kg: Contrastive learning of 12-lead electrocardiograms using physiologically-inspired augmentations.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining 3kg: Contrastive learning of 12-lead electrocardiograms using physiologically-inspired augmentations

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.405744Z

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Observation 6eed404c-51eb-41fc-b02a-a1950d83e754 · outbound

This paper cites A., Johnson, A., Moody, B., Fernandes, C., Greenbaum, N., Berkowitz, S., Moukheiber, D., Eslami, P., et al.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A., Johnson, A., Moody, B., Fernandes, C., Greenbaum, N., Berkowitz, S., Moukheiber, D., Eslami, P., et al

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.386033Z

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Observation 19135d0c-e563-49fa-83b7-3e4001dc80b2 · outbound

This paper cites Bootstrap your own latent-a new approach to self-supervised learning.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Bootstrap your own latent-a new approach to self-supervised learning

Reference 13

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Observation ad91b0d1-961b-4e3b-a082-2df82b151ec7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.354221Z

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Observation a727cc30-648f-4c23-979d-b3b22ab5c33e · outbound

This paper cites Foundation models in electrocardiogram: A review.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Foundation models in electrocardiogram: A review

Reference 15

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Observation e8693339-4d33-475d-9ef7-e2d1783e1e31 · outbound

This paper cites Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Momentum contrast for unsupervised visual representation learning

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.332919Z

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Observation 48c925fc-a887-4e0d-b6f4-0564cbefb1e7 · outbound

This paper cites DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining DeBERTa: Decoding-enhanced BERT with Disentangled Attention

Reference 17

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Observation 4f688381-f42e-4884-9ca1-924cf5d1c456 · outbound

This paper cites Spatiotemporal self-supervised representation learning from multi-lead ecg signals.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Spatiotemporal self-supervised representation learning from multi-lead ecg signals

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.315808Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation adab5e17-fa19-4d9a-a91e-784ed98b55b0 · outbound

This paper cites Reading your heart: Learning ECG words and sentences via pre-training ECG language model.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Reading your heart: Learning ECG words and sentences via pre-training ECG language model

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.298701Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation bcafc821-3be8-45cb-b467-bedaed1e4301 · outbound

This paper cites C., Yeganova, L., Wilbur, W.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining C., Yeganova, L., Wilbur, W

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.282244Z

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Observation eb1915bd-ca74-44c5-8124-97c58ab9636f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.262626Z

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Observation d5e82815-ec54-4538-9b6c-3853489edc4a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Observation e0dcb4a5-3c27-4ed3-b257-b02e7dbef546 · outbound

This paper cites Frozen language model helps ecg zero-shot learning.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Frozen language model helps ecg zero-shot learning

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.219422Z

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Observation 6f0cd9c3-9ea4-4f95-9ad8-1fd97b093519 · outbound

This paper cites Zero-Shot ECG Classification with Multimodal Learning and Test-time Clinical Knowledge Enhancement.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Zero-Shot ECG Classification with Multimodal Learning and Test-time Clinical Knowledge Enhancement

Reference 24

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Observation b1b09e40-ea44-4d98-a328-4aba4cfb6c5d · outbound

This paper cites An open access database for evaluating the algorithms of electrocardiogram rhythm and morphology abnormality detection.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining An open access database for evaluating the algorithms of electrocardiogram rhythm and morphology abnormality detection

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.195379Z

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Observation 97a05837-3611-4e38-9d28-fc451941d268 · outbound

This paper cites Teach Multimodal LLMs to Comprehend Electrocardiographic Images.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Teach Multimodal LLMs to Comprehend Electrocardiographic Images

Reference 26

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Observation 51f4ab13-e9ff-4776-8f35-86365f350459 · outbound

This paper cites A., and Brady, W.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A., and Brady, W

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.176196Z

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Observation fa45377b-1b13-4a7b-a4b2-957efa6e211a · outbound

This paper cites ECG-FM: An Open Electrocardiogram Foundation Model.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining ECG-FM: An Open Electrocardiogram Foundation Model

Reference 28

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Observation bf40e8cf-184e-4c8d-84e2-d41cb0605318 · outbound

This paper cites Guiding Masked Representation Learning to Capture Spatio-Temporal Relationship of Electrocardiogram.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Guiding Masked Representation Learning to Capture Spatio-Temporal Relationship of Electrocardiogram

Reference 29

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Observation ec5bd722-c6e0-4286-9697-c4e7701f3873 · outbound

This paper cites A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformers.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A Time Series is Worth 64 Words: Long-term Forecasting with Transformers

Reference 30

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Observation de6d7ff3-5c42-48fc-a42e-f6f1610db2a4 · outbound

This paper cites Lead-agnostic self-supervised learning for local and global representations of electrocardiogram.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Lead-agnostic self-supervised learning for local and global representations of electrocardiogram

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.156936Z

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Observation 325a2310-5f41-415d-b605-3af64ccff176 · outbound

This paper cites Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding

Reference 32

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Observation d208e454-5147-499a-8f64-b5a5c2a8e3c5 · outbound

This paper cites Boosting Masked ECG-Text Auto-Encoders as Discriminative Learners.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Boosting Masked ECG-Text Auto-Encoders as Discriminative Learners

Reference 33

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Observation 22ffd834-6496-4c88-bc96-d5c5716c7e95 · outbound

This paper cites W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., et al.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., et al

Reference 34

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Observation 3a080806-6577-4639-8b51-adaaa3359f3e · outbound

This paper cites J., Wang, Z., Oikonomou, E.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining J., Wang, Z., Oikonomou, E

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.120031Z

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Observation 7355a18d-55d2-4fd7-810d-b87bb4e1c633 · outbound

This paper cites C., Noseworthy, P.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining C., Noseworthy, P

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.100271Z

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Observation 81c92bac-4be1-4709-8dc6-7bf96e0ad327 · outbound

This paper cites CREMA: A Contrastive Regularized Masked Autoencoder for Robust ECG Diagnostics across Clinical Domains.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining CREMA: A Contrastive Regularized Masked Autoencoder for Robust ECG Diagnostics across Clinical Domains

Reference 37

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Observation 03c89dc6-f548-4c75-a0c9-ea5722375b99 · outbound

This paper cites Foundation model of ecg diagnosis: Diagnostics and explanations of any form and rhythm on ecg.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Foundation model of ecg diagnosis: Diagnostics and explanations of any form and rhythm on ecg

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.082252Z

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Observation 0c1c3cc4-80d4-422e-bac6-db64870ba308 · outbound

This paper cites I., Samek, W., and Schaeffter, T.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining I., Samek, W., and Schaeffter, T

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.058599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 4fa0d54e-e6f2-40b5-819d-e9995a66612f · outbound

This paper cites Adversarial spatiotemporal contrastive learning for electrocardiogram signals.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Adversarial spatiotemporal contrastive learning for electrocardiogram signals

Reference 40

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Observation 3d6e8462-4007-4da3-8828-672c69911265 · outbound

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From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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Observation e28de37e-247b-4efa-aad6-06f869f76183 · outbound

This paper cites X., and Lin, D.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining X., and Lin, D

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.021559Z

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Observation e9bf01b7-39ee-4310-bbaa-9f39f6f9f8c6 · outbound

This paper cites Fusing transformer model with temporal features for ecg heartbeat classification.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Fusing transformer model with temporal features for ecg heartbeat classification

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:46.004975Z

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Observation db2ffdb7-3d55-4a87-957e-0ddc2a951ffb · outbound

This paper cites ECG-SL: Electrocardiogram(ECG) Segment Learning, a deep learning method for ECG signal.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining ECG-SL: Electrocardiogram(ECG) Segment Learning, a deep learning method for ECG signal

Reference 44

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Observation 56e7fdb1-a547-4a95-8a67-fb5ef214e570 · outbound

This paper cites ECG Semantic Integrator (ESI): A Foundation ECG Model Pretrained with LLM-Enhanced Cardiological Text.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining ECG Semantic Integrator (ESI): A Foundation ECG Model Pretrained with LLM-Enhanced Cardiological Text

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.343849Z

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Observation 6ccdda71-7964-4ba1-9a9f-d4df1af623ad · outbound

This paper cites CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Models.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining CoCa: Contrastive Captioners are Image-Text Foundation Models

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.349993Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 080783f3-27c7-47ee-9f63-09d1839cc930 · outbound

This paper cites Ts2vec: Towards universal representation of time series.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Ts2vec: Towards universal representation of time series

Reference 47

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.986476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 44affef4-823e-449e-99bd-e0063183a92c · outbound

This paper cites Barlow twins: Self-supervised learning via redundancy reduction.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Barlow twins: Self-supervised learning via redundancy reduction

Reference 48

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 32da3604-ecab-45b5-a96e-3079c3a36cd2 · outbound

This paper cites Self-supervised time series representation learning via cross reconstruction transformer.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining Self-supervised time series representation learning via cross reconstruction transformer

Reference 49

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.955569Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7992613e-ef38-426f-93eb-fe6eb3be8404 · outbound

This paper cites ECG-Chat: A Large ECG-Language Model for Cardiac Disease Diagnosis.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining ECG-Chat: A Large ECG-Language Model for Cardiac Disease Diagnosis

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.370914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation be4a890f-75cd-4c1c-918f-4ac86abc5196 · outbound

This paper cites A large scale 12-lead electrocardiogram database for arrhythmia study (version 1.0.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining A large scale 12-lead electrocardiogram database for arrhythmia study (version 1.0

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.934094Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0128697f-d630-4c31-9caf-b48ec2c3f6d5 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining write newline

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:51:45.385075Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation ebd6cc99-4797-4b46-9b43-84f29d6bf425 · inbound

ECG Foundation Models and Medical LLMs for Agentic Cardiovascular Intelligence at the Edge: A Review and Outlook cites this paper.

ECG Foundation Models and Medical LLMs for Agentic Cardiovascular Intelligence at the Edge: A Review and Outlook From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining

Reference 56

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-13T20:28:14.287915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d213752f-12ab-4c5c-92a2-b26af4dd9b7d · inbound

PRISM-CTG: A Foundation Model for Cardiotocography Analysis with Multi-View SSL cites this paper.

PRISM-CTG: A Foundation Model for Cardiotocography Analysis with Multi-View SSL From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining

Reference 35

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T07:01:08.649244Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0f0186a3-e8b0-4d0a-924a-1fb126dad3d5 · inbound

Learning Cardiac Latent Representations in Vectorcardiogram Space cites this paper.

Learning Cardiac Latent Representations in Vectorcardiogram Space From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining

Reference 9

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T23:42:49.679954Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7828cf1d-5f04-402a-a1d0-94a583a7273f · inbound

Signal or Noise? Understanding Generative Models for Real-World Sensor Time Series cites this paper.

Signal or Noise? Understanding Generative Models for Real-World Sensor Time Series From Token to Rhythm: A Multi-Scale Approach for ECG-Language Pretraining

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-07-11T20:41:10.528667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.