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The CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor From Infrared Dust Emission Across the Local Group

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arxiv 1102.4618 v1 pith:IDVWVXNW submitted 2011-02-22 astro-ph.CO

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords alphaapproxmetallicityconversionemissionfactoraroundbest
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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We estimate the conversion factor relating CO emission to H2 mass, alpha_CO, in five Local Group galaxies that span approximately an order of magnitude in metallicity - M31, M 33, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), NGC 6822, and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We model the dust mass along the line of sight from infrared (IR) emission and then solve for the alpha_CO that best allows a single gas-to-dust ratio (delta_GDR) to describe each system. This approach remains sensitive to CO-dark envelopes of H2 surrounding molecular clouds. In M 31, M 33, and the LMC we find alpha_CO \approx 3-9 M_sun pc^-2 (K km s^-1)^-1, consistent with the Milky Way value within the uncertainties. The two lowest metallicity galaxies in our sample, NGC 6822 and the SMC (12 + log(O/H) \approx 8.2 and 8.0), exhibit a much higher alpha_CO. Our best estimates are \alpha_NGC6822 \approx 30 M_sun/pc^-2 (K km s^-1)^-1 and \alpha_SMC \approx 70 M_sun/pc^-2 (K km s-1)-1. These results are consistent with the conversion factor becoming CO a strong function of metallicity around 12 + log(O/H) \sim 8.4 - 8.2. We favor an interpretation where decreased dust-shielding leads to the dominance of CO-free envelopes around molecular clouds below this metallicity.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Survival is not Enough: Dust Sputtering, Growth, and H$_2$ Formation in Galactic Winds

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.5 of 10

    Entrained clouds form high H2 fractions only with dust growth at densities ≳10–30 times the cloud-survival critical density; without growth, DGR dilution and sputtering keep them atomic.

  2. Scylla: Observational Evidence for an Order of Magnitude in Dust Mass Opacity Evolution with ISM Density in the Large Magellanic Cloud

    astro-ph.GA 2026-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In the LMC, the FIR-to-optical dust opacity ratio increases with gas surface density, indicating that dust mass emission efficiency evolves with ISM density.

  3. Vz-GAL Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies: Revisiting the CO-H2 Conversion Factor Tension

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The CO-to-H2 conversion factor in high-z dusty star-forming galaxies is not required to be 0.8; intermediate to near-Galactic values (median ~4-5) remain dynamically viable.

  4. MSA-3D: Rotation Curves and Dark Matter Fractions at z~0.5-1.7 with JWST/NIRSpec

    astro-ph.GA 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    New JWST data on 23 galaxies at 0.5<z<1.7 show median dark matter fraction of 0.63 at effective radius with 0.2 dex scatter, and a mix of rising, flat, and falling rotation curves.

  5. The ${}^{13}\mathrm{CO}(2{-}1)/^{12}\mathrm{CO}(2{-}1)$ Line Ratio from 100 Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud

    astro-ph.GA 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Observational study of 100 LMC GMCs finds median 13CO(2-1)/12CO(2-1) line ratio of 0.078, nearly linear with luminosity, and higher in clouds hosting IR-bright young stellar objects.

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