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The EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope for the Detection of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays
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abstract
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) flew on May 13$^{\text{th}}$ and 14$^{\text{th}}$ of 2023. Consisting of two novel optical telescopes, the payload utilized next-generation instrumentation for the observations of extensive air showers from near space. One instrument, the fluorescence telescope (FT) searched for Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) by recording the atmosphere below the balloon in the near-UV with a 1~$\mu$s time resolution using 108 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes with a total of 6,912 channels. Validated by pre-flight measurements during a field campaign, the energy threshold was estimated around 2~EeV with an expected event rate of approximately 1 event per 10 hours of observation. Based on the limited time afloat, the expected number of UHECR observations throughout the flight is between 0 and 2. Consistent with this expectation, no UHECR candidate events have been found. The majority of events appear to be detector artifacts that were not rejected properly due to a shortened commissioning phase. Despite the earlier-than-expected termination of the flight, data were recorded which provide insights into the detectors stability in the near-space environment as well as the diffuse ultraviolet emissivity of the atmosphere, both of which are impactful to future experiments.
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Cited by 3 Pith papers
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POEMMA-Balloon with Radio: An Overview
PBR is a proposed ultra-long-duration balloon payload combining fluorescence, Cherenkov, and radio detectors to observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from suborbital altitude.
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The Extreme Universe Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon II: Mission, Payload, and Flight
A short balloon flight commissioned a fluorescence and a Cherenkov telescope at 33 km altitude and returned about 10 candidate cosmic-ray extensive air shower events from Cherenkov light.
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EUSO-SPB2 Cosmic Ray Searches and Observations
A 37-hour balloon flight validated a SiPM Cherenkov telescope by finding 14 simulation-consistent air-shower flash events, with no UHECRs in the fluorescence channel.
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