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Formation of Giant Planets

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arxiv 2504.04090 v1 pith:INS5PJH4 submitted 2025-04-05 astro-ph.EP

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords formationgiantplanetsplanetarychallengesconstraintsexoplanetsissue
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Gas giant planets, if present, are the most massive objects in a planetary system and play a pivotal role in shaping its overall architecture. The formation of these planets has constantly been a central issue in planetary science. Increasing evidence from spacecraft explorations of Jupiter and Saturn, as well as telescope observations of exoplanets, has provided new constraints on the formation process of gas giant planets. The classic challenge of explaining formation timescales still remains a significant issue, while new constraints on planetary interiors have introduced additional complexities. Recent shifts away from the single-size planetesimal hypothesis, nevertheless, show promise in resolving these problems. Additionally, various discoveries regarding exoplanets have led to theoretical improvements, while the discovery of numerous super-Earths and sub-Neptunes has posed new challenges in understanding gas accretion. This review synthesizes the latest theoretical advancements, discussing resolved issues and emerging challenges in giant planet formation.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Sub-Snowline Formation of Gas-Giant Planets in Binary Systems

    astro-ph.EP 2025-10 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Gas giants form sub-snowline in binaries via dust traps at the tidal truncation radius, with observed planet semi-major axes following a_planet = 0.569 r_t (R²=0.94).

  2. The Longest-period Young Transiting Exoplanets. A Duo of Puffy Giants inside a Debris Disk

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    HD 114082 hosts two puffy, moderate-to-low-mass giants on nearly circular, coplanar, near-resonant orbits of 225.55 and ~314 days, the longest-period young transiting exoplanets known.

  3. HERMES: HiERarchical Modelling for Exoplanet Science

    astro-ph.EP 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    HERMES is a multidimensional Bayesian framework that recovers correlations between stellar metallicity, planetary mass, and atmospheric metallicity from simulated Ariel-like surveys even with large intrinsic scatter.

  4. Outstanding Questions in Giant Planet Theory

    astro-ph.EP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    The paper identifies key unresolved questions in giant planet formation, interiors, and their role in planetary systems.

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