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Dirac and Majorana neutrino signatures of primordial black holes
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abstract
We study Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as sources of massive neutrinos via Hawking radiation. Under the hypothesis that black holes emit neutrino mass eigenstates, we describe quantitatively how the PBH evolution and lifetime is affected by the mass and fermionic -- Dirac or Majorana -- nature of neutrinos. In the case of Dirac neutrinos, PBHs radiate right-handed and left-handed neutrinos in equal amounts, thus possibly increasing the effective number of neutrino species, $N_{\rm eff}$. Assuming an initially monochromatic PBH mass spectrum, with the initial mass $M_i$ related to the particle horizon mass, and considering the current constraint on $N_{\rm eff}$, we derive a bound on the initial PBH fraction $\beta^\prime$ in the interval $4.3\times 10^7\ {\rm g}\lesssim M_i \lesssim 10^9$ g. Future measurements of $N_{\rm eff}$ may be able to constraint the initial fraction for black hole masses as low as 1 g. If an excess in $N_{\rm eff}$ is found, PBHs with Dirac neutrinos could provide a minimal explanation of it. For example, for $10^7\ {\rm g} \lesssim M_i\lesssim 10^9$ g and $\beta^\prime \gtrsim 10^{-13}$, an excess radiation at the level of $0.2\lesssim \Delta N_{\rm eff}\lesssim 0.37$ is produced, which can alleviate the tension of the Hubble parameter measurements. Finally, we obtain the diffuse flux of right-helical neutrinos from PBHs at the Earth, and show that their detection in a PTOLEMY-like detector (using neutrino capture on tritium) would be difficult.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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Probing Memory-Burdened Primordial Black Holes with High-Energy Neutrinos
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Baryogenesis via Asymmetric Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes
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Antinuclei from Primordial Black Holes
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Symbolic regression is used to derive compact error-function approximations for Schwarzschild gray-body factors, and the approximations reproduce the Hawking spectra and primordial black hole constraints from full num...
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Page Time of Primordial Black Holes in the Standard Model and Beyond
For Standard Model emission, a Schwarzschild primordial black hole of about 6.23 x 10^14 grams would reach its Page time at the current age of the Universe.
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Anisotropic Neutrino Emission from Spinning, Moving, and Charged Primordial Black Holes
Kerr-Newman black holes moving relativistically emit neutrinos in a narrow forward cone, a combination of known spin and Doppler effects.
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Directional Neutrino Bursts from Spinning and Moving Primordial Black Holes
The paper claims spinning, fast-moving primordial black holes produce collimated high-energy neutrino bursts that IceCube and KM3NeT could detect, and asserts new abundance constraints from their non-observation.
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Asymmetries from a charged memory-burdened PBH
A parameter-space scan shows that very large curvature-current couplings can fit the baryon asymmetry and dark matter abundance, while the electric charge of the black hole plays no role in the mechanism.
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