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REVIEW 4 major objections 6 minor 42 references

How to Unlock Time Series Editing? Diffusion-Driven Approach with Multi-Grained Control

T0 review · 4 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-07 · deepseek-v4-flash

Pith's one-line read By blending confidence-weighted anchor values into each denoising step and adding a classifier-style penalty for segment statistics, CocktailEdit claims to let users edit time series on any pretrained conditional diffusion model without…

desk verdict A useful training-free editing heuristic, but the conditional-sampling proof is circular and the paper's own metrics show large distribution shift under control. read the letter →

arxiv 2506.05276 v1 pith:J5XG4OSU submitted 2025-06-05 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords timeserieseditingdiffusionmodelsconditionalgenerationclassifierguidanceconfidencemaskingsegmentstatisticscontrolinference-time
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper aims to turn any already-trained conditional diffusion model for time series into an interactive editing tool. The proposed method, CocktailEdit, lets a user pin individual values (with a confidence score) and require segment-level statistics such as sums or averages, and it enforces both kinds of constraints during the reverse-denoising stage only, so no model retraining is needed. The key move is treating constraints as blending masks plus gradient penalties: observed anchor values are re-noised to match the current diffusion step and mixed into the model's own output, while aggregate statistics are steered by a classifier-style loss. Experiments across four datasets and two diffusion backbones show the edited series follow the anchors and sums more faithfully as confidence and guidance strength increase. If the approach holds, scenario analysis and human-in-the-loop generation become a matter of dragging points and setting segment targets rather than retraining models.

What carries the argument

The machinery is a confidence-weighted float mask working like teacher forcing during the reverse diffusion process, fused with a classifier-based guidance penalty for statistics. Concretely, at each denoising step the observed anchor values are re-noised by the forward process to match the current noise level and blended with the model's own denoised trajectory via $x_t \leftarrow \omega_t m \odot x_t^{\mathrm{ob}} + (1 - \omega_t m) \odot x_t^{\mathrm{ta}}$, where $m \in [0,1]^{L\times D}$ encodes per-point confidence and $\omega_t$ is a time-dependent weight that strengthens control near $t\to 0$. For segment constraints, a penalty such as $\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{sum}} = \left(\sum_{i=s_j}^{e_j} x_{t,i} - S_{\mathrm{target}}\right)^2$ is added to the score gradient with a classifier-guidance factor, so aggregates are pulled toward the target while the diffusion model continues to produce plausible local dynamics. The same mechanism handles trend constraints by treating the trend as a dense set of point anchors, and multiple segment scales are combined by a reweighted sum of masks ($m = (\lambda_1 m_{\mathrm{local}} + \lambda_2 m_{\mathrm{segment}} + \lambda_3 m_{\mathrm{global}})/(\lambda_1+\lambda_2+\lambda_3)$). This object carries the argument because the paper's claimed model-agnostic, retraining-free editing reduces entirely to choosing these masks and penalties during sampling.

What would settle it

Take a diffusion model that can natively sample from the conditional distribution given observed anchors (for instance, the CSDI imputation backbone used in the paper), fix the same anchor set at intermediate confidences (e.g., 0.2, 0.5, 0.8), and estimate the Wasserstein distance between CocktailEdit's edited samples and the native conditional samples. If the distance does not shrink as the number of denoising steps grows, or stays large even when confidence is high, the central claim that float-mask blending converges to $p(x_{\mathrm{ta}} \mid x_{\mathrm{ob}})$ is falsified.

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Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that multi-grained time series editing can be reduced to two sampling-time mechanisms that do not require touching the model. First, point-wise constraints are enforced by a confidence-weighted float mask: at every denoising step the observed anchor values are propagated through the forward noising process to the current noise level and combined with the denoised trajectory via $x_t \leftarrow \omega_t m \odot x_t^{\mathrm{ob}} + (1-\omega_t m)\odot x_t^{\mathrm{ta}}$, where $m$ is the per-point confidence and $\omega_t=\exp(-\gamma t/T)$ strengthens control as $t\to 0$. Second, segment-level statistics are enforced by a classifier-style penalty such as $\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{sum}}=(\sum_{i=s_j}^{e_j}x_{t,i}-S_{\mathrm{target}})^2$ added to the score gradient. Interleaving the two during sampling yields edited series that respect anchors exactly at full confidence and move segment sums monotonically with the requested target, while the paper's own distribution metrics show the edits come at the cost of moving the samples away from the original data distribution.

Load-bearing premise

The method's load-bearing premise is that mixing forward-noised observed anchor values into the denoising trajectory at every step, weighted by a float mask, produces samples from the true conditional distribution given those anchors; if that blending is not exact conditional sampling, the edited series drift out of distribution, which the paper's own distribution-shift scores suggest is happening.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Any conditionally trained diffusion model for time series can be edited at inference time: point anchors and segment statistics are enforced purely by masks and gradients, so no model weights change.
  • Full confidence ($m=1$) on an anchor forces the generated value at that index to match the anchor exactly (MAD converging to 0.0 in the reported tables), while intermediate confidence gives a controllable trade-off between fidelity to the anchor and fidelity to the learned temporal dynamics.
  • Target segment sums respond monotonically to the requested value: on the Revenue dataset, targeting 150.0 raises the generated sequence sum from about 76.6 to 117.9, and targeting -100.0 lowers it to about 52.7 (Table 4, Diffusion-TS backbone).
  • The same sampling-time mechanism covers trend control (by interpolating a reference trend into dense point anchors) and combined multi-granularity control, with near-zero added runtime per sample (Table 6).
  • Distribution preservation and control precision trade off: discriminative scores, Context-FID, and correlational scores rise after control is applied, so stronger control moves the output away from the original data distribution.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The paper does not test it, but replacing the sum penalty in Eq. 14 with any differentiable aggregate—volatility, peak, correlation, or a weighted average—should work the same way, so the claimed statistics control is plausibly a general mechanism rather than a sum-only trick.
  • If the mask-blending equivalence from Appendix A.2 were exactly true, intermediate-confidence edits should coincide with samples from a model natively trained to condition on the same anchors; comparing CocktailEdit against such a conditional model would either confirm the theory or expose the distribution drift the reported FID/discriminative scores hint at.
  • The time-dependent weight $\omega_t$ and dynamic mask adjustment are heuristics; making the schedule part of a proper stochastic-differential-equation guidance term could connect this to exact conditional sampling and might remove the control–fidelity trade-off.
  • The interactive editor described in the paper is a screen demo; the per-sample cost of 0.06–9.6 ms suggests the same machinery could drive live, drag-to-edit tools for forecasting and what-if analysis, not just offline generation.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 6 minor

Summary. The paper proposes CocktailEdit, an inference-time framework for editing time series generated by pretrained conditional diffusion models. Point-level constraints are enforced by blending forward-noised observed values with denoised target values via a confidence mask and a time-dependent weight (Eqs. 8 and 10), while segment-level statistics such as sums are controlled by adding an L2 penalty on the segment sum during sampling (Eqs. 14 and 15). The method is evaluated on ETTh, fMRI, Revenue, and Sines with CSDI and Diffusion-TS backbones. The experiments show that higher confidence values reduce the mean absolute difference at anchor points and that sum control shifts the achieved sums in the requested direction, at the cost of substantially increased distribution-divergence metrics. The paper claims that this is a principled, training-free way to enforce multi-grained constraints while maintaining temporal coherence and distributional fidelity.

Significance. If the central claim were established, the framework would be practically useful: it offers a plug-and-play way to impose anchors and segment statistics on any conditionally trained diffusion model. The paper has real strengths: it ships code and a demo, evaluates on multiple backbones and datasets, reports time efficiency, and openly acknowledges distribution drift in the conclusion. However, the main theoretical guarantee is not proven, and the empirical distribution-fidelity results contradict the abstract's claim of maintaining distributional fidelity. As a heuristic editing tool, the point-control component appears to work as expected, but the paper currently frames it as a principled conditional-sampling procedure, which is the load-bearing weakness.

major comments (4)
  1. [Appendix A.2, Eq. (10)] The proof in Appendix A.2 does not establish that the float-mask update in Eq. (10) samples from p(x_ta | x_ob). Step III asserts that blending with a float mask keeps the observed indices consistent, but for m < 1 and omega_t < 1 the observed coordinate becomes a convex combination of the forward-noised observation and the generated coordinate, so it is not the forward-sampled value. Step IV simply restates the desired limit without argument, and Eq. (7) conditions the reverse transition on x_ob^t in a nonstandard way without deriving the score of the conditional process. Because the paper motivates confidence masking as a principled conditional-sampling mechanism, this gap is load-bearing; as written, the update is a heuristic blend rather than a derivation.
  2. [Section 5.3, Tables 9 and 11] The distribution-fidelity claim in the abstract and introduction is contradicted by the paper's own metrics. With the Diffusion-TS backbone, point control raises the ETTh Context-FID from 0.108 +/- 0.007 to 7.797 +/- 0.644 at confidence 0.01 and the discriminative score from 0.034 +/- 0.026 to 0.437 +/- 0.004; large degradations also appear for statistics control. The conclusion explicitly admits that 'obvious distribution drift still exists.' These results should be reconciled with the claim that the method maintains distributional fidelity, either by removing that claim or by providing evidence that the trade-off is acceptable in a well-defined sense.
  3. [Sections 3.5 and 5.2, Eqs. (13)-(15), Table 4] The statistics-control mechanism is a direct L2 penalty on the segment sum, not classifier guidance as claimed. The classifier p_phi in Eq. (13) is never defined or trained, and Eq. (14) is an explicit mean-squared-error term on the raw sum. Moreover, the control does not reach its targets in several settings: for Sines, the target 150 yields an achieved sum of 21.031 (nearly the same as the target 20 result of 20.146), and for Revenue the target -100 yields 52.675 versus an unconditional 76.619; the CSDI results in Appendix D.1.2 are even less responsive. Please rename the mechanism, define any auxiliary model, and report relative target error or success rates rather than only directional movement.
  4. [Section 5.1, Eq. (10)] The monotonic decrease of MAD with confidence, and the exact zero at confidence 1.0, follow by construction from Eq. (10): setting m = 1 forces x_t to equal x_ob^t, and the forward noising process tends to x_ob^0 as t approaches 0. The empirical MAD curve is therefore a sanity check of the mask implementation, not evidence for the unproven conditional-sampling claim in Appendix A.2. The text should not present this behavior as a theoretical validation of conditional correctness.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Abstract] The sentence 'Time Series Editing (TSE) - making precise modifications while preserving temporal coherence - current methods struggle...' is not grammatical, and 'integrating seamlessly, with any conditionally trained' contains a stray comma. Please revise for clarity.
  2. [Section 3.2, Eq. (7)] Equation (7) appears to condition p_theta on its own argument, x_{t+1}^{ta} | x_{t+1}^{ta}, which is likely a typo in the indices. Please correct the notation.
  3. [Algorithm 1, line 13] The point-wise mask is applied to x_t, but the preceding steps produce x_{t-1}; the index convention is inconsistent with Eq. (10). Please clarify the update order and define m_ob.
  4. [Table 3 and Table 6] The ETTh panel in Table 3 lists target value 0.8 twice and omits 0.5, and Table 6 uses the name 'Energy' while the rest of the paper uses 'ETTh'. These inconsistencies should be fixed.
  5. [Appendix B] Appendix B states that 'we will include the various sequence length results, such L in {96, 192, 384} in the camera-ready version.' This is inappropriate for a submitted manuscript and should be removed or replaced with the actual results.
  6. [Figures 33-36 and Table 4] The achieved sums reported in the figure captions appear inconsistent with Table 4 (for example, ETTh target 20 gives 8.502 in Table 4 but the corresponding caption reports 'Sum: 10.0'). Please reconcile the numbers or clarify whether different settings were used.

Circularity Check

4 steps flagged · score 6.0 of 10

Float-mask blending is not derived from the conditional score; the A.2 proof restates the conclusion, MAD at confidence=1 and its monotonic decrease are forced by Eq. 10, and sum-control 'results' are the optimized loss itself.

  1. self definitional [Section 3.2, Eq. 10; Section 5.1, Table 3]
    "When wi = 1, we rely entirely on the observed data; when wi = 0, the model-generated sample is used. ... xt ←ω tm⊙x ob t + (1−ω tm)⊙x ta t . ... This convergence at confidence = 1.0 validates our theoretical guarantee that maximum confidence forces the point to be a fixed point."

    With wi = 1, mask m = 1 and the update Eq. 10 gives xt = ωt x_ob^t + (1−ωt) x_ta^t. Since ωt = exp(−γ t/num_timesteps) tends to 1 as t→0, the final value is exactly the forward-noised observed value x_ob^0, which converges to the anchor. Therefore MAD = 0 at confidence = 1 is a direct algebraic consequence of the mask definition, not an empirical validation of a prediction. The same construction forces the reported 'convergence'.

  2. self definitional [Section 5.1, Figure 2]
    "The monotonic and linear decrease of MAD with increasing confidence is visualized in Figure 2."

    Eq. 10 defines the controlled iterate as a convex combination of x_ob^t (the forward-noised anchor) and x_ta^t (the generated sample). Increasing the confidence m linearly increases the weight on the anchor branch, so the final value moves monotonically toward the anchor by construction. Reporting this as an experimental finding about 'higher confidence values lead to more precise point control' is reporting the definition of the blending rule, not an independent result.

2 more flagged steps
  1. other [Appendix A.2, Step IV]
    "Consider pt(xt ta |x t ob). By the score-based argument (the forward-reverse chain forming a time-indexed Markov process), the mixture of denoising steps and partial resets of observed entries yields lim t→0 pt(xt ta |x t ob) =p(x ta |x ob), where the convergence follows from the fact that each reverse diffusion step corrects the noise injected in the forward pass, conditioned on the known x t ob."

    This is the theorem to be proved, restated without a derivation. Step III asserts that for a float mask the observed indices 'remain consistent', but for m < 1 and ωt < 1 the coordinate is a convex combination of x_ob^t and x_ta^t, so it is not the forward-sampled observed marginal. Step IV then simply asserts the desired conditional limit, citing the generic score-based argument rather than showing that the float-mask reset defines the reverse transition of the conditional process. The proof therefore assumes the conclusion.

  2. fitted input called prediction [Section 3.5, Eq. 14; Section 4.3; Section 5.2, Table 4]
    "Lsum[sj :ej ] = ( sum_{i=sj}^{ej} x_{t,i} −S target[sj :ej ] )^2 ... the control target function is the sum of series, we directly observe the actual sum value change to validate the controllability."

    The 'Statistic Control Result' reports the very quantity that the algorithm explicitly minimizes: the squared difference between the generated segment sum and the target sum. Gradient descent on this loss will move the sum toward the target by construction, so Table 4 is a check that the optimizer reduces its own objective, not an independent prediction or derivation. The claimed controllability is thus equivalent to the definition of the penalty term.

full rationale

The central derivation of CocktailEdit is not self-contained: the formal proof in Appendix A.2 claims that float-mask blending samples from the true conditional distribution, but Step IV restates the desired limit and Step III's consistency claim is false for fractional masks. Separately, the point-wise 'validation' is definitional: confidence = 1 forces MAD = 0 through Eq. 10, and the monotone MAD decrease is the algebraic behavior of a convex combination with increasing anchor weight. The sum-control experiments similarly report the value of the loss being minimized, so they reduce to the optimization objective. No load-bearing self-citation chain is present: the cited score-based convergence is external, though it is misapplied to the blended process. The paper itself concedes 'obvious distribution drift still exists', and its own Context-FID and discriminative tables show large shifts, which is consistent with the failure of the A.2 claim. The framework may still be a useful heuristic editor, but its claimed conditional-sampling guarantee and several reported 'results' are circular by construction, giving a partial-circularity score of 6.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The method rests on the unproven assumption that a float-masked blend of forward-noised observed values and denoised target values yields correct conditional samples. It also assumes a direct L2 penalty on segment sums acts as classifier guidance, and relies on hand-picked hyperparameters (gamma=5.0, beta_sum, lambda_i).

free parameters (4)
  • gamma (time-dependent weight exponent) = 5.0 (from Appendix A.3)
    Eq. 9 sets omega_t = exp(-gamma t/num_timesteps); the value is chosen by hand and affects the point-control strength.
  • eta (gradient scale) = not reported
    Algorithm 1 step 10 scales the gradient by eta; no value is given, affecting reproducibility.
  • beta_sum (sum-control weights) = range {1,10,50,100} tested
    Section 3.5 Eq. 15; actual values used in reported results are not stated per experiment.
  • lambda_1, lambda_2, lambda_3 (mask reweighting) = not reported
    Eq. 12 combines local/segment/global masks; the weights are not specified.
assumptions (4)
  • ad hoc to paper A float-mask blend of forward-noised observed values and reverse-denoised target values at every step yields samples from p(x_ta | x_ob).
    Appendix A.2 aims to prove this but the proof's final step simply states the conclusion (Eq. 8-10).
  • ad hoc to paper A direct L2 penalty on segment sums is equivalent to classifier guidance for conditioning.
    Section 3.5 calls this classifier-based control but the implementation uses Lsum = (sum - target)^2 without a trained classifier p_phi.
  • standard math DDPM reverse process approximates the true score and can be conditioned via guidance.
    Section 2.3, Eqs. 1-5, standard diffusion background.
  • domain assumption The pretrained diffusion models (CSDI, Diffusion-TS) are sufficiently well-trained for the task.
    Section 4.2 uses these as backbones; the method inherits their failure modes.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of How to Unlock Time Series Editing? Diffusion-Driven Approach with Multi-Grained Control." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/J5XG4OSU

@misc{pith2026250605276,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: How to Unlock Time Series Editing? Diffusion-Driven Approach with Multi-Grained Control},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/J5XG4OSU}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2506.05276}
}
read the original abstract

Recent advances in time series generation have shown promise, yet controlling properties in generated sequences remains challenging. Time Series Editing (TSE) - making precise modifications while preserving temporal coherence - consider both point-level constraints and segment-level controls that current methods struggle to provide. We introduce the CocktailEdit framework to enable simultaneous, flexible control across different types of constraints. This framework combines two key mechanisms: a confidence-weighted anchor control for point-wise constraints and a classifier-based control for managing statistical properties such as sums and averages over segments. Our methods achieve precise local control during the denoising inference stage while maintaining temporal coherence and integrating seamlessly, with any conditionally trained diffusion-based time series models. Extensive experiments across diverse datasets and models demonstrate its effectiveness. Our work bridges the gap between pure generative modeling and real-world time series editing needs, offering a flexible solution for human-in-the-loop time series generation and editing. The code and demo are provided for validation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2506.05276 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. COCKTAILEDIT for Time Series Editing (TSE): From unconditional generation to fine￾grained controlled time series generation, including (a) point-level control using fixed points and soft points with uncertainty, (b) segment-level control including trend and statistics metrics. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Point Control The influence of confidence across datasets. The right figure is examined when enabling the dynamic error adjustment and time-dependent weight, while the left figure is not. “AllPeaks” means the average of all experiments of point-wise control. More details are in Appendix C.4 . 5.2 Segment-Wise Statistical Control Our experiments investigate two key aspects of the aggregated statistic adjustment mecha… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Normalized comparison of sum control effectiveness across datasets. Values are scaled [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (64 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Segment-wise sum control results for different datasets. The shaded area represents the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Time-dependent weight schedule during denoising process. The exponential decay ( [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in ETTh datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in fMRI datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Revenue datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_8.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Synthetic sine wave datasets with multiple control [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in ETTh datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_10.png]
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in fMRI datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_11.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Revenue datasets with multiple co’n’tr’l points [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Synthetic sine wave datasets with multiple control [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_13.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in ETTh datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_14.png]
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in fMRI datasets with multiple control points and [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p017_15.png]
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Revenue datasets with multiple control points [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_16.png]
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Demonstration of Point-Wise Control in Synthetic sine wave datasets with multiple control [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p018_17.png]
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: KDE analysis of ETTh dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_18.png]
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: KDE analysis of fMRI dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p019_19.png]
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: KDE analysis of Revenue dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_20.png]
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: KDE analysis of synthetic sine wave dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_21.png]
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: KDE analysis of ETTh dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_22.png]
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: KDE analysis of fMRI dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p021_23.png]
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: KDE analysis of Revenue dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_24.png]
Figure 25
Figure 25. Figure 25: KDE analysis of synthetic sine wave dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_25.png]
Figure 26
Figure 26. Figure 26: KDE analysis of ETTh dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_26.png]
Figure 27
Figure 27. Figure 27: KDE analysis of fMRI dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p023_27.png]
Figure 28
Figure 28. Figure 28: KDE analysis of Revenue dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_28.png]
Figure 29
Figure 29. Figure 29: KDE analysis of synthetic sine wave dataset generation. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p024_29.png]
Figure 30
Figure 30. Figure 30: Different combinations of confidence levels and target values across all datasets. (Diffusion [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_30.png]
Figure 31
Figure 31. Figure 31: Different combinations of confidence levels and target values cross all datasets. (Diffusion [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_31.png]
Figure 32
Figure 32. Figure 32: Different combinations of confidence levels and target values across all datasets. (CDSI) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p026_32.png]
Figure 33
Figure 33. Figure 33: Demonstration of Sum Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_33.png]
Figure 34
Figure 34. Figure 34: Demonstration of Sum Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_34.png]
Figure 35
Figure 35. Figure 35: Demonstration of Sum Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_35.png]
Figure 36
Figure 36. Figure 36: Demonstration of Sum Control on synthetic sine wave dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p027_36.png]
Figure 37
Figure 37. Figure 37: Demonstration of Sum Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_37.png]
Figure 38
Figure 38. Figure 38: Demonstration of Sum Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_38.png]
Figure 39
Figure 39. Figure 39: Demonstration of Sum Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_39.png]
Figure 40
Figure 40. Figure 40: Demonstration of Sum Control on synthetic sine wave dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p028_40.png]
Figure 41
Figure 41. Figure 41: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_41.png]
Figure 42
Figure 42. Figure 42: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_42.png]
Figure 43
Figure 43. Figure 43: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_43.png]
Figure 44
Figure 44. Figure 44: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on synthetic sine wave dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p029_44.png]
Figure 45
Figure 45. Figure 45: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_45.png]
Figure 46
Figure 46. Figure 46: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_46.png]
Figure 47
Figure 47. Figure 47: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_47.png]
Figure 48
Figure 48. Figure 48: Demonstration of Segment-Wise Sum Control on synthetic sine wave dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p030_48.png]
Figure 49
Figure 49. Figure 49: Kernel density estimation analysis of Revenue dataset under varying sum control targets. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_49.png]
Figure 50
Figure 50. Figure 50: Kernel density estimation visualization for ETTh dataset. Top: Sum control analysis. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p031_50.png]
Figure 51
Figure 51. Figure 51: Kernel density estimation analysis of fMRI dataset. Top: Sum control analysis. Bottom: [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_51.png]
Figure 52
Figure 52. Figure 52: Kernel density estimation analysis of synthetic sine wave dataset. Top: Sum control [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_52.png]
Figure 53
Figure 53. Figure 53: Kernel density estimation analysis of Revenue dataset under varying sum control targets. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_53.png]
Figure 54
Figure 54. Figure 54: Kernel density estimation visualization for ETTh dataset. Top: Sum control analysis. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_54.png]
Figure 55
Figure 55. Figure 55: Kernel density estimation analysis of fMRI dataset. Top: Sum control analysis. Bottom: [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_55.png]
Figure 56
Figure 56. Figure 56: Kernel density estimation analysis of synthetic sine wave dataset. Top: Sum control [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_56.png]
Figure 57
Figure 57. Figure 57: Segmented Summation Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_57.png]
Figure 58
Figure 58. Figure 58: Segmented Summation Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_58.png]
Figure 59
Figure 59. Figure 59: Segmented Summation Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_59.png]
Figure 60
Figure 60. Figure 60: Segmented Summation Control on Sine dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p034_60.png]
Figure 61
Figure 61. Figure 61: Segmented Summation Control on Revenue dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_61.png]
Figure 62
Figure 62. Figure 62: Segmented Summation Control on ETTh dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_62.png]
Figure 63
Figure 63. Figure 63: Segmented Summation Control on fMRI dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_63.png]
Figure 64
Figure 64. Figure 64: Segmented Summation Control on Sine dataset. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_64.png]
Figure 65
Figure 65. Figure 65: Comparison of achieved sum values versus target sum values across different datasets. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_65.png]
Figure 66
Figure 66. Figure 66: Demonstration of combined anchor and sum control on the Revenue dataset, showing the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p038_66.png]
Figure 67
Figure 67. Figure 67: The Screen Shot of Time Series Editor User Interface [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p039_67.png]

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