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Accelerating Earth Science Discovery via Multi-Agent LLM Systems

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arxiv 2503.05854 v1 pith:JPSAU7SE submitted 2025-03-07 cs.MA cs.AI

classification cs.MAcs.AI
keywords datageoscientificacceleratechallengesdatasetsdiscoveryearthgeosciences
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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This Perspective explores the transformative potential of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) in the geosciences. Users of geoscientific data repositories face challenges due to the complexity and diversity of data formats, inconsistent metadata practices, and a considerable number of unprocessed datasets. MAS possesses transformative potential for improving scientists' interaction with geoscientific data by enabling intelligent data processing, natural language interfaces, and collaborative problem-solving capabilities. We illustrate this approach with "PANGAEA GPT", a specialized MAS pipeline integrated with the diverse PANGAEA database for Earth and Environmental Science, demonstrating how MAS-driven workflows can effectively manage complex datasets and accelerate scientific discovery. We discuss how MAS can address current data challenges in geosciences, highlight advancements in other scientific fields, and propose future directions for integrating MAS into geoscientific data processing pipelines. In this Perspective, we show how MAS can fundamentally improve data accessibility, promote cross-disciplinary collaboration, and accelerate geoscientific discoveries.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  2. Bringing Agentic Search to Earth Observation Data Discovery

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    Agentic search over NASA EO-KG yields a 47k-pair benchmark where neural scoring plus LLM reranking raises MRR by over 5x then an additional 28%.

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    astro-ph.IM 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    A review of Earth science foundation models covering capability evolution from perception to discovery, applications across atmosphere/hydrosphere/lithosphere/biosphere/anthroposphere/cryosphere, over 200 datasets, an...

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