Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 52 of 52 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.05704.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2502.05704 v1

Coverage vector

measured 52 of 52 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.376267Z

measured 52 of 52 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

52 of 52 outbound references displayed

verified exact8
verified fuzzy1
unresolved43
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 10bd284d-9752-48d8-bf2f-17d8540a805e · outbound

This paper cites URL: " 'urlintro :=.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion URL: " 'urlintro :=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.160185Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7da5124a-8120-478b-95d5-56cbcf9b772d · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.165693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 862c5264-8ee2-473d-9be3-c09883cc9b42 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.102057Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 7f1820fd-771f-4879-ae76-0109dfd17871 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.532218Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9156f688-2870-4cdc-af74-ac7f0c768923 · outbound

This paper cites Methods for Computing Legal Document Similarity: A Comparative Study.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Methods for Computing Legal Document Similarity: A Comparative Study

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.179487Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e542d3b9-8b9f-4b79-8d5f-d7fb39dab3b4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.519240Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9dee8870-af50-438f-90bb-1b8c984ee119 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.188298Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 21d568f8-edcd-4c49-bfd3-7f42a18517a4 · outbound

This paper cites Embedding Words as Distributions with a Bayesian Skip-gram Model.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Embedding Words as Distributions with a Bayesian Skip-gram Model

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.192559Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e9ddfeb-64c2-4061-9f69-3477707f4444 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.080249Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8b942b0d-d13f-424a-a8e2-74aa78f3e51f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.201429Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8d6837d-ef24-441b-a0ad-033d1ed2981f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.057389Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 97d5a2db-67f3-4be5-92ff-edcb8ff15774 · outbound

This paper cites Visualizing and Measuring the Geometry of BERT.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Visualizing and Measuring the Geometry of BERT

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.209608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d83c2810-a938-4019-bd0e-418fc0362da1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.044208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b9c76d1c-30e8-44ef-b9a7-57e067f2a196 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.030813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation b2ae722d-2430-4d93-b87b-243ae252f7dc · outbound

This paper cites Adjusting Interpretable Dimensions in Embedding Space with Human Judgments.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Adjusting Interpretable Dimensions in Embedding Space with Human Judgments

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.738740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation c559b755-0285-42b7-b9f2-3af33c66b2be · outbound

This paper cites How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? Comparing the Geometry of BERT, ELMo, and GPT-2 Embeddings.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? Comparing the Geometry of BERT, ELMo, and GPT-2 Embeddings

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.226060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b2987542-e328-4bfa-b193-52225773801f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.017462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 77b062dc-e2eb-4a3d-8b2c-c4419d2efdfe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:45.003747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation ab87e8e8-4488-4b21-b9b1-ebd3dd23fd18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.238266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0bbee421-208c-462b-973b-8c52b005715f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.981391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 273b1fa9-0079-46d6-9f5d-5839818f245d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.968578Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8dc48c33-9703-4967-9877-2a69fdb05457 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.253761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1271a9bb-ad1c-4b70-a870-c680a7ccd0db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.257835Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95f9405c-04d7-40fb-971f-cd1a1e27449b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.955740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 9bac2b44-d251-452c-b79c-5c3e48cad4b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.487224Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6530fa38-5c1f-4c14-af57-67c5075954db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.269964Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0efcc52a-2053-4b46-b867-1e1a6a7252bb · outbound

This paper cites Liu, Matt Gardner, Yonatan Belinkov, Matthew E.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Liu, Matt Gardner, Yonatan Belinkov, Matthew E

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.273761Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4425e691-410b-43f8-b8bf-99be3d56f3ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.278009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 78013a7a-7bb3-450f-944b-82a54840dd19 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.457063Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation a78f50b6-9f7f-4878-9587-e111b3fd4992 · outbound

This paper cites Measuring Dimensions of Self-Presentation in Twitter Bios and their Links to Misinformation Sharing.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Measuring Dimensions of Self-Presentation in Twitter Bios and their Links to Misinformation Sharing

Reference 30

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.706219Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6ab4988d-3c31-4bc9-b994-b2a0b5f90ec3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.291391Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a91ef35e-2a83-4c7f-b338-f4137e02bfc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.934725Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation de7ce08d-98b3-4557-ab0b-cdd0596abae2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.922473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation f5e5a12b-34fc-4de1-9629-82c970fb2623 · outbound

This paper cites All-but-the-Top: Simple and Effective Postprocessing for Word Representations.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion All-but-the-Top: Simple and Effective Postprocessing for Word Representations

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.303469Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2e5b958-2a88-4f71-a58b-57d9c04d4f8d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.909534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 8dd22497-d78b-4e51-8178-235e0bc10da9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.896887Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 6c44498c-2b03-4f74-a3ac-9178116c8212 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.315631Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd530a33-cbe6-4387-9b08-327cece5d85a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.884415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 5d57746f-6383-4d52-a61a-94f6e1547b8c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.323494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0a0d4b87-fe2a-48fc-a335-88993f3d802f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.871841Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation abec4778-599a-4cbc-86e1-ef8d9a8e8d63 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.427104Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e2229c1b-b25a-45f9-a3d5-32eed77a13c9 · outbound

This paper cites Sewell Jr.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Sewell Jr

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.858610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation e68dbc1f-8b5e-4d11-b883-59ca07ccf3e2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.844295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 09ab4d4a-e764-476b-9d14-d4a18adeb253 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.831055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 96418402-5ad4-42fd-a77c-a20be5dd9fdf · outbound

This paper cites BERT Knows Punta Cana is not just beautiful, it's gorgeous: Ranking Scalar Adjectives with Contextualised Representations.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion BERT Knows Punta Cana is not just beautiful, it's gorgeous: Ranking Scalar Adjectives with Contextualised Representations

Reference 45

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.576592Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 96e0d664-60ec-4190-b371-349bb4dbb13b · outbound

This paper cites All Bark and No Bite: Rogue Dimensions in Transformer Language Models Obscure Representational Quality.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion All Bark and No Bite: Rogue Dimensions in Transformer Language Models Obscure Representational Quality

Reference 46

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.351378Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5247e493-d117-4b82-9657-ab3908106d42 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.818207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 10ca2492-a0ff-4592-84ad-d0fb1fe766f4 · outbound

This paper cites Word Representations via Gaussian Embedding.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Word Representations via Gaussian Embedding

Reference 48

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.359616Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ed11c8db-b318-432a-92c6-c8b7a5b42f7a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 49

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.363669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e00e414a-5811-4e52-8e6e-b7338ce656f2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.805201Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Observation 2de325fe-640f-46ea-830d-916348598555 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.371930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation faaa8d5c-5568-487e-9c19-6a6676d7d840 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Rethinking Word Similarity: Semantic Similarity through Classification Confusion Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-08T18:21:44.791815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.