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Minimal Cooling of Neutron Stars: A New Paradigm

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arxiv astro-ph/0403657 v2 pith:KZ52LIQH submitted 2004-03-29 astro-ph nucl-th

Dany Page , James M. Lattimer , Madappa Prakash , Andrew W. Steiner This is my paper · ORCID
classification astro-phnucl-th
keywords coolingminimalenhancedneutronemissionscenariostarsneutrino
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A new classification of neutron star cooling scenarios, involving either ``minimal'' cooling or ``enhanced'' cooling is proposed. The minimal cooling scenario replaces and extends the so-called standard cooling scenario to include neutrino emission from the Cooper pair breaking and formation process. This emission dominates that due to the modified Urca process for temperatures close to the critical temperature for superfluid pairing. Minimal cooling is distinguished from enhanced cooling by the absence of neutrino emission from any direct Urca process, due either to nucleons or to exotica. Within the minimal cooling scenario, theoretical cooling models can be considered to be a four parameter family involving the equation of state of dense matter, superfluid properties of dense matter, the composition of the neutron star envelope, and the mass of the neutron star. Consequences of minimal cooling are explored through extensive variations of these parameters. Results are compared with the inferred properties of thermally-emitting neutron stars in order to ascertain if enhanced cooling occurs in any of them. All stars for which thermal emissions have been clearly detected are at least marginally consistent with the lack of enhanced cooling. The two pulsars PSR 0833-45 (Vela) and PSR 1706-44 would require enhanced cooling in case their ages and/or temperatures are on the lower side of their estimated values whereas the four stars PSR 0656+14, PSR 1055-52, Geminga, and RX J0720.4-3125 may require some source of internal heating in case their age and/or luminosity are on the upper side of their estimated values. The new upper limits on the thermal luminosity of PSR J0205+6449 and RX J0007.0+7302 are indicative of the occurrence of some enhanced neutrino emission beyond the minimal scenario.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. A self-consistent single-fluid framework for neutron stars admixed with mirror dark matter

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Mirror dark matter admixture via mutual mean-field shifts softens the nuclear EOS, raises central densities, lowers maximum masses, and moves the direct Urca onset to higher or lower masses depending on symmetry-energ...

  2. Cooling of Hybrid Stars with a 2SC+$<dd>$ Phase

    nucl-th 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

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  3. Hybrid stars among mass gap objects are excluded by twin stars at $1.4\,M_\odot$

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Mass-gap compact objects could be hybrid stars only with very early deconfinement and stiff quark matter; confirming 1.4 M⊙ twin stars would cap hybrid-star maximum mass below 2.2 M⊙.

  4. Probing freeze-in dark matter using Bose-Einstein condensate in neutron star

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  5. Revealing the internal magnetic field configuration of magnetars via their associated periodic signals

    astro-ph.HE 2025-01 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Using observed precession periods and surface temperatures, the authors constrain the internal fields of four magnetars and two FRB hosts, finding toroidal field strengths of order 10^15 G and a toroidal distribution ...

  6. Probing Neutron Star Interiors and the Properties of Cold Ultra-dense Matter with the SKAO

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 accept novelty 3.5 of 10

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  7. The equation of state for neutron stars

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    A textbook-style review of the neutron-star equation of state covering the models, experimental and observational constraints, and open questions, with no new result claimed or derived.

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