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The stable "Unstable Natural Media" due to the presence of turbulence
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The stable "Unstable Natural Media" due to the presence of turbulence
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The term "unstable neutral media" (UNM) has traditionally been used to describe the transient phase formed between the warm and cold neutral hydrogen (HI) phases and has not been the focus of HI studies. However, recent observations suggest that the UNM phase not only has a significantly longer-than-expected lifetime but also occupies at least 20\% to 40\% of both the volume and mass fraction of HI. In this paper, we argue that the existence and dominance of the UNM can be explained by the presence of strong turbulence using an energy balance argument. The mass fraction of UNM is directly proportional to the turbulent velocity dispersion $\sigma_v$: mass fraction of UNM $\propto \sigma_v^{\frac{2n}{1+n}}$, where $n$ is the absolute value of the adiabatic index in the unstable phase. We discuss the implications of long-lived unstable thermal phases on ISM physics, including cold dense filament formation, cosmic ray acceleration, and measurement of galactic foreground statistics.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Galactic Dust Polarization in Turbulent Multiphase ISM: On the Origin of the $EE/BB$ Asymmetry
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The Effects of Cosmic Ray Protons on Galactic Nonthermal Filaments
MHD simulations of proton- versus lepton-dominated cosmic rays in nonthermal filaments show minimal observable differences and motivate a turbulence-based formation scenario for Galactic Center NTFs.
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Gas Phase Distribution in the Neutral ISM: A Comparison between Observation and Numerical Simulation
Observational modeling of GWA and LAB survey spectra yields 19.8% CNM, 32.5% UNM and 47.8% WNM, in agreement with the TIGRESS-NCR simulation under fixed spin-temperature boundaries.
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