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REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 48 references

Marginal-Fermi-Liquid-like Behavior without Pseudogap in Infinite-Layer Nickelates

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-01 · deepseek-v4-flash

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Pith's one-line read Superconducting nickelates exhibit marginal-Fermi-liquid scattering without a cuprate-like pseudogap.

desk verdict First quasiparticle-resolved ARPES in infinite-layer nickelates with an honest no-pseudogap null, but the benchmark contrast with cuprates leans on a self-cited p≈0.09 that the paper should re-derive. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.16852 v1 pith:L7ZJNFYM submitted 2026-07-18 cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el

Yu Fan , Zhitong An , Xiang Ding , Xingtian Sun , Yutong Chen , Zhihui Chen , Shenglin Tang , Chihao Li
show 5 more authors
Jiahao Ye Timur Kim Haichao Xu Rui Peng Donglai Feng
This is my paper
classification cond-mat.supr-concond-mat.str-el PACS 74.25.Jb79.60.-i71.27.+
keywords nickelatessuperconductivitypseudogapmarginalFermiliquidARPESself-energystrangemetalinfinite-layer
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper tries to establish that superconducting infinite-layer nickelates, despite sharing a cuprate-like Fermi surface and strange-metal transport, do not exhibit a cuprate-like pseudogap in their normal state. Using angle-resolved photoemission, it finds that the imaginary part of the self-energy is approximately linear in energy with a slope that grows from the nodal to the antinodal direction — a marginal-Fermi-liquid-like signature — while the Fermi surface remains fully gapless, with no leading-edge shift or back-bending. This matters because it disentangles two phenomena that are entangled in cuprates: momentum-selective correlations and strange-metal scattering need not come packaged with a pseudogap. If the claim holds, theories of high-temperature superconductivity must treat the pseudogap as a cuprate-specific ingredient rather than a universal normal-state precondition.

What carries the argument

The central object is the momentum-resolved single-particle spectral function measured by angle-resolved photoemission on high-quality infinite-layer films, together with the imaginary part of the self-energy extracted from it. The linear-in-energy shape of ImΣ and its momentum-dependent slope serve as a fingerprint of marginal-Fermi-liquid-like scattering, while the search for a pseudogap is carried out through leading-edge shifts, back-bending of the dispersion, and the persistence of finite spectral weight at the Fermi level.

What would settle it

A decisive test would be a higher-resolution ARPES experiment with energy resolution better than 1 meV that resolves a leading-edge shift or back-bending near (π,0) in these films, or an independent determination of the actual hole doping showing it is far from the cuprate pseudogap regime (below p≈0.05, say), which would weaken the null result.

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Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim, stated in the paper's own words, is that 'superconducting infinite-layer nickelates do not require a detectable cuprate-like pseudogap in the normal-state single-particle spectrum.' The evidence is a set of ARPES spectra on La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 and LaNiO2 films: quasiparticle peaks crossing the Fermi level at all measured momenta, leading edges pinned at EF, no back-bending of the dispersion, and a self-energy ImΣ(ω) that is linear in energy over a 150 meV range, with its slope increasing from (π/2,π/2) to (π,0). In the parent LaNiO2, the same gapless crossings appear together with a stronger suppression of low-energy spectral weight toward (π,0).

Load-bearing premise

The comparison with cuprates relies on the assumption that the parent LaNiO2 has an effective hole doping of about p≈0.09 in the Ni 3dx²−y² band, a value taken from an earlier photoemission study rather than measured in these films.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • If the nickelate normal state is indeed gapless, the pseudogap cannot be a prerequisite for high-temperature superconductivity in 3d9-derived materials.
  • The momentum-dependent suppression of spectral weight toward (π,0) without gap formation provides a separate axis—correlation anisotropy—that theories of strange metals must reproduce.
  • The contrast with hole-doped cuprates points to charge-transfer energy and doped-hole orbital character as controlling parameters for pseudogap formation.
  • The observed marginal-Fermi-liquid-like self-energy in a material with multiband electronic structure suggests that strange-metal phenomenology can arise without a single-band Mott picture.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • A natural extension, not pursued in the paper, is to measure even lower dopings or apply strain to see whether a pseudogap eventually develops; the paper's framework predicts it may not appear unless charge-transfer energy is tuned toward the cuprate limit.
  • The results imply that theories based on preformed pairs or density-wave order as the universal pseudogap cause need to explain why those orders are absent here.
  • If confirmed with independent probes such as scanning tunneling spectroscopy, the gapless antinodal spectrum would make infinite-layer nickelates a clearer testbed for purely dynamical (momentum-dependent self-energy) theories of strange metals.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper reports an ARPES study of superconducting La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 and parent LaNiO2 thin films. The authors claim that the low-energy spectral function of the Ni 3dx2-y2 band shows no detectable pseudogap: leading edges remain pinned at EF, MDCs disperse continuously through (pi,0) without back-bending, and finite spectral weight persists around the entire Fermi surface. In the optimally doped film, ImSigma(omega) is reported to be approximately linear in energy with a slope that increases from the nodal direction toward (pi,0), which the authors interpret as momentum-dependent marginal-Fermi-liquid-like scattering. Both films show a progressive suppression of low-energy spectral weight toward (pi,0), stronger in the parent compound. The authors conclude that superconducting infinite-layer nickelates do not require a cuprate-like pseudogap in the normal-state single-particle spectrum, and that hole doping of a 3d9-derived electronic structure is by itself insufficient to generate such a pseudogap. The paper explicitly acknowledges a ~2 meV gap-detection limit and a residual-disorder caveat, and it takes the effective hole doping p~0.09 of LaNiO2 from ref. 12.

Significance. If correct, this result is significant: it would decouple pseudogap formation from the strange-metal phenomenology and superconductivity in a 3d9-derived system, providing a benchmark for theories of high-temperature superconductivity. The paper's strengths are its improved film quality enabling quasiparticle-resolved ARPES, the directness of the central null result (no leading-edge shift, no back-bending), and the honest statement of the detection limit. The MFL-like self-energy analysis, if robust, would add a quantitative momentum-resolved constraint. However, the force of the 'no pseudogap in the underdoped-like regime' conclusion depends on the assumed p~0.09 of LaNiO2, which is imported from a self-cited prior study and not re-derived; this is the main load-bearing uncertainty. The optimally doped sample alone (p~0.29, if ref. 12 is used) would not distinguish nickelates from cuprates, since cuprates also lack a pseudogap at that doping.

major comments (3)
  1. [Implications for the nickelate phase diagram; Fig. 5e caption] The underdoped-anchor claim rests on p~0.09 for LaNiO2, taken from ref. 12, an overlapping-authorship prior study, and not re-derived from the present higher-quality data. If the true effective hole doping of the Ni 3dx2-y2 band is materially higher (closer to optimal or overdoped), the absence of a pseudogap in LaNiO2 becomes unremarkable, and the central comparison with underdoped cuprates loses its force. Please provide an independent estimate of p from the current data (e.g., Luttinger volume of the alpha and beta bands, or a quantitative band-filling analysis) and state the uncertainty. At minimum, give the range of p over which the conclusion 'this is the doping regime where cuprates show a well-developed pseudogap' remains valid.
  2. [Fig. 2e; Supplementary Note III] The claim of marginal-Fermi-liquid-like scattering rests on the linearity of ImSigma(omega) and on the monotonic increase of its slope from (pi/2,pi/2) to (pi,0). The extraction procedure is only in Supplementary Note III, and the main text shows no error bars, fitting ranges, or residuals for the five displayed curves. Without this information, 'approximately linear' and 'monotonically increasing' are not quantitatively supported. Please present the inversion method (bare-band dispersion, background subtraction, resolution deconvolution, treatment of the intercept at EF) and error estimates for the slopes. This is necessary to assess whether the momentum dependence is intrinsic rather than an artifact of the extraction.
  3. [Figs. 5a-d] The momentum-dependent spectral-weight suppression (ratios 0.71 in LaNiO2 vs 0.81 in La0.8Ca0.2NiO2) is used to support momentum-selective correlations. The authors correctly note matrix-element effects in Fig. 2a,b and state that such effects are weak for LaNiO2, but no quantitative control is shown. Please report how the integrated intensity ratios are stable against photon energy, sample orientation, and choice of equivalent Brillouin zones, or provide the Supplementary Fig. S6/S8 analysis in the main text. Otherwise the apparent doping-dependent anisotropy could be partly a matrix-element or residual-disorder effect, especially given the acknowledged disorder caveat.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Fig. 3 caption] Typo: 'as indicated by the arrows in arrows in panels (c) and (d)' should read 'as indicated by the arrows in panels (c) and (d)'.
  2. [Abstract and throughout] The experimental energy resolution is not stated. Since the ~2 meV gap-detection limit is a central calibration, please quote the total energy resolution and how the one-fifth rule from ref. 32 is applied.
  3. [Fig. 5e] The phase diagram is schematic. Please indicate that the no-pseudogap region is bounded by the ~2 meV detection limit and by the two measured dopings, and add uncertainty bars on the p values.
  4. [Fig. 4c discussion] The slanted dashed lines and red open circles used to evaluate leading-edge shifts are defined only in the caption. A sentence in the main text describing the criterion for a 'shift' would help the reader.
  5. [Introduction, ref. 47] Ref. 47 reported 'pseudogaplike behavior' in LaNiO2 from Knight-shift measurements. The text cites it but does not explicitly reconcile the different observable (spin susceptibility vs single-particle spectral function). A brief clarification would strengthen the paper.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 2.0 of 10

Central ARPES observations (pinned leading edges, gapless crossings, linear ImSigma) are direct and self-contained; the only load-bearing self-citation is the LaNiO2 effective doping p~0.09 imported from ref. 12 without re-derivation.

  1. self citation load bearing [Section 'Momentum-dependent spectral function of LaNiO2' (p. 5) and Fig. 5e caption (p. 16)]
    "Its effective hole concentration in the dx2−y2 band has been estimated to be p∼0.09 (ref. 12), placing it in a doping regime where the pseudogap is well developed in hole-doped cuprates. ... The effective hole doping p of the Ni 3dx2−y2 band is taken from ref. 12."

    The significance of the central null result — that superconducting infinite-layer nickelates do not require a cuprate-like pseudogap — rests on LaNiO2 being at effective hole doping p≈0.09, the doping where hole-doped cuprates show a well-developed 30–50 meV pseudogap. That value is imported from ref. 12, a prior ARPES/LDA study sharing authorship with the present paper, and it is not re-derived from the new higher-quality data presented here. If the true self-doping were substantially higher, the absence of a pseudogap would be unremarkable. However, the gapless spectra, pinned leading edges, and approximately linear ImSigma are direct observations of this paper rather than outputs of the p estimate, so the self-citation inflates the interpretive force of the null result without producing

full rationale

The derivation chain is largely observational and self-contained. ImSigma(omega) is extracted from the ARPES spectra and reported as approximately linear in energy with a slope increasing from (pi/2,pi/2) toward (pi,0); no equation in the paper constructs this finding from its own assumptions, and the comparison is made against the Fermi-liquid quadratic expectation. The absence of a pseudogap is established by direct EDC/MDC evidence — leading edges pinned at EF, continuous dispersion to the Fermi level, no back-bending — for both the alpha and beta bands in both La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 and LaNiO2. The paper states a gap-detection limit of about 2 meV (one-fifth of the energy resolution, ref. 32) and compares this against externally cited cuprate pseudogap scales (refs. 8, 30, 31), which is a genuine external benchmark. No parameter fitted within this work is re-presented as a prediction of an independent quantity. The one load-bearing self-citation is the effective hole doping p≈0.09 of LaNiO2 taken from ref. 12, acknowledged in the Fig. 5e caption as 'taken from ref. 12.' Ref. 12 is a peer-reviewed ARPES/LDA study by overlapping authors, and the estimate is imported rather than re-derived from the improved data; this is a citation dependency that affects the significance of the null result but does not define or generate the observed spectral quantities. Because the central observations stand independent of the p value, the circularity is limited to an interpretive calibration, consistent with a score of 2.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claims are empirical observations; the ledger items are the inputs that give those observations meaning: a self-cited doping calibration, a sensitivity rule of thumb, a matrix-element control, and a quasi-2D assumption. No new entities are postulated.

free parameters (2)
  • ImΣ(ω) linear-fit slope (per momentum cut) = increases from (π/2,π/2) toward (π,0); plotted up to ~300 meV in Fig. 2e
    The extracted slope is both the headline evidence for marginal-Fermi-liquid behavior and a fitted number; its extraction procedure is deferred to Supplementary Note III and no error bars are given.
  • Resistivity power-law exponent α = 1.14 for the sample in Fig. 1c; 'closer to unity' in a higher-quality sample
    Fit R(T)=cT^α+R0 to support strange-metal-like transport; supporting evidence only, not load-bearing for the ARPES claims.
assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption LaNiO2 has effective hole doping p≈0.09 in the Ni 3dx2−y2 band (ref. 12)
    Stated in the LaNiO2 section and Fig. 5e; the parent is thereby placed in the cuprate doping window where a 30–50 meV pseudogap is expected. The estimate comes from a self-authored prior ARPES/LDA study and is not re-derived here.
  • domain assumption Leading-edge analysis can detect gaps down to ~2 meV, about one-fifth of the ~10 meV energy resolution
    Used to bound the null result; a standard ARPES rule of thumb cited to ref. 32, not an independently measured sensitivity for these films.
  • domain assumption The node-to-(π,0) spectral-weight suppression is not a matrix-element artifact
    Stated with a cross-check at 102 eV (Fig. 4a; Supplementary Fig. S6); the full control is not visible in the arXiv text.
  • domain assumption The α band is quasi-two-dimensional so that small kz deviations do not affect the dispersion analysis
    Invoked for the LaNiO2 measurements; reasonable for a layered nickelate but unverified here.

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Pith. "Pith review of Marginal-Fermi-Liquid-like Behavior without Pseudogap in Infinite-Layer Nickelates." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/L7ZJNFYM

@misc{pith2026260716852,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Marginal-Fermi-Liquid-like Behavior without Pseudogap in Infinite-Layer Nickelates},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/L7ZJNFYM}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.16852}
}
read the original abstract

Pseudogap formation, strange-metal behavior and unconventional superconductivity are closely intertwined in hole-doped cuprates, yet their relationship remains unresolved. Infinite-layer nickelates offer a distinct 3d9-derived platform to address this question by combining a cuprate-like Ni dx2-y2 Fermi surface with multiband electronic degrees of freedom. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to resolve the low-energy spectral function of superconducting La0.8Ca0.2NiO2 and parent LaNiO2 thin films. In La0.8Ca0.2NiO2, the electronic self-energy Im Sigma(omega) is approximately linear in energy and its slope increases from (pi/2, pi/2) to (pi, 0), revealing momentum-dependent marginal-Fermi-liquid-like scattering. Both films show a progressive suppression of low-energy spectral weight from the diagonal direction toward (pi, 0), with stronger suppression in parent LaNiO2. However, finite Fermi-level spectral weight persists around the entire Fermi surface, with no leading-edge shift or back-bending indicative of pseudogap formation in either the electron pocket or the cuprate-like hole band. Our results demonstrate that momentum-selective correlations and marginal-Fermi-liquid-like scattering can occur without a detectable cuprate-like pseudogap, providing a benchmark for identifying the essential normal-state electronic ingredients of high-temperature superconductivity.

Figures

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Figure 1
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Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p013_2.png] view at source ↗
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Figure 3. FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p014_3.png] view at source ↗
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Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p015_4.png]
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Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p016_5.png]

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