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Learning marginals suffices!

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arxiv 2303.08938 v2 pith:LMPAOMKU submitted 2023-03-15 quant-ph

classification quant-ph
keywords quantumcomplexitystatecircuitlearningmarginalssamplesuffices
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Beyond computer science, quantum complexity theory can potentially revolutionize multiple branches of physics, ranging from quantum many-body systems to quantum field theory. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the sample complexity of learning a quantum state and the circuit complexity of the state. The circuit complexity of a quantum state refers to the minimum depth of the quantum circuit necessary to implement it. We show that learning its marginals for the quantum state with low circuit complexity suffices for state tomography, thus breaking the exponential barrier of the sample complexity for quantum state tomography. Our proof is elementary and overcomes difficulties characterizing short-range entanglement by bridging quantum circuit complexity and ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians. Our result, for example, settles the quantum circuit complexity of the multi-qubit GHZ state exactly.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Quantum state determinability from local marginals is universally robust

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 8.0 of 10

    Unique determinability of multipartite quantum states from local marginals is robust to small errors, with global deviations bounded by a power law, linear robustness certifiable by SDP, and applications to scalable e...

  2. Certifying Quantum States with Uniform Measurements

    quant-ph 2025-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Uniform (global) measurements suffice to efficiently certify a family of graph states, with a provable performance guarantee.

  3. Pauli Measurements Are Near-Optimal for Single-Qubit Tomography

    quant-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Single-qubit measurements need Ω(10^N/(√N ε²)) copies for N-qubit tomography, matching the Pauli-measurement upper bound up to a √N factor.

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