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Visual Prompt Tuning

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arxiv 2203.12119 v2 pith:LSJXXDE7 submitted 2022-03-23 cs.CV

classification cs.CV
keywords tuningfine-tuningfullmodelmodelsparametersbackboneefficient
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The current modus operandi in adapting pre-trained models involves updating all the backbone parameters, ie, full fine-tuning. This paper introduces Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) as an efficient and effective alternative to full fine-tuning for large-scale Transformer models in vision. Taking inspiration from recent advances in efficiently tuning large language models, VPT introduces only a small amount (less than 1% of model parameters) of trainable parameters in the input space while keeping the model backbone frozen. Via extensive experiments on a wide variety of downstream recognition tasks, we show that VPT achieves significant performance gains compared to other parameter efficient tuning protocols. Most importantly, VPT even outperforms full fine-tuning in many cases across model capacities and training data scales, while reducing per-task storage cost.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Fine-tuning Multi-modal LLMs with ART: Art-based Reinforcement Training

    cs.LG 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    ART optimizes visual pixel inputs to frozen MLLMs to achieve LoRA-competitive accuracy on math and structured tool-use benchmarks without modifying computational graphs.

  2. Compared to What? Baselines and Metrics for Counterfactual Prompting

    cs.CL 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Counterfactual prompting effects on LLMs are often indistinguishable from those caused by meaning-preserving paraphrases, causing most previously reported demographic sensitivities to disappear under proper statistica...

  3. Visual prompting reimagined: The power of the Activation Prompts

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Activation prompts on intermediate layers outperform input-level visual prompting and parameter-efficient fine-tuning in accuracy and efficiency across 29 datasets.

  4. Learning Yourself: Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation with Language-Inspired Bootstrapped Disentanglement

    cs.CV 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A language-guided bootstrapped disentanglement framework reduces class and background entanglement in continual semantic segmentation, improving state-of-the-art on VOC and ADE20k.

  5. Invisible Watermarks, Visible Gains: Steering Machine Unlearning with Bi-Level Watermarking Design

    cs.CR 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Water4MU tunes an invisible watermark on data so that machine unlearning algorithms can remove requested images more effectively, beating prior methods on 'challenging forgets'.

  6. LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Data

    cs.CV 2024-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    LLaVA-Video-178K is a new synthetic video instruction dataset that, when combined with existing data to train LLaVA-Video, produces strong results on video understanding benchmarks.

  7. Robust Adaptation of Foundation Models with Black-Box Visual Prompting

    cs.CV 2024-07 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    BlackVIP adapts foundation models via a Coordinator for input-dependent visual prompts and SPSA-GC for gradient estimation, enabling robust transfer on 19 datasets with low memory use and a link to randomized smoothin...

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