pith. sign in

arxiv: 2605.19676 · v1 · pith:M5FALSLZnew · submitted 2026-05-19 · ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

Gautier Creutzer (LEPO , LKB (Jussieu)) , Quentin Fernez (IPCM) , Nataliya Kalashnyk (NCM - IEMN , IEMN) , Zohreh Safarzadeh (PHENIX) , Lydia Sosa Vargas (IPCM) , C\'eline Fiorini-Debuisschert (LEPO)
show 2 more authors
Nicolas Fabre (LEPO) Fabrice Charra (LEPO)
This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-20 03:48 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ❄️ cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords zinc phthalocyaninegrapheneannealingshuttlecock geometryphase changescanning tunneling microscopyself-assemblyphotophysical properties
0
0 comments X p. Extension
pith:M5FALSLZ Add to your LaTeX paper What is a Pith Number? 
\usepackage{pith}
\pithnumber{M5FALSLZ}

Prints a linked pith:M5FALSLZ badge after your title and writes the identifier into PDF metadata. Compiles on arXiv with no extra files. Learn more

The pith

Annealing reorients zinc phthalocyanine on graphene from planar to shuttlecock geometry.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Annealing causes a phase change in a self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine monolayer on graphene. The molecules are confined in pores of a 2D matrix to allow observation of individual behavior by scanning tunneling microscopy and optical microspectroscopy. The change is described as a shift from planar-square to shuttlecock shape. This exposes the zinc atoms more effectively to reactants in a solution, aiding metal-ligand formation for 3D self-assembly.

Core claim

We report the demonstration and analysis of a 2D phase change in a self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine monolayer adsorbed on graphene using combined scanning-tunneling-microscopy and optical microspectroscopy. By confining molecules within the pores of a self-assembled 2D matrix, a phase change induced by annealing is tracked and discussed as a planar-square to shuttlecock molecular transition. After annealing, the exposition of Zn atoms to reactants in a supernatant solution is improved, for example for metal-ligand formation towards 3D self-assembly.

What carries the argument

The annealing-induced 2D phase change from planar-square to shuttlecock molecular geometry in the confined ZnPc monolayer on graphene.

If this is right

  • Improved access of zinc atoms to supernatant reactants enables metal-ligand complexation.
  • This paves the way for building 3D self-assembled structures from the 2D layer.
  • Photophysical properties of the monolayer are altered by the structural transition.
  • The confinement method allows precise tracking of molecular reorientation at the nanoscale.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The shuttlecock configuration may enhance catalytic activity of the zinc centers in surface reactions.
  • This technique of thermal annealing could be applied to other metal-organic molecules on graphene or similar 2D materials to control orientation.
  • Future work might explore if the phase change is reversible under different conditions.
  • It suggests a route to hybrid organic-inorganic 3D architectures via sequential self-assembly.

Load-bearing premise

That the changes seen in microscopy and spectroscopy arise specifically from molecules flipping into a shuttlecock shape rather than from other rearrangements or interactions with the graphene.

What would settle it

A measurement showing that zinc atoms remain equally inaccessible to ligands after annealing, or STM images revealing no change in apparent molecular height, would disprove the improved exposure via reorientation.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.19676 by C\'eline Fiorini-Debuisschert (LEPO), Fabrice Charra (LEPO), Gautier Creutzer (LEPO, Iemn), LKB (Jussieu)), Lydia Sosa Vargas (IPCM), Nataliya Kalashnyk (NCM - IEMN, Nicolas Fabre (LEPO), Quentin Fernez (IPCM), Zohreh Safarzadeh (PHENIX).

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: a: micro-absorption spectra of a ZnPc:TSB35-C12 self-assembled monolayer on CVD graphene before (blue), and after 30-min annealing (purple) and 3- h annealing (red) at 80°C. Baselines corresponding to the average graphene absorption has been subtracted and the curves have been vertically shifted for clarity. b: spatial variations of the corresponding transmission spectra, represented in pseudocolor, as rec… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Raman scattering microspectroscopy excited at 633 nm for a ZnPc:TSB35- C12 self-assembled monolayer on CVD graphene before (blue) and after (red) 3-h annealing at 80°C. The Raman photon counts are acquired with the same acquisition time and excitation intensity so that the amplitudes can be compared. The main three central peaks (1543 cm-1 , 1472 cm-1 and 1374 cm-1 ) discussed in the text are highlighted. … view at source ↗
read the original abstract

We report the demonstration and analysis by combined scanning-tunneling-microscopy and optical microspectroscopy of a 2D phase change experienced by a self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) monolayer adsorbed on graphene. To probe the intrinsic properties of individual ZnPc molecules, they are spatially confined within the pores of a self-assembled 2D matrix. This confinement allows us to track a phase change induced by annealing, which we discuss in terms of a planar-square to shuttlecock molecular transition. We show that after annealing of the adsorbed ZnPc, the exposition of Zn atoms to reactants in a supernatant solution is improved, for example, for metal-ligand formation towards 3D self-assembly.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

3 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports combined STM and optical microspectroscopy observations of an annealing-induced 2D phase change in a self-assembled ZnPc monolayer on graphene. The authors interpret changes in STM contrast and optical spectra as a transition from planar-square to shuttlecock molecular geometry that improves Zn-atom exposure to supernatant reactants, with potential implications for metal-ligand coordination and 3D assembly.

Significance. If the geometric assignment is confirmed, the result would provide a practical route to reorient metal centers in 2D molecular layers on graphene, relevant to interface design for catalysis and sensing. The dual STM/optical approach is a strength for correlating structure with photophysical response.

major comments (3)
  1. [STM results] STM results section: the central claim that annealing produces a shuttlecock geometry with improved Zn exposure rests on qualitative contrast changes without reported quantitative apparent-height measurements or line profiles that would directly confirm an out-of-plane Zn displacement relative to the molecular plane.
  2. [Discussion] Discussion of molecular transition: no DFT-simulated STM images or calculated LDOS for the proposed shuttlecock orientation on graphene are provided to test whether the observed contrast is consistent with that geometry rather than altered packing or electronic effects from the substrate.
  3. [Methods and results] Experimental controls: the manuscript lacks control experiments (e.g., annealing on different substrates or at varied coverages) that would distinguish the reorientation interpretation from alternatives such as changes in molecular packing density or graphene doping shifts.
minor comments (2)
  1. [Figure 2] Figure captions should explicitly state the annealing temperature, duration, and ambient conditions used for the post-anneal images.
  2. [Optical microspectroscopy] Optical spectra: the assignment of specific peak shifts to the shuttlecock geometry would benefit from a brief comparison to literature spectra of known ZnPc orientations.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 1 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive assessment of our manuscript and for the constructive comments. We address each major comment in turn below, indicating where revisions will be made.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [STM results] STM results section: the central claim that annealing produces a shuttlecock geometry with improved Zn exposure rests on qualitative contrast changes without reported quantitative apparent-height measurements or line profiles that would directly confirm an out-of-plane Zn displacement relative to the molecular plane.

    Authors: We agree that quantitative apparent-height data would strengthen the geometric assignment. In the revised manuscript we will add measured apparent heights together with line profiles extracted from the STM images before and after annealing to document the out-of-plane displacement. revision: yes

  2. Referee: [Discussion] Discussion of molecular transition: no DFT-simulated STM images or calculated LDOS for the proposed shuttlecock orientation on graphene are provided to test whether the observed contrast is consistent with that geometry rather than altered packing or electronic effects from the substrate.

    Authors: We acknowledge that DFT-simulated images and LDOS maps would provide an independent test of the contrast origin. Our interpretation currently rests on the joint STM and optical microspectroscopy evidence, which shows photophysical changes consistent with altered Zn exposure. In revision we will expand the discussion to address alternative explanations (packing-density changes or substrate doping) and will note that comprehensive DFT validation lies beyond the present scope. revision: partial

  3. Referee: [Methods and results] Experimental controls: the manuscript lacks control experiments (e.g., annealing on different substrates or at varied coverages) that would distinguish the reorientation interpretation from alternatives such as changes in molecular packing density or graphene doping shifts.

    Authors: We accept that additional controls would help exclude alternatives. We will revise the text to show how the optical spectral shifts are inconsistent with simple graphene doping and how the fixed 2D-matrix confinement limits packing-density variations. New annealing runs on other substrates or at different coverages, however, require fresh sample preparation and are not feasible for this revision cycle. revision: partial

standing simulated objections not resolved
  • New control experiments on alternative substrates or coverages cannot be performed without additional sample fabrication and measurement time.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No circularity: purely observational experimental report with no derivations or fitted predictions

full rationale

The manuscript describes STM imaging and optical microspectroscopy measurements of ZnPc monolayers on graphene before and after annealing, reporting observed changes in contrast and spectra that are interpreted as a planar-to-shuttlecock reorientation. No equations, parameter fits, predictions, or derivation chains appear in the provided text. The central claim rests on direct experimental comparison rather than any reduction of a result to its own inputs by construction. Per the enumerated patterns, none of self-definitional, fitted-input-called-prediction, self-citation load-bearing, or related circularities are present; the work is self-contained against external benchmarks as an empirical study.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 2 axioms · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard experimental assumptions in surface science rather than new theoretical constructs or fitted parameters.

axioms (2)
  • domain assumption STM topographic contrast directly reflects molecular orientation (planar vs shuttlecock)
    The phase change identification depends on this standard interpretation of tunneling images.
  • domain assumption Annealing does not alter the graphene substrate or induce desorption that would mimic the observed change
    The attribution of the transition to molecular reconfiguration assumes substrate stability.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5724 in / 1280 out tokens · 37417 ms · 2026-05-20T03:48:18.302971+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

53 extracted references · 53 canonical work pages · 1 internal anchor

  1. [1]

    Gobbi, M.; Orgiu, E.; Samorì, P. Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 2018, 30, 1706103. doi:10.1002/adma.201706103

    work page doi:10.1002/adma.201706103 2018

  2. [2]

    A.; Rinzler, A

    Berke, K.; Tongay, S.; McCarthy, M. A.; Rinzler, A. G.; Appleton, B. R.; Hebard, A. F. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2012, 24, 255802. doi:10.1088/0953 - 8984/24/25/255802

    work page doi:10.1088/0953 2012

  3. [3]

    H.; Santos, E

    Kim, K.; Lee, T. H.; Santos, E. J. G.; Jo, P. S.; Salleo, A.; Nishi, Y.; Bao, Z. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 5922–5928. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b00581

    work page doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b00581 2015

  4. [4]

    -H.; Carta, F.; Nam, C

    Hlaing, H.; Kim, C. -H.; Carta, F.; Nam, C. -Y.; Barton, R. A.; Petrone, N.; Hone, J.; Kymissis, I. Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 69–74. doi:10.1021/nl5029599

    work page doi:10.1021/nl5029599 2015

  5. [5]

    H.; Park, J.; Sim, S

    Lee, W. H.; Park, J.; Sim, S. H.; Lim, S.; Kim, K. S.; Hong, B. H.; Cho, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4447–4454. doi:10.1021/ja1097463

    work page doi:10.1021/ja1097463 2011

  6. [6]

    O.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X

    Liu, Y.; Zhou, H.; Weiss, N. O.; Huang, Y.; Duan, X. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 11102– 11108. doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b04612

    work page doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b04612 2015

  7. [7]

    Han, J.; Wang, J.; Yang, M.; Kong, X.; Chen, X.; Huang, Z.; Guo, H.; Gou, J.; Tao, S.; Liu, Z.; Wu, Z.; Jiang, Y.; Wang, X. Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 2018, 30, 1804020. doi:10.1002/adma.201804020

    work page doi:10.1002/adma.201804020 2018

  8. [8]

    H.; Shulga, A

    Huisman, E. H.; Shulga, A. G.; Zomer, P. J.; Tombros, N.; Bartesaghi, D.; Bisri, S. Z.; Loi, M. A.; Koster, L. J. A.; Van Wees, B. J. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 11083–11088. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b00610

    work page doi:10.1021/acsami.5b00610 2015

  9. [9]

    Liu, Z.; Li, J.; Yan, F. Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 2013, 25, 4296 –4301. doi:10.1002/adma.201205337

    work page doi:10.1002/adma.201205337 2013

  10. [10]

    A.; Kim, K

    Park, H.; Rowehl, J. A.; Kim, K. K.; Bulovic, V.; Kong, J. Nanotechnology 2010, 21, 505204. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/50/505204

    work page doi:10.1088/0957-4484/21/50/505204 2010

  11. [11]

    -H.; Lee, C

    Lee, G. -H.; Lee, C. -H.; Van Der Zande, A. M.; Han, M.; Cui, X.; Arefe, G.; Nuckolls, C.; Heinz, T. F.; Hone, J.; Kim, P. APL Materials 2014, 2, 092511. doi:10.1063/1.4894435

    work page doi:10.1063/1.4894435 2014

  12. [12]

    D.; Edman, L

    Matyba, P.; Yamaguchi, H.; Chhowalla, M.; Robinson, N. D.; Edman, L. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 574–580. doi:10.1021/nn102704h

    work page doi:10.1021/nn102704h 2011

  13. [13]

    -H.; Kymissis, I

    Kim, C. -H.; Kymissis, I. J. Mater. Chem. C 2017, 5, 4598 –4613. doi:10.1039/C7TC00664K

    work page doi:10.1039/c7tc00664k 2017

  14. [14]

    -H.; Hlaing, H.; Yang, S.; Bonnassieux, Y.; Horowitz, G.; Kymissis, I

    Kim, C. -H.; Hlaing, H.; Yang, S.; Bonnassieux, Y.; Horowitz, G.; Kymissis, I. Organic Electronics 2014, 15, 1724–1730. doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.039 22

    work page doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.04.039 2014

  15. [15]

    A.; Lessard, B

    Melville, O. A.; Lessard, B. H.; Bender, T. P. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 13105–13118. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01718

    work page doi:10.1021/acsami.5b01718 2015

  16. [16]

    Gregory, P. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2000, 4, 432 –437. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1409(200006/07)4:4<432::AID-JPP254>3.3.CO;2-E

    work page doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(200006/07)4:4 2000

  17. [17]

    G.; Torres, T

    De La Torre, G.; Claessens, C. G.; Torres, T. Chem. Commun. 2007, No. 20, 2000–2015. doi:10.1039/B614234F

    work page doi:10.1039/b614234f 2007

  18. [18]

    Feng, S.; Luo, N.; Tang, A.; Chen, W.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, S.; Dou, W. J. Phys. Chem. C 2019, 123, 16614–16620. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11757

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11757 2019

  19. [19]

    Assour, J. M. J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 2295–2299. doi:10.1021/j100891a026

    work page doi:10.1021/j100891a026 1965

  20. [20]

    A.; Verderame, F

    Lucia, E. A.; Verderame, F. D. The Journal of Chemical Physics 1968, 48, 2674–

    work page 1968

  21. [21]

    doi:10.1063/1.1669501

    work page doi:10.1063/1.1669501

  22. [22]

    -M.; Taima, T

    Shahiduzzaman, Md.; Horikawa, T.; Hirayama, T.; Nakano, M.; Karakawa, M.; Takahashi, K.; Nunzi, J. -M.; Taima, T. J. Phys. Chem. C 2020, 124, 21338 – 21345. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07010

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07010 2020

  23. [23]

    Roy, D.; Chakraborty, M.; Gupta, P. S. Applied Surface Science 2019, 490, 492–

    work page 2019

  24. [24]

    doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.06.094

    work page doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.06.094 2019

  25. [25]

    P.; Naumann, M.; Ziegs, F.; Büchner, B.; Popov, A.; Knupfer, M

    Doctor, L. P.; Naumann, M.; Ziegs, F.; Büchner, B.; Popov, A.; Knupfer, M. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 12398–12404. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02654

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02654 2021

  26. [26]

    Beilstein J

    Sghaier, T.; Le Liepvre, S.; Fiorini, C.; Douillard, L.; Charra, F. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 862–868. doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78

    work page doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.78 2016

  27. [27]

    Anticipating Activity in Social Media Spikes

    Liepvre, S. L.; Gouesmel, A.; Nguyen, K. N.; Bocheux, A.; Charra, F. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 2017, 655, 5 –15. doi:10.1080/15421406.2017.1362313

    work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv doi:10.1080/15421406.2017.1362313 2017

  28. [28]

    -J.; Fiorini - Debuisschert, C.; Douillard, L.; Charra, F

    Le Liepvre, S.; Du, P.; Kreher, D.; Mathevet, F.; Attias, A. -J.; Fiorini - Debuisschert, C.; Douillard, L.; Charra, F. ACS Photonics 2016, 3, 2291–2296. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00793

    work page doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00793 2016

  29. [29]

    R.; Kuntumalla, M

    Brill, A. R.; Kuntumalla, M. K.; De Ruiter, G.; Koren, E. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 33941–33949. doi:10.1021/acsami.0c09722

    work page doi:10.1021/acsami.0c09722 2020

  30. [30]

    Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021, 280, 119437

    Yu, X.; Lai, S.; Xin, S.; Chen, S.; Zhang, X.; She, X.; Zhan, T.; Zhao, X.; Yang, D. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2021, 280, 119437. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119437

    work page doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119437 2021

  31. [31]

    R.; Ware, B.; Pansegrau, C.; Çakir, D.; Hoffmann, M

    Nicholls, D.; Li, R. R.; Ware, B.; Pansegrau, C.; Çakir, D.; Hoffmann, M. R.; Oncel, N. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 9845 –9850. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00864

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00864 2015

  32. [32]

    Nilson, K.; Åhlund, J.; Shariati, M.-N.; Göthelid, E.; Palmgren, P.; Schiessling, J.; 23 Berner, S.; Mårtensson, N.; Puglia, C. J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 12166 – 12172. doi:10.1021/jp910180y

    work page doi:10.1021/jp910180y 2010

  33. [33]

    Surface Science 2007, 601, 3661 –3667

    Åhlund, J.; Schnadt, J.; Nilson, K.; Göthelid, E.; Schiessling, J.; Besenbacher, F.; Mårtensson, N.; Puglia, C. Surface Science 2007, 601, 3661 –3667. doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.008

    work page doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.06.008 2007

  34. [34]

    Beilstein J

    Olszowski, P.; Zajac, L.; Godlewski, S.; Such, B.; Pawlak, R.; Hinaut, A.; Jöhr, R.; Glatzel, T.; Meyer, E.; Szymonski, M. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 99–

    work page 2017

  35. [35]

    doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.11

    work page doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.11

  36. [36]

    A.; Galoppini, E

    Ruggieri, C.; Rangan, S.; Bartynski, R. A.; Galoppini, E. J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 6101–6110. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00217

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b00217 2015

  37. [37]

    Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 2012, 30, 031402

    Tskipuri, L.; Shao, Q.; Reutt-Robey, J. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 2012, 30, 031402. doi:10.1116/1.4705511

    work page doi:10.1116/1.4705511 2012

  38. [38]

    Surface Science 2008, 602, 452 –459

    Nilson, K.; Palmgren, P.; Åhlund, J.; Schiessling, J.; Göthelid, E.; Mårtensson, N.; Puglia, C.; Göthelid, M. Surface Science 2008, 602, 452 –459. doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.052

    work page doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.052 2008

  39. [39]

    Surface Science 2005, 596, 98–107

    Zhang, L.; Peisert, H.; Biswas, I.; Knupfer, M.; Batchelor, D.; Chassé, T. Surface Science 2005, 596, 98–107. doi:10.1016/j.susc.2005.08.022

    work page doi:10.1016/j.susc.2005.08.022 2005

  40. [40]

    The Journal of Chemical Physics 2007, 127, 114702

    Nilson, K.; Åhlund, J.; Brena, B.; Göthelid, E.; Schiessling, J.; Mårtensson, N.; Puglia, C. The Journal of Chemical Physics 2007, 127, 114702. doi:10.1063/1.2770732

    work page doi:10.1063/1.2770732 2007

  41. [41]

    L.; Burnett, E

    Gonzalez Arellano, D. L.; Burnett, E. K.; Demirci Uzun, S.; Zakashansky, J. A.; Champagne, V. K.; George, M.; Mannsfeld, S. C. B.; Briseno, A. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 8185–8191. doi:10.1021/jacs.8b03078

    work page doi:10.1021/jacs.8b03078 2018

  42. [42]

    -J.; Charra, F

    Arrigoni, C.; Schull, G.; Bléger, D.; Douillard, L.; Fiorini -Debuisschert, C.; Mathevet, F.; Kreher, D.; Attias, A. -J.; Charra, F. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 190–194. doi:10.1021/jz900146f

    work page doi:10.1021/jz900146f 2010

  43. [43]

    -J.; Charra, F

    Kalashnyk, N.; Gouesmel, A.; Kim, E.; Attias, A. -J.; Charra, F. 2D Mater. 2019, 6, 045016. doi:10.1088/2053-1583/ab2ba7

    work page doi:10.1088/2053-1583/ab2ba7 2019

  44. [44]

    M.; Beeby, A.; Parker, A

    Bishop, S. M.; Beeby, A.; Parker, A. W.; Foley, M. S. C.; Phillips, D. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 1995, 90, 39 –44. doi:10.1016/1010-6030(95)04095-W

    work page doi:10.1016/1010-6030(95)04095-w 1995

  45. [45]

    -H.; Araujo, P

    Ling, X.; Fang, W.; Lee, Y. -H.; Araujo, P. T.; Zhang, X.; Rodriguez-Nieva, J. F.; Lin, Y.; Zhang, J.; Kong, J.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 3033–3040. doi:10.1021/nl404610c

    work page doi:10.1021/nl404610c 2014

  46. [46]

    Saini, G. S. S.; Singh, S.; Kaur, S.; Kumar, R.; Sathe, V.; Tripathi, S. K. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2009, 21, 225006. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/225006 24

    work page doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/22/225006 2009

  47. [47]

    L.; Dieudonné, P.; Jousselme, B.; Campidelli, S.; Bantignies, J

    Alvarez, L.; Almadori, Y.; Mariot, S.; Aznar, R.; Arenal, R.; Michel, T.; Parc, R. L.; Dieudonné, P.; Jousselme, B.; Campidelli, S.; Bantignies, J. -L. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 2013, 8, 28 –35. doi:10.1166/jno.2013.1426

    work page doi:10.1166/jno.2013.1426 2013

  48. [48]

    -J.; Charra, F

    Kalashnyk, N.; Jaouen, M.; Fiorini -Debuisschert, C.; Douillard, L.; Attias, A. -J.; Charra, F. Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 9607–9610. doi:10.1039/C8CC05806G

    work page doi:10.1039/c8cc05806g 2018

  49. [49]

    -J.; Charra, F

    Bellec, A.; Arrigoni, C.; Schull, G.; Douillard, L.; Fiorini -Debuisschert, C.; Mathevet, F.; Kreher, D.; Attias, A. -J.; Charra, F. The Journal of Chemical Physics 2011, 134, 124702. doi:10.1063/1.3569132

    work page doi:10.1063/1.3569132 2011

  50. [50]

    Langmuir 2023, 39, 18252 –18262

    Fabre, N.; Trojanowicz, R.; Moreaud, L.; Fiorini -Debuisschert, C.; Vassant, S.; Charra, F. Langmuir 2023, 39, 18252 –18262. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02038

    work page doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02038 2023

  51. [51]

    ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 3130 –3139

    Khadir, S.; Bon, P.; Vignaud, D.; Galopin, E.; McEvoy, N.; McCloskey, D.; Monneret, S.; Baffou, G. ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 3130 –3139. doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00845

    work page doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00845 2017

  52. [52]

    L.; Clarisse, C

    Ortí, E.; Brédas, J. L.; Clarisse, C. The Journal of Chemical Physics 1990, 92, 1228–1235. doi:10.1063/1.458131

    work page doi:10.1063/1.458131 1990

  53. [53]

    Fernez, Q.; Moradmand, S.; Mattera, M.; Djampa-Tapi, W.; Fiorini-Debuisschert, C.; Charra, F.; Kreher, D.; Mathevet, F.; Arfaoui, I.; Vargas, L. S. J. Mater. Chem. C 2022, 10, 13981–13988. doi:10.1039/D2TC01331B

    work page doi:10.1039/d2tc01331b 2022