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Characterisation of the Temperature-dependent Dark Rate of Hamamatsu R7081-100 10" Photomultiplier Tubes

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arxiv 2306.10751 v4 pith:MW27RB3B submitted 2023-06-19 physics.ins-det hep-ex

Characterisation of the Temperature-dependent Dark Rate of Hamamatsu R7081-100 10" Photomultiplier Tubes

Steve T. Wilson , Samuel Fargher , Robert J. Foster , Matthew Malek , Matthew Needham , Andrew Scarff , Gary D. Smith This is my paper
classification physics.ins-det hep-ex
keywords darkrateemissionnoisepmtsthermioniccontributionhamamatsu
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Dark noise is a dominant background in photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which are commonly used in liquid-filled particle detectors for single-photon detection to see the results of particle interactions. A major contribution to dark noise is thermionic emission from the photocathode. The dark noise of Hamamatsu R7081-100 PMTs is characterised in a temperature and purity controlled water tank, with the thermionic emission contribution isolated. The results suggest that the intrinsic dark rate of PMTs does not depend on the medium, but does follow Richardson's law of thermionic emission. There are external contributions to the overall observed PMT count rate identified, but the intrinsic PMT dark rate in water matches that measured in air.

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