Atomic layer doping of Mn magnetic impurities from surface chains at a Ge/Si hetero-interface

We realize Mn $\delta$-doping into Si and Si/Ge interfaces using Mn atomic chains on Si(001). Highly sensitive X-ray absorption fine structure techniques reveal that encapsulation at room temperature prevents the formation of silicides / germanides whilst maintaining one dimensional anisotropic structures. This is revealed by studying both the incident X-ray polarization dependence and post-annealing effects. Density functional theory calculations suggest that Mn atoms are located at substitutional sites, and show good agreement with experiment. A comprehensive magnetotransport study reveals magnetic ordering within the Mn $\delta$-doped layer, which is present at around 120\,K. We demonstrate that doping methods based on the burial of surface nanostructures allows for the realization of systems for which conventional doping methods fail.