pith. sign in

arxiv: 2606.24285 · v1 · pith:N3P5WTNAnew · submitted 2026-06-23 · ✦ hep-th

Topics in Celestial holography: A bottom-up perspective

Pith reviewed 2026-06-25 22:45 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ✦ hep-th
keywords celestial holographybottom-up approachflat space quantum gravitycelestial CFTtwistor theoryAdS/CFT
0
0 comments X

The pith

A bottom-up approach using symmetries and celestial CFT elements can identify a holographic dual for quantum gravity in flat spacetimes.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reviews selected topics in celestial holography focused on the search for a celestial dual to quantum gravity in flat spacetimes. It centers on the bottom-up method that starts from symmetries and the basic elements of celestial conformal field theory. The review covers the interplay with twistor theory and the links to AdS/CFT. A sympathetic reader would care because this route could supply a concrete way to study flat-space quantum gravity through a lower-dimensional theory without needing anti-de Sitter boundaries.

Core claim

The bottom-up approach, built from symmetries and key elements in celestial CFT, supplies a structured path toward a celestial dual for flat-space quantum gravity, with additional structure coming from its interplay with twistor theory and its relation to the AdS/CFT correspondence.

What carries the argument

The bottom-up approach built from symmetries and celestial CFT elements, which organizes the construction of the dual theory.

If this is right

  • Symmetries of flat-space gravity can be realized as operators in a celestial CFT.
  • Twistor methods can be used to handle the flat-space kinematics within the holographic setup.
  • Known results from AdS/CFT can be deformed or continued to supply checks for the flat-space case.
  • Scattering amplitudes in flat space become computable from celestial correlators.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Explicit operator product expansions in the celestial CFT might be derived by matching known flat-space soft factors.
  • The same bottom-up construction could be tested on simpler theories such as Yang-Mills before gravity.
  • Numerical checks of Ward identities on the celestial sphere could provide early consistency tests.

Load-bearing premise

The bottom-up approach built from symmetries and celestial CFT elements provides a viable path toward identifying a celestial dual for flat-space quantum gravity.

What would settle it

An explicit calculation showing that celestial CFT correlation functions cannot reproduce the expected flat-space gravitational scattering amplitudes or soft theorems would settle the viability of this path.

read the original abstract

We review some selected topics in celestial holography on the search for a celestial dual to quantum gravity in flat spacetimes. We focus on the bottom-up approach, emphasizing symmetries, key elements in celestial CFT, interplay with twistor theory, and connection to AdS/CFT.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 0 minor

Summary. The paper reviews selected topics in celestial holography from a bottom-up perspective, focusing on symmetries, key elements of celestial CFT, interplay with twistor theory, and connections to AdS/CFT in the search for a celestial dual to quantum gravity in flat spacetimes.

Significance. As a review paper, if the summaries of cited work are accurate, it offers a structured overview of the bottom-up approach that may help organize the literature on symmetries and dualities for flat-space quantum gravity, complementing top-down methods without introducing new derivations or claims.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive evaluation of the manuscript and for recommending acceptance. The report contains no major comments requiring a point-by-point response.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Review paper with no derivations; no circularity possible

full rationale

This is a review article that surveys selected topics in celestial holography without introducing new derivations, theorems, or empirical claims. The abstract and structure explicitly frame the content as a summary of symmetries, celestial CFT elements, twistor interplay, and AdS/CFT connections. No load-bearing technical steps exist that could reduce to fitted inputs, self-citations, or self-definitional constructions, so the circularity score is 0 by the problem's own criteria for honest non-findings on review papers.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a review paper and introduces no new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities beyond those already present in the cited literature on celestial holography.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5550 in / 1104 out tokens · 31135 ms · 2026-06-25T22:45:42.645848+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

252 extracted references · 42 linked inside Pith

  1. [1]

    ’t Hooft,Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity,Conf

    G. ’t Hooft,Dimensional reduction in quantum gravity,Conf. Proc. C930308(1993) 284–296, [gr-qc/9310026]

  2. [2]

    Susskind,The World as a hologram,J

    L. Susskind,The World as a hologram,J. Math. Phys.36(1995) 6377–6396, [hep-th/9409089]. – 65 –

  3. [3]

    J. M. Maldacena,The LargeNlimit of superconformal field theories and supergravity,Adv. Theor. Math. Phys.2(1998) 231–252, [hep-th/9711200]

  4. [4]

    S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov, and A. M. Polyakov,Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory,Phys. Lett. B428(1998) 105–114, [hep-th/9802109]

  5. [5]

    Witten,Anti-de Sitter space and holography,Adv

    E. Witten,Anti-de Sitter space and holography,Adv. Theor. Math. Phys.2(1998) 253–291, [hep-th/9802150]

  6. [6]

    Bondi, M

    H. Bondi, M. G. J. van der Burg, and A. W. K. Metzner,Gravitational waves in general relativity. 7. Waves from axisymmetric isolated systems,Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A269 (1962) 21–52

  7. [7]

    R. K. Sachs,Gravitational waves in general relativity. 8. Waves in asymptotically flat space-times,Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A270(1962) 103–126

  8. [8]

    Sachs,Asymptotic symmetries in gravitational theory,Phys

    R. Sachs,Asymptotic symmetries in gravitational theory,Phys. Rev.128(1962) 2851–2864

  9. [9]

    Pasterski, S.-H

    S. Pasterski, S.-H. Shao, and A. Strominger,Flat Space Amplitudes and Conformal Symmetry of the Celestial Sphere,Phys. Rev. D96(2017), no. 6 065026, [arXiv:1701.00049]

  10. [10]

    Pasterski and S.-H

    S. Pasterski and S.-H. Shao,Conformal basis for flat space amplitudes,Phys. Rev. D96 (2017), no. 6 065022, [arXiv:1705.01027]

  11. [11]

    Pasterski, S.-H

    S. Pasterski, S.-H. Shao, and A. Strominger,Gluon Amplitudes as 2d Conformal Correlators,Phys. Rev. D96(2017), no. 8 085006, [arXiv:1706.03917]

  12. [12]

    Pasterski,Lectures on celestial amplitudes,Eur

    S. Pasterski,Lectures on celestial amplitudes,Eur. Phys. J. C81(2021), no. 12 1062, [arXiv:2108.04801]

  13. [13]

    Raclariu,Lectures on Celestial Holography,arXiv:2107.02075

    A.-M. Raclariu,Lectures on Celestial Holography,arXiv:2107.02075

  14. [14]

    Weinberg,Photons and Gravitons inS-Matrix Theory: Derivation of Charge Conservation and Equality of Gravitational and Inertial Mass,Phys

    S. Weinberg,Photons and Gravitons inS-Matrix Theory: Derivation of Charge Conservation and Equality of Gravitational and Inertial Mass,Phys. Rev.135(1964) B1049–B1056

  15. [15]

    Weinberg,Infrared photons and gravitons,Phys

    S. Weinberg,Infrared photons and gravitons,Phys. Rev.140(1965) B516–B524

  16. [16]

    Strominger,Lectures on the Infrared Structure of Gravity and Gauge Theory, arXiv:1703.05448

    A. Strominger,Lectures on the Infrared Structure of Gravity and Gauge Theory, arXiv:1703.05448

  17. [17]

    Donnay,Celestial holography: An asymptotic symmetry perspective,Phys

    L. Donnay,Celestial holography: An asymptotic symmetry perspective,Phys. Rept.1073 (10, 2024) 1–41, [arXiv:2310.12922]

  18. [18]

    Pate, A.-M

    M. Pate, A.-M. Raclariu, A. Strominger, and E. Y. Yuan,Celestial operator products of gluons and gravitons,Rev. Math. Phys.33(2021), no. 09 2140003, [arXiv:1910.07424]

  19. [19]

    W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, and T. R. Taylor,Soft Limits of Yang-Mills Amplitudes and Conformal Correlators,JHEP05(2019) 121, [arXiv:1903.01676]

  20. [20]

    Fotopoulos, S

    A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Extended BMS Algebra of Celestial CFT,JHEP03(2020) 130, [arXiv:1912.10973]

  21. [21]

    Pasterski, M

    S. Pasterski, M. Pate, and A.-M. Raclariu,Celestial Holography, inSnowmass 2021, 11, 2021.arXiv:2111.11392

  22. [22]

    McLoughlin, A

    T. McLoughlin, A. Puhm, and A.-M. Raclariu,The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes chapter 11: soft theorems and celestial amplitudes,J. Phys. A55(2022), no. 44 443012, [arXiv:2203.13022]. – 66 –

  23. [23]

    Ruzziconi,Carrollian physics and holography,Phys

    R. Ruzziconi,Carrollian physics and holography,Phys. Rept.1182(2026) 1–87, [arXiv:2602.02644]

  24. [24]

    Bagchi, A

    A. Bagchi, A. Banerjee, P. Dhivakar, S. Mondal, and A. Shukla,The Carrollian kaleidoscope,Eur. Phys. J. C86(2026), no. 4 429, [arXiv:2506.16164]

  25. [25]

    Nguyen,Lectures on Carrollian Holography,arXiv:2511.10162

    K. Nguyen,Lectures on Carrollian Holography,arXiv:2511.10162

  26. [26]

    Stieberger, T

    S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Celestial Liouville theory for Yang-Mills amplitudes,Phys. Lett. B836(2023) 137588, [arXiv:2209.02724]

  27. [27]

    T. R. Taylor and B. Zhu,Celestial Supersymmetry,JHEP06(2023) 210, [arXiv:2302.12830]

  28. [28]

    Stieberger, T

    S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Yang-Mills as a Liouville theory,Phys. Lett. B846 (2023) 138229, [arXiv:2308.09741]

  29. [29]

    Guevara, E

    A. Guevara, E. Himwich, M. Pate, and A. Strominger,Holographic symmetry algebras for gauge theory and gravity,JHEP11(2021) 152, [arXiv:2103.03961]

  30. [30]

    Strominger,w 1+∞ Algebra and the Celestial Sphere: Infinite Towers of Soft Graviton, Photon, and Gluon Symmetries,Phys

    A. Strominger,w 1+∞ Algebra and the Celestial Sphere: Infinite Towers of Soft Graviton, Photon, and Gluon Symmetries,Phys. Rev. Lett.127(2021), no. 22 221601, [arXiv:2105.14346]

  31. [31]

    Kapec, V

    D. Kapec, V. Lysov, S. Pasterski, and A. Strominger,Semiclassical Virasoro symmetry of the quantum gravityS-matrix,JHEP08(2014) 058, [arXiv:1406.3312]

  32. [32]

    Kapec, P

    D. Kapec, P. Mitra, A.-M. Raclariu, and A. Strominger,2D Stress Tensor for 4D Gravity, Phys. Rev. Lett.119(2017), no. 12 121601, [arXiv:1609.00282]

  33. [33]

    H. T. Lam and S.-H. Shao,Conformal Basis, Optical Theorem, and the Bulk Point Singularity,Phys. Rev. D98(2018), no. 2 025020, [arXiv:1711.06138]

  34. [34]

    Fotopoulos, S

    A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Extended Super BMS Algebra of Celestial CFT,JHEP09(2020) 198, [arXiv:2007.03785]

  35. [35]

    Stieberger and T

    S. Stieberger and T. R. Taylor,Symmetries of Celestial Amplitudes,Phys. Lett. B793 (2019) 141–143, [arXiv:1812.01080]

  36. [36]

    Schreiber, A

    A. Schreiber, A. Volovich, and M. Zlotnikov,Tree-level gluon amplitudes on the celestial sphere,Phys. Lett. B781(2018) 349–357, [arXiv:1711.08435]

  37. [37]

    Donnay, A

    L. Donnay, A. Fiorucci, Y. Herfray, and R. Ruzziconi,Carrollian Perspective on Celestial Holography,Phys. Rev. Lett.129(2022), no. 7 071602, [arXiv:2202.04702]

  38. [38]

    Ciambelli, C

    L. Ciambelli, C. Marteau, A. C. Petkou, P. M. Petropoulos, and K. Siampos,Flat holography and Carrollian fluids,JHEP07(2018) 165, [arXiv:1802.06809]

  39. [39]

    Laddha, S

    A. Laddha, S. G. Prabhu, S. Raju, and P. Shrivastava,The Holographic Nature of Null Infinity,SciPost Phys.10(2021), no. 2 041, [arXiv:2002.02448]

  40. [40]

    Figueroa-O’Farrill, E

    J. Figueroa-O’Farrill, E. Have, S. Prohazka, and J. Salzer,Carrollian and celestial spaces at infinity,JHEP09(2022) 007, [arXiv:2112.03319]

  41. [41]

    Donnay, A

    L. Donnay, A. Fiorucci, Y. Herfray, and R. Ruzziconi,Bridging Carrollian and celestial holography,Phys. Rev. D107(2023), no. 12 126027, [arXiv:2212.12553]

  42. [42]

    Mason, R

    L. Mason, R. Ruzziconi, and A. Yelleshpur Srikant,Carrollian Amplitudes and Celestial Symmetries,JHEP05(12, 2024) 012, [arXiv:2312.10138]

  43. [43]

    Adami, D

    H. Adami, D. Grumiller, M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari, V. Taghiloo, H. Yavartanoo, and C. Zwikel, – 67 – Null boundary phase space: slicings, news & memory,JHEP11(2021) 155, [arXiv:2110.04218]

  44. [44]

    Banerjee,Null Infinity and Unitary Representation of The Poincare Group,JHEP01 (2019) 205, [arXiv:1801.10171]

    S. Banerjee,Null Infinity and Unitary Representation of The Poincare Group,JHEP01 (2019) 205, [arXiv:1801.10171]

  45. [45]

    Banerjee, S

    S. Banerjee, S. Ghosh, P. Pandey, and A. P. Saha,Modified celestial amplitude in Einstein gravity,JHEP03(2020) 125, [arXiv:1909.03075]

  46. [46]

    Strominger and A

    A. Strominger and A. Zhiboedov,Gravitational Memory, BMS Supertranslations and Soft Theorems,JHEP01(2016) 086, [arXiv:1411.5745]

  47. [47]

    Pasterski, A

    S. Pasterski, A. Strominger, and A. Zhiboedov,New Gravitational Memories,JHEP12 (2016) 053, [arXiv:1502.06120]

  48. [48]

    W.-B. Liu, J. Long, H.-Y. Xiao, and J.-L. Yang,On the definition of Carrollian amplitudes in general dimensions,JHEP11(2024) 027, [arXiv:2407.20816]

  49. [49]

    Kulkarni, R

    H. Kulkarni, R. Ruzziconi, and A. Yelleshpur Srikant,On Carrollian and celestial correlators in general dimensions,JHEP10(2025) 187, [arXiv:2508.06602]

  50. [50]

    Donnay, A

    L. Donnay, A. Puhm, and A. Strominger,Conformally Soft Photons and Gravitons,JHEP 01(2019) 184, [arXiv:1810.05219]

  51. [51]

    Pate, A.-M

    M. Pate, A.-M. Raclariu, and A. Strominger,Conformally Soft Theorem in Gauge Theory, Phys. Rev. D100(2019), no. 8 085017, [arXiv:1904.10831]

  52. [52]

    Adamo, L

    T. Adamo, L. Mason, and A. Sharma,Celestial amplitudes and conformal soft theorems, Class. Quant. Grav.36(2019), no. 20 205018, [arXiv:1905.09224]

  53. [53]

    Puhm,Conformally Soft Theorem in Gravity,JHEP09(2020) 130, [arXiv:1905.09799]

    A. Puhm,Conformally Soft Theorem in Gravity,JHEP09(2020) 130, [arXiv:1905.09799]

  54. [54]

    Nande, M

    A. Nande, M. Pate, and A. Strominger,Soft Factorization in QED from 2D Kac-Moody Symmetry,JHEP02(2018) 079, [arXiv:1705.00608]

  55. [55]

    Lysov, S

    V. Lysov, S. Pasterski, and A. Strominger,Low’s Subleading Soft Theorem as a Symmetry of QED,Phys. Rev. Lett.113(2014), no. 11 111601, [arXiv:1407.3814]

  56. [56]

    Fotopoulos and T

    A. Fotopoulos and T. R. Taylor,Primary Fields in Celestial CFT,JHEP10(2019) 167, [arXiv:1906.10149]

  57. [57]

    W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, and T. R. Taylor,On Sugawara construction on Celestial Sphere,JHEP09(2020) 139, [arXiv:2005.10666]

  58. [58]

    Himwich, M

    E. Himwich, M. Pate, and K. Singh,Celestial operator product expansions and w1+∞ symmetry for all spins,JHEP01(2022) 080, [arXiv:2108.07763]

  59. [59]

    Banerjee, S

    S. Banerjee, S. Ghosh, and R. Gonzo,BMS symmetry of celestial OPE,JHEP04(2020) 130, [arXiv:2002.00975]

  60. [60]

    Adamo, W

    T. Adamo, W. Bu, E. Casali, and A. Sharma,Celestial operator products from the worldsheet,JHEP06(2022) 052, [arXiv:2111.02279]

  61. [61]

    Ruzziconi,Asymptotic Symmetries in the Gauge Fixing Approach and the BMS Group, PoSModave2019(2020) 003, [arXiv:1910.08367]

    R. Ruzziconi,Asymptotic Symmetries in the Gauge Fixing Approach and the BMS Group, PoSModave2019(2020) 003, [arXiv:1910.08367]

  62. [62]

    Freidel, R

    L. Freidel, R. Oliveri, D. Pranzetti, and S. Speziale,The Weyl BMS group and Einstein’s equations,JHEP07(2021) 170, [arXiv:2104.05793]

  63. [63]

    Donnay and R

    L. Donnay and R. Ruzziconi,BMS flux algebra in celestial holography,JHEP11(2021) 040, [arXiv:2108.11969]. – 68 –

  64. [64]

    Liu and J

    W.-B. Liu and J. Long,Symmetry group at future null infinity: Scalar theory,Phys. Rev. D 107(2023), no. 12 126002, [arXiv:2210.00516]

  65. [65]

    Liu and J

    W.-B. Liu and J. Long,Symmetry group at future null infinity III: Gravitational theory, JHEP10(2023) 117, [arXiv:2307.01068]

  66. [66]

    Li, W.-B

    A. Li, W.-B. Liu, J. Long, and R.-Z. Yu,Quantum flux operators for Carrollian diffeomorphism in general dimensions,JHEP11(2023) 140, [arXiv:2309.16572]

  67. [67]

    Distler, R

    J. Distler, R. Flauger, and B. Horn,Double-soft graviton amplitudes and the extended BMS charge algebra,JHEP08(2019) 021, [arXiv:1808.09965]

  68. [68]

    Freidel, D

    L. Freidel, D. Pranzetti, and A.-M. Raclariu,Sub-subleading soft graviton theorem from asymptotic Einstein’s equations,JHEP05(2022) 186, [arXiv:2111.15607]

  69. [69]

    Donnay, S

    L. Donnay, S. Pasterski, and A. Puhm,Asymptotic Symmetries and Celestial CFT,JHEP 09(2020) 176, [arXiv:2005.08990]

  70. [70]

    Stieberger and T

    S. Stieberger and T. R. Taylor,Strings on Celestial Sphere,Nucl. Phys. B935(2018) 388–411, [arXiv:1806.05688]

  71. [71]

    S. J. Parke and T. R. Taylor,An Amplitude fornGluon Scattering,Phys. Rev. Lett.56 (1986) 2459

  72. [72]

    Mizera and S

    S. Mizera and S. Pasterski,Celestial geometry,JHEP09(2022) 045, [arXiv:2204.02505]

  73. [73]

    W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Conformal blocks from celestial gluon amplitudes,JHEP05(2021) 170, [arXiv:2103.04420]

  74. [74]

    Nandan, A

    D. Nandan, A. Schreiber, A. Volovich, and M. Zlotnikov,Celestial Amplitudes: Conformal Partial Waves and Soft Limits,JHEP10(2019) 018, [arXiv:1904.10940]

  75. [75]

    Atanasov, W

    A. Atanasov, W. Melton, A.-M. Raclariu, and A. Strominger,Conformal block expansion in celestial CFT,Phys. Rev. D104(2021), no. 12 126033, [arXiv:2104.13432]

  76. [76]

    W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Conformal blocks from celestial gluon amplitudes. part ii. single-valued correlators,JHEP11(2021) 179, [arXiv:2108.10337]

  77. [77]

    Guevara,Celestial ope blocks,arXiv:2108.12706

    A. Guevara,Celestial ope blocks,arXiv:2108.12706

  78. [78]

    Surubaru and B

    I. Surubaru and B. Zhu,Conformal blocks from celestial graviton amplitudes,JHEP06 (2025) 174, [arXiv:2501.05805]

  79. [79]

    W. Fan, A. Fotopoulos, S. Stieberger, T. R. Taylor, and B. Zhu,Elements of celestial conformal field theory,JHEP08(2022) 213, [arXiv:2202.08288]

  80. [80]

    Chang, R

    C.-M. Chang, R. Liu, and W.-J. Ma,Split representation in celestial holography, arXiv:2311.08736

Showing first 80 references.