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Primordial black hole formation and abundance: contribution from the non-linear relation between the density and curvature perturbation

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arxiv 1904.00984 v2 pith:NA4W4BUG submitted 2019-04-01 astro-ph.CO

classification astro-ph.CO
keywords pbhsabundanceformationzetaformmassnon-linearvalue
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abstract

The formation and abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) arising from the curvature perturbation $\zeta$ is studied. The non-linear relation between $\zeta$ and the density contrast $\delta$ means that, even when $\zeta$ has an exactly Gaussian distribution, significant non-Gaussianities affecting PBH formation must be considered. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the critical value and the mass of PBHs which form, and peaks theory is used to calculate the mass fraction of the universe collapsing to form PBHs at the time of formation. A formalism to calculate the total present day PBH abundance and mass function is also derived. It is found that the abundance of PBHs is very sensitive to the non-linear effects, and that the power spectrum $\mathcal{P}_\zeta$ must be a factor of $\sim2$ larger to produce the same number of PBHs as the linear model (where the exact value depends on the critical value for a region to collapse and form a PBH). This also means that the derived constraints on the small-scale power spectrum from constraints on the abundance of PBHs are weaker by the same factor.

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Cited by 17 Pith papers

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  1. The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation

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    Shape dispersion around the average peak profile is a genuine statistical ingredient: rare deformed curvature profiles can dominate primordial black hole formation when the power spectrum is broad or non-Gaussianity i...

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    astro-ph.CO 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Using numerical relativity thresholds, cosmological perturbation theory, and peak theory, the authors derive updated upper limits on the small-scale primordial curvature power spectrum from primordial black hole abund...

  3. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

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    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

  4. Revisiting PBH accretion, evaporation and their cosmological consequences

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    Relativistic accretion onto Kerr primordial black holes gives roughly 4.5x mass growth and fast spin-down, strengthening BBN bounds, lowering the survival mass to ~2.7e14 g, and erasing the high-frequency stochastic g...

  5. Robust {\mu}-distortion constraints on primordial supermassive black holes from cubic (gNL) non-Gaussian perturbations

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    In the infinite cubic (gNL) non-Gaussianity limit, CMB mu-distortion constraints on the primordial power spectrum amplitude remain close to Gaussian, deviating only at high wavenumbers.

  6. Light Scalar Fields Foster Production of Primordial Black Holes

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    A spectator scalar field with minimal coupling can replace ultra-slow-roll with a turn and tachyonic growth mechanism, producing primordial black holes while reducing fine-tuning.

  7. The Irrelevance of Primordial Black Hole Clustering in the LVK mass range

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  8. Probing Primordial Black Hole Mergers in Clusters with Pulsar Timing Data

    astro-ph.CO 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Bayesian analysis of IPTA DR2 shows scalar-induced gravitational waves dominate and PBH merger backgrounds are strongly disfavored relative to an astrophysical SMBHB explanation.

  9. Testing inflation on all scales: a case study with $\alpha$-attractors

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  10. PBH in single field inflation: the effect of shape dispersion and non-Gaussianities

    astro-ph.CO 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    In a barrier single-field inflation model, primordial black holes form preferentially from false-vacuum bubbles once f_NL exceeds about 3.5, and shape dispersion has little effect on the compaction threshold.

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    Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability allows narrow curvature spectra to exponentially suppress primordial black hole overproduction via correlation coefficient ρ approaching -1 while retaining s...

  12. Primordial black hole dark matter from ultra-slow-roll inflation in Horndeski gravity

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A kinetic cubic Horndeski coupling creates an ultra-slow-roll phase that amplifies curvature perturbations enough to produce asteroid-mass primordial black holes, potentially 90% of dark matter.

  13. Are Primordial Black Holes Truly Fine-Tuned?

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    Using a normalized sensitivity measure γ=c/c̄, the authors find γ≈1 for three single-field ultra-slow-roll inflation models and conclude PBH production is not technically unnatural.

  14. Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

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    A Bayesian analysis shows that a future sub-solar PBH detection would make the primordial SIGW interpretation of PTA data favored over the SMBH interpretation, but this preference is driven by the detection prior.

  15. Non-Standard Thermal History and Formation of Primordial Black Holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

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    astro-ph.CO 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

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  17. Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Holes: Connecting Low-Frequency Scalar-Induced Signatures to High-Frequency Binary Mergers

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    For monochromatic primordial black holes, the low-frequency scalar-induced gravitational-wave peak and the high-frequency binary-merger ISCO frequency are linked by fISCO ≈ 3.4×10^20 Hz × (fSIGW/Hz)^2.

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