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Heavy Neutral Leptons at the Electron-Ion Collider
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abstract
The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory, along with its primary capacity to elucidate the nuclear structure, will offer new opportunities to probe physics beyond the Standard Model coupled to the electroweak sector. Among the best motivated examples of such new physics are new heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), which are likely to play a key role in neutrino mass generation and lepton number violation. We study the capability of the EIC to search for HNLs, which can be produced in electron-proton collisions through charged current interactions as a consequence of their mixing with light neutrinos. We find that, with the EIC design energy and integrated luminosity, one is able to probe HNLs in the mass range of 1 GeV$-100$ GeV with mixing angles down to the order of $10^{-4} - 10^{-3}$ through the prompt decay, and $10^{-6} - 10^{-4}$ via the displaced decay signatures. We also consider the invisible mode where an HNL is undetected or decaying to dark sector particles. One could potentially probe heavy HNLs for mixing angles in the window $10^{-3}-10^{-2}$, provided SM background systematics can be brought under control. These searches are complementary to other probes of HNLs, such as neutrino-less double-$\beta$ decay, meson decay, fixed-target, and high-energy collider experiments.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Long-Lived Dark Hadrons at the Electron-Ion Collider
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Electron-Ion Collider as a Discovery Tool for Invisible Dark Bosons
A sensitivity study finds the Electron-Ion Collider could discover invisibly decaying dark bosons with masses up to 10 GeV via coherent electron bremsstrahlung on gold ions, surpassing existing and planned searches.
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New Physics at the Muon (Synchrotron) Ion Collider: MuSIC for several scales
A TeV-scale muon-ion collider (MuSIC) could probe new physics in four BSM scenarios with reach surpassing the HL-LHC and other future facilities.
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ALP and $Z^\prime$ boson at the Electron-Ion collider
Projected EIC tri-electron searches would constrain electron-coupled ALPs and Z' bosons more strongly than current experiments at masses of about 10-100 GeV and 10-30 GeV, respectively.
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Flavor physics at the EIC with b-jet tagging
Single b-jet counting in charged-current events at the EIC could probe new flavor-changing physics up to Λ_eff ≈ 5 TeV, about 30 times the collider energy, assuming tight b-tagging and polarized beams.
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Dark photons and axion-like particles at the Electron-Ion Collider in China
Projected EicC searches could probe dark photons from about 1 MeV to 3 GeV and photon-coupled axion-like particles from 0.1 to 5 GeV, covering parameter space not yet excluded by other experiments.
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