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Second and higher-order quasi-normal modes in binary black hole mergers
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Black hole (BH) oscillations known as quasi-normal modes (QNMs) are one of the most important gravitational wave (GW) sources. We propose that higher perturbative order of QNMs, generated by nonlinear gravitational interaction near the BHs, are detectable and worth searching for in observations and simulations of binary BH mergers. We calculate the metric perturbations to second-order and explicitly regularize the master equation at the horizon and spatial infinity. We find that the second-order QNMs have frequencies twice the first-order ones and the GW amplitude is up to ~10% that of the first-order one. The QNM frequency would also shift blueward up to ~1%. This provides a new test of general relativity as well as a possible distance indicator.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Perturbations of Plane Waves and Quadratic Quasinormal Modes on the Lightring
Second-order gravitational perturbations on plane waves are solved with a GHP master equation and tensor harmonics, yielding quadratic quasinormal mode ratios and selection rules.
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The Bondi--Sachs gauge, BMS frames, and memory in black hole perturbation theory
Introduces a gauge transformation framework for BMS frames in multiscale black hole perturbation theory on Kerr that incorporates memory effects and avoids infrared divergences.
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Black Hole Ringdown Nonlinearities in the Large-D Limit
In the large-D limit, analytic third-order nonlinear corrections to quasinormal modes improve ringdown modeling accuracy by several orders of magnitude for head-on black hole collisions.
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Excitation factors for horizonless compact objects: long-lived modes, echoes, and greybody factors
Excitation factors of long-lived quasinormal modes in horizonless compact objects scale with their small imaginary frequency, suppressing early contributions and producing a hierarchy where prompt ringdown uses ordina...
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The AdS Perspective on the Nonlinear Tails in Black Hole Ringdown
The known t^{-(2L+2)} nonlinear ringdown tail is rederived via AdS2 x S2, with a proposed but incorrectly normalized Aretakis amplitude relation.
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Greybody factors, reflectionless scattering modes, and echoes of ultracompact horizonless objects
High-frequency quasi-reflectionless scattering modes in the greybody factors of ultracompact horizonless objects are responsible for echoes in the time-domain response.
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The impact of initial conditions on quasi-normal modes
Using an exactly solvable delta-function potential, the authors show linear quasi-normal mode amplitudes are generically time-dependent and derive stabilization times that can greatly exceed the usual 10 solar mass ru...
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The Nonlinear Tails in Black Hole Ringdown: the Scattering Perspective
Nonlinear ringdown tails in the transverse-traceless gauge decay as t^{-(2ℓ+1)}, and this paper rederives that law from in-in scattering diagrams.
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Can We Detect Deviations from Einstein's Gravity in Black Hole Ringdowns?
Higher-derivative corrections to black hole ringdown spectra and quadratic modes are either absent or suppressed below detectability once causality is enforced, leaving Einstein's gravity as the sole observable description.
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