Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 minor 41 references

Superconductivity on the verge of metal-insulator transition in Cu$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$Ir$_2$S$_4$ probed by $\mu$SR

T0 review · 0 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-07-11 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read Muon spin rotation shows fully gapped s-wave superconductivity in Zn-doped CuIr2S4, even though the material sits deep in the dirty limit near a metal-insulator transition.

desk verdict Clean TF-μ SR result: nodeless s-wave superfluid density in dirty-limit Zn-doped CuIr2S4, with a useful but qualitative disorder link to the new high-pressure phases. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.04628 v1 pith:NNEQNFVM submitted 2026-07-06 cond-mat.supr-con cond-mat.str-el

K. M. Kojima , M. Miyazaki , M. Hiraishi , A. Koda , R. Kadono , C. Baines , Y. Tsuchiya , H. S. Suzuki
show 1 more author
H. Kitazawa
This is my paper
classification cond-mat.supr-concond-mat.str-el PACS 74.25.Ha74.70.Dd76.75.+i71.30.+h
keywords muonspinrotationthiospinelCuIr2S4metal-insulatortransitiondirty-limitsuperconductivitys-wavepairingsuperfluiddensityZnsubstitution
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The thiospinel CuIr2S4 normally becomes insulating below about 230 K. Replacing some copper with zinc suppresses that transition and produces superconductivity with Tc near 3 K. This paper uses muon spin rotation to measure how the superfluid density varies with temperature and magnetic field in two such samples. Both the temperature curve and the field dependence match a fully gapped, isotropic s-wave state. At the same time the normal-state resistivity is extremely high, implying that the mean free path is much shorter than the superconducting coherence length. In that dirty-limit regime, scattering is expected to erase any gap anisotropy that strong electronic correlations might otherwise produce. The same high-scattering background appears to be present in the high-pressure superconducting phases of the parent compound, suggesting a common physical setting for both routes to superconductivity.

What carries the argument

The Gaussian relaxation rate σ s extracted from the muon-spin precession envelope, which is proportional to the superfluid density ns (and therefore to 1/λ^{2}). Its T and B dependence is fitted to the dirty-limit s-wave form, including a distribution of local Tc values that accounts for sample inhomogeneity.

What would settle it

A direct measurement of the electronic mean free path (for example by de Haas-van Alphen or high-resolution ARPES on cleaner single crystals) showing ℓ ≧ ξ0, or a low-temperature specific-heat or tunneling spectrum that reveals nodes or strong gap anisotropy in the same doping range.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Transverse-field muon spin rotation on polycrystalline Cu1-xZnxIr2S4 (x = 0.3 and 0.4) yields a superfluid density whose temperature and field dependence are fully consistent with isotropic, fully gapped s-wave pairing. The high normal-state resistivity places the system deep in the dirty limit, so that any intrinsic gap anisotropy is washed out by scattering.

Load-bearing premise

That the measured resistivity of 10^{-3} to 10^{-2} Ω cm, together with a rough estimate of Fermi velocity, is enough to guarantee that the mean free path is much shorter than the coherence length and that scattering therefore completely erases any gap anisotropy.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

0 major / 4 minor

Summary. This manuscript reports transverse-field μ SR measurements of the superfluid density in polycrystalline Cu1-xZnxIr2S4 (x = 0.3 and 0.4, Tc ≈ 3 K and 2.5 K). The temperature dependence of the Gaussian linewidth σs is analyzed with a two-fluid form convolved with a Gaussian distribution of Tc (Eqs. 5–7), and the field dependence of σs is compared with the Brandt FLL formula (Eqs. 9–10). Both are consistent with a fully gapped isotropic s-wave state; no Volovik-like suppression is observed. From bulk Bc2(0) the authors extract ξ GL(0) ≈ 7.8 nm and κ ≈ 140, confirming extreme type-II behavior with λ ≥ 1 μm. High normal-state resistivity (10-3–10-2 Ω cm) is used to place the samples in the dirty limit (ℓ ≪ ξ0), so that scattering is argued to wash out any gap anisotropy that might be expected near the metal-insulator transition. The discussion draws a qualitative parallel with the recently reported high-pressure superconducting phases of pristine CuIr2S4.

Significance. The work supplies the first microscopic determination of the gap symmetry and magnetic penetration depth for the Zn-substituted thiospinel superconductors. Establishing a robust, fully gapped s-wave response deep in the dirty limit is a useful constraint on pairing models for Ir 5d spinels near a charge-ordered insulator. The explicit connection to the high-pressure SC-I/SC-II phases, framed around the Mott–Ioffe–Regel limit and geometric frustration, offers a coherent organizing principle for the family even though the analogy remains qualitative. The analysis is standard, the data are clean, and the conclusions are appropriately cautious.

minor comments (4)
  1. The dirty-limit assignment (ℓ ≪ ξ0) rests on order-of-magnitude estimates of vF and resistivity rather than a direct microscopic measurement of ℓ. A short clarifying sentence that this is qualitative would strengthen the discussion without changing the primary μ SR conclusion.
  2. Fig. 3: the two alternative fits (free Bc2 vs. excess σc) are both shown; a brief statement of which is preferred, or that both are compatible with a nodeless gap, would help the reader.
  3. Table I: units of T0 and Td are written inconsistently ("2.64(8) K" vs. "2.18 (30)"); standardize the notation.
  4. A few typographical issues remain ("transit ion", "Christoper", "Y oshinori", "V ancouver"). A light copy-edit pass is recommended.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: TF-μSR superfluid-density analysis is standard phenomenological fitting, not a self-referential derivation.

full rationale

The central claim (temperature and field dependence of σs consistent with fully gapped isotropic s-wave pairing in the dirty limit) rests on direct TF-μSR spectra fitted to the conventional Gaussian FLL second-moment formula (Eqs. 3–4) plus the empirical two-fluid form (Eq. 5) augmented by a free Gaussian Tc distribution (Eqs. 6–7) that merely parametrizes observed inhomogeneity. The fitted parameters (T0, Td, σ0) describe the same data set; they are not used to generate an independent prediction that is then declared successful. Field dependence is likewise compared to the standard Brandt expression (Eq. 9) without forcing a nodal or anisotropic model. Resistivity-based dirty-limit estimates (ℓ ≪ ξ0) and the high-pressure analogy are qualitative discussion points, not load-bearing inputs to the gap-symmetry conclusion. Self-citations ([21], [27]) supply only sample characterization and nuclear-dipolar background; they do not underwrite uniqueness theorems or smuggle ansatze that close the argument. The derivation chain is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks and exhibits none of the six enumerated circularity patterns.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 4 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim is experimental: superfluid density from μSR matches isotropic s-wave once standard dirty-limit and FLL assumptions are granted. Free parameters are ordinary fit coefficients; axioms are textbook condensed-matter relations; no new particles or forces are invented.

free parameters (3)
  • σ0 (superfluid density amplitude) = 0.090(2) MHz (x=0.3); 0.064(6) MHz (x=0.4)
    Fitted amplitude of the Gaussian linewidth associated with the flux-line lattice; directly converted to λ via the Brandt prefactor.
  • T0, Td (mean and width of Tc distribution) = T0≈2.64 K, Td≈0.57 K (x=0.3); T0≈2.18 K, Td≈0.68 K (x=0.4)
    Gaussian distribution of local Tc introduced ad hoc to capture the gradual rise of σ below the bulk Tc; required for quantitative fits but does not alter the fully-gapped conclusion.
  • σc (possible field-independent excess relaxation) = 0.036(4) MHz
    Optional constant term in the field-dependence fit when Bc2 is fixed to the bulk value; magnitude comparable to systematic error.
assumptions (4)
  • domain assumption Gaussian approximation for the FLL field distribution is valid for λ ≳ 0.3 μm and polycrystalline samples, so Gx(t) = exp(−½σ²t²).
    Standard μSR analysis (Brandt 1988); invoked to extract σs ∝ 1/λ².
  • domain assumption Two-fluid model ns/n = 1 − (T/Tc)⁴ adequately describes the temperature dependence of superfluid density for a fully gapped s-wave state.
    Empirical relation used to test gap structure; deviations at intermediate T are absorbed into the Tc distribution.
  • domain assumption High normal-state resistivity implies ℓ ≪ ξ0 (dirty limit), so Anderson’s theorem washes out gap anisotropy.
    Order-of-magnitude estimate from ρ and assumed vF; central to the interpretation that the observed s-wave response does not rule out unconventional pairing glue.
  • domain assumption Nuclear dipolar contribution σn can be subtracted using earlier ZF/LF μSR results on the same family.
    Cited prior work supplies the baseline; assumed temperature- and field-independent in the TF analysis.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Superconductivity on the verge of metal-insulator transition in Cu$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$Ir$_2$S$_4$ probed by $\mu$SR." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/NNEQNFVM

@misc{pith2026260704628,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Superconductivity on the verge of metal-insulator transition in Cu$_1-x$Zn$_x$Ir$_2$S$_4$ probed by $\mu$SR},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/NNEQNFVM}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.04628}
}
abstract

The thiospinel CuIr$_2$S$_4$ undergoes a metal-insulator transition below $\approx$230 K, which is suppressed by substitution of Cu with Zn (Cu$_{1-x}$Zn$_x$Ir$_2$S$_4$) to induce superconductivity for $0.2\lesssim x\lesssim0.8$. We show that the temperature/field dependence of superfluid density in samples with $x = 0.3$ and 0.4 ($T_{\rm c} \approx 3$ K and 2.5 K) investigated by muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\mu$SR) is consistent with a fully gapped $s$-wave pairing. Meanwhile, the relatively high resistivity (10$^{-3}$-10$^{-2}$ $\Omega\:$cm) in their normal state suggests that the superconductivity is in the "dirty limit" where the mean free path is much shorter than the coherence length ($\ell \ll \xi_0$). This indicates that the potential anisotropy associated with unconventional pairing mechanisms expected under the strong electron correlations is smeared out by the electron scattering. Based on these observations, we discuss potential link between the Zn substitution-induced superconductivity and that recently discovered in CuIr$_2$S$_4$ under high pressure ($>18$ GPa) where the existence of strong electron scattering is also suggested.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.04628 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. shows typical examples of the µSR spectra ob￾served in a sample with x = 0.3, divided into two time do￾mains. In the spectrum for the later time window (6–9 µs), a decrease in asymmetry due to an increase in the relaxation rate can be observed upon the temperature drop from 3.6 K (> Tc) to 19 mK (< Tc). The solid lines in the figure, which represent the fit obtained using Eqs. (1) and (3) closely reproduces the data… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_3.png] view at source ↗

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

41 extracted references

  1. [1]

    Metal-insul ator transition in thiospinel CuIr 2S4,

    S. Nagata, T. Hagino, Y . Seki, and T. Bitoh, “Metal-insul ator transition in thiospinel CuIr 2S4,” Physica B: Condens. Matt. 194-196, 1077–1078 (1994)

    1994

  2. [2]

    Structural and magnetic studies of metal-insulator trans ition in thiospinel CuIr2S4,

    T. Furubayashi, T. Matsumoto, T. Hagino, and S. Nagata, “Structural and magnetic studies of metal-insulator trans ition in thiospinel CuIr2S4,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 63, 3333–3339 (1994)

    1994

  3. [3]

    Metal-insul ator transition at 230 k in a new thiospinel CuIr 2S4,

    T. Hagino, T. Tojo, T. Atake, and S. Nagata, “Metal-insul ator transition at 230 k in a new thiospinel CuIr 2S4,” Philos. Mag. B 71, 881–894 (1995)

    1995

  4. [4]

    Formation of isomorphic Ir 3+ and Ir 4+ octamers and spin dimerization in the spinel CuIr 2S4,

    P . G. Radaelli, Y . Horibe, M. J. Gutmann, H. Ishibashi, C. H. Chen, R. M. Ibberson, Y . Koyama, Y .-S. Hor, V . Kiryukhin, and S.-W. Cheong, “Formation of isomorphic Ir 3+ and Ir 4+ octamers and spin dimerization in the spinel CuIr 2S4,” Nature 416, 155–158 (2002)

    2002

  5. [5]

    Orbitally induced peier ls state in spinels,

    D. I. Khomskii and T. Mizokawa, “Orbitally induced peier ls state in spinels,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 156402 (2005)

    2005

  6. [6]

    Electroni c band structure of sulphide spinels CuM 2S4 (M=Co, Rh, Ir),

    T. Oda, M. Shirai, N. Suzuki, and K. Motizuki, “Electroni c band structure of sulphide spinels CuM 2S4 (M=Co, Rh, Ir),” J. Phys.: Condens. Matt. 7, 4433 (1995)

    1995

  7. [7]

    Effect of pressure on the metal-insulator transition temp erature in thiospinel CuIr 2S4,

    G. Oomi, T. Kagayama, I. Y oshida, T. Hagino, and S. Nagata , “Effect of pressure on the metal-insulator transition temp erature in thiospinel CuIr 2S4,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144, 157– 158 (1995)

    1995

  8. [8]

    NMR studi es of superconductivity and metal-insulator transition in cu spinel CuM2X4 (M = Rh, Ir and X = S, Se),

    K. Kumagai, S. Tsuji, T. Hagino, and S. Nagata, “NMR studi es of superconductivity and metal-insulator transition in cu spinel CuM2X4 (M = Rh, Ir and X = S, Se),” Spectroscopy of Mott Insulators and Correlated Metals, 119, 255–264 (1995)

    1995

Show all 41 references
  1. [9]

    Photoemis- sion study of the metal-insulator transition in CuIr 2S4,

    J. Matsuno, T. Mizokawa, A. Fujimori, D. A. Zatsepin, V . R . Galakhov, E. Z. Kurmaev, Y . Kato, and S. Nagata, “Photoemis- sion study of the metal-insulator transition in CuIr 2S4,” Phys. Rev. B 55, R15979(R)–R15982(R) (1997)

    1997

  2. [10]

    Metal-insulator tra n- sition in the spinel-type CuIr 2(S1− xSex)4 system,

    S. Nagata, N. Matsumoto, Y . Kato, T. Furubayashi, T. Mat - sumoto, J. P . Sanchez, and P . Vulliet, “Metal-insulator tra n- sition in the spinel-type CuIr 2(S1− xSex)4 system,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 6844–6854 (1998)

    1998

  3. [11]

    Optical response of CuIr 2X4 (X=S,Se) due to metal–insulator transition,

    M. Hayashi, M. Nakayama, T. Nanba, T. Matsumoto, J. Tang , and S. Nagata, “Optical response of CuIr 2X4 (X=S,Se) due to metal–insulator transition,” Physica B: Condens. Matt. 281- 282, 631–633 (2000)

    2000

  4. [12]

    Anomalous resistivit y and thermopower of the spinel-type compounds CuIr 2S4 and CuIr2Se4,

    A. T. Burkov, T. Nakama, M. Hedo, K. Shintani, K. Ya- gasaki, N. Matsumoto, and S. Nagata, “Anomalous resistivit y and thermopower of the spinel-type compounds CuIr 2S4 and CuIr2Se4,” Phys. Rev. B 61, 10049–10056 (2000)

    2000

  5. [13]

    In-situ low-temperature transmission elec tron microscopy of the structural phase transitions in a thiospi nel CuIr2S4 compound,

    W. Sun, T. Kimoto, T. Furubayashi, T. Matsumoto, S. Iked a, and S. Nagata, “In-situ low-temperature transmission elec tron microscopy of the structural phase transitions in a thiospi nel CuIr2S4 compound,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 70, 2817–2820 (2001)

    2001

  6. [14]

    X-ray diff raction study on spinel compound CuIr 2S4 with metal–insulator transi- tion,

    H. Ishibashi, T. Sakai, and K. Nakahigashi, “X-ray diff raction study on spinel compound CuIr 2S4 with metal–insulator transi- tion,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226-230, 233–234 (2001)

    2001

  7. [15]

    X- ray-induced disordering of the dimerization pattern and ap par- ent low-temperature enhancement of lattice symmetry in spi nel CuIr2S4,

    H. Ishibashi, T. Y . Koo, Y . S. Hor, A. Borissov, P . G. Radaelli, Y . Horibe, S-W. Cheong, and V . Kiryukhin, “X- ray-induced disordering of the dimerization pattern and ap par- ent low-temperature enhancement of lattice symmetry in spi nel CuIr2S4,” Phys. Rev. B 66, 144424 (2002)

    2002

  8. [16]

    X-ray photoemission study of CuIr2S4: Ir 3+− Ir4+ charge ordering and the effect of light il- lumination,

    K. Takubo, S. Hirata, J.-Y . Son, J. W. Quilty, T. Mizokaw a, N. Matsumoto, and S. Nagata, “X-ray photoemission study of CuIr2S4: Ir 3+− Ir4+ charge ordering and the effect of light il- lumination,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 246401 (2005)

    2005

  9. [17]

    Hopping conductivity in CuIr 2S4 spinel com- pound: I. empirical model for electronic configuration and mechanism of metal–insulator transition,

    K. Yagasaki, T. Nakama, M. Hedo, Y . Uwatoko, Y . Shimoji, S. Notsu, K. Uchima, N. Matsumoto, S. Nagata, H. Okada, H. Fujii, H. Y oshida, H. M. Kimura, Y . Yamaguchi, and A. T. Burkov, “Hopping conductivity in CuIr 2S4 spinel com- pound: I. empirical model for electronic config...

    2006

  10. [18]

    In - gap state and effect of light illumination in CuIr 2S4 probed by photoemission spectroscopy,

    K. Takubo, T. Mizokawa, N. Matsumoto, and S. Nagata, “In - gap state and effect of light illumination in CuIr 2S4 probed by photoemission spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. B 78, 245117 (2008)

    2008

  11. [19]

    Detailed mapping of the local Ir 4+ dimers through the metal-insulator transitions of CuIr 2S4 thiospinel by X-ray atomic pair distribution function measurements,

    E. S. Božin, A. S. Masadeh, Y . S. Hor, J. F. Mitchell, and S. J. L. Billinge, “Detailed mapping of the local Ir 4+ dimers through the metal-insulator transitions of CuIr 2S4 thiospinel by X-ray atomic pair distribution function measurements,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 045501 (2011)

    2011

  12. [20]

    Electron spin resonance study of a CuIr 2S4 single crystal,

    L. Zhang, H. Lei, X. Zhu, W. Tong, C. Zhang, Y . Zhang, and C. Petrovic, “Electron spin resonance study of a CuIr 2S4 single crystal,” Philos. Mag. 93, 1132–1141 (2013)

    2013

  13. [21]

    Magnetic frustration in iridium spinel compound CuIr 2S4,

    K. M. Kojima, R. Kadono, M. Miyazaki, M. Hiraishi, I. Ya- mauchi, A. Koda, Y . Tsuchiya, H. S. Suzuki, and H. Kitazawa, “Magnetic frustration in iridium spinel compound CuIr 2S4,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 087203 (2014)

    2014

  14. [22]

    Spin-orbit coupling in octamers in the spinel sulfide CuIr 2S4: Competition between spin-singlet and quadrupolar states and its relevance to remnant paramag - netism,

    J. Nasu and Y . Motome, “Spin-orbit coupling in octamers in the spinel sulfide CuIr 2S4: Competition between spin-singlet and quadrupolar states and its relevance to remnant paramag - netism,” Phys. Rev. B 90, 045102 (2014)

    2014

  15. [23]

    Opposite pressure effects in the orbitally-induced peierls phase transition systems Cu Ir2S4 and MgTi2O4,

    L. Ma, H. Han, W. Liu, K. Yang, Y . Zhu, C. Zhang, L. Pi, D. Liu, L. Zhang, and Y . Zhang, “Opposite pressure effects in the orbitally-induced peierls phase transition systems Cu Ir2S4 and MgTi2O4,” Dalton Trans. 46, 6708–6714 (2017)

    2017

  16. [24]

    Local orbital degeneracy lifting as a precursor to an orbital-selective peierls transition,

    E. S. Bozin, W. G. Yin, R. J. Koch, M. Abeykoon, Y . S. Hor, H. Zheng, H. C. Lei, C. Petrovic, J. F. Mitchell, and S. J. L. Billinge, “Local orbital degeneracy lifting as a precursor to an orbital-selective peierls transition,” Nature Comm. 10, 3638 (2019)

    2019

  17. [25]

    Suppression of anomalous phonon scattering via Zn substitution in the meta l- lic phase of Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,

    K. Hashimoto, S. Kitani, and H. Kawaji, “Suppression of anomalous phonon scattering via Zn substitution in the meta l- lic phase of Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,” Physica B: Condens. Matt. 629, 413675 (2022)

    2022

  18. [26]

    Metal-insulator transition a nd superconductivity in spinel-type system Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,

    H. Suzuki, T. Furubayashi, G. Cao, H. Kitazawa, A. Kamim ura, K. Hirata, and T. Matsumoto, “Metal-insulator transition a nd superconductivity in spinel-type system Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 68, 2495–2497 (1999) . 6

    1999

  19. [27]

    Suppression of metal-to-insulator transi tion and appearance of superconductivity in Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,

    G. Cao, T. Furubayashi, H. Suzuki, H. Kitazawa, T. Matsu moto, and Y . Uwatoko, “Suppression of metal-to-insulator transi tion and appearance of superconductivity in Cu 1− xZnxIr2S4,” Phys. Rev. B 64, 214514 (2001)

    2001

  20. [28]

    NM R study of the dimerized state in CuIr 2S4,

    K. Kumagai, M. Sasaki, K. Kakuyanagi, and S. Nagata, “NM R study of the dimerized state in CuIr 2S4,” Hyperfine Interactions 159, 181–185 (2004)

    2004

  21. [29]

    Pressure-induced 18 k su- perconductivity and two superconducting phases in CuIr 2S4,

    B. Chen, Y . Gu, D. Wang, D. Shao, W. Deng, X. Han, M. Jin, J. Song, Y . Zeng, H. Ishii, Y .-F. Liao, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, Y . Long, J. Zhu, L. Yang, H. Xiao, J. Nie, Y . Shi, J. Jin, C.and Hu, H. Mao, and Y . Ding, “Pressure-induced 18 k su- perconductivity and two superconduc...

    2026

  22. [30]

    Non-crystalline, amorphou s, and liquid electronic semiconductors,

    A. F. Ioffe and A. P . Regel, “Non-crystalline, amorphou s, and liquid electronic semiconductors,” Prog. Semicond. 4, 237 (1960)

    1960

  23. [31]

    N. F. Mott, Metal-Insulator transitions (Taylor & Francis, Lon- don, 1974/1990)

    1974

  24. [32]

    Superconductivity in ba d met- als,

    V . J. Emery and S. A. Kivelson, “Superconductivity in ba d met- als,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3253–3256 (1995)

    1995

  25. [33]

    Flux distribution and penetration depth measured by muon spin rotation in high- Tc superconductors,

    E. H. Brandt, “Flux distribution and penetration depth measured by muon spin rotation in high- Tc superconductors,” Phys. Rev. B 37, 2349(R)–2352(R) (1988)

    1988

  26. [34]

    Zur thermodynamik des supraleitenden zustandes,

    C. J. Gorter and H. B. G. Casimir, “Zur thermodynamik des supraleitenden zustandes,” Physikalische Zeitschrift 35, 963– 966 (1934)

    1934

  27. [35]

    Theory of the superfluidity of helium II,

    L. Landau, “Theory of the superfluidity of helium II,” Phys. Rev. 60, 356–358 (1941)

    1941

  28. [36]

    Two-fluid model of superconductivity,

    J. Bardeen, “Two-fluid model of superconductivity,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 1, 399–400 (1958)

    1958

  29. [37]

    Superconductivity with lines of gap nodes: den- sity of states in the vortex,

    G. E. V olovik, “Superconductivity with lines of gap nodes: den- sity of states in the vortex,” JETP Lett. 58, 469–473 (1993)

    1993

  30. [38]

    Field dependence of the zero-energy density of states around vor- tices in an anisotropic-gap superconductor,

    N. Nakai, P . Miranovi ´c, M. Ichioka, and K. Machida, “Field dependence of the zero-energy density of states around vor- tices in an anisotropic-gap superconductor,” Phys. Rev. B 70, 100503(R) (2004)

    2004

  31. [39]

    Anisotropic superconducting order parameter in Li- intercalated layered superconductor Li xZrNCl,

    M. Hiraishi, R. Kadono, M. Miyazaki, S. Takeshita, Y . Taguchi, Y . Kasahara, T. Takano, T. Kishiume, and Y . Iwasa, “Anisotropic superconducting order parameter in Li- intercalated layered superconductor Li xZrNCl,” Phys. Rev. B 81, 014525 (2010)

    2010

  32. [40]

    Theory of dirty superconductors,

    P . W. Anderson, “Theory of dirty superconductors,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids 11, 26–30 (1959)

    1959

  33. [41]

    Anomalous quasi- particle excitations in Y(Ni 1− xPtx)2B2C,

    K. Ohishi, K. Kakuta, J. Akimitsu, A. Koda, W. Higemoto, R. Kadono, J. E. Sonier, A. N. Price, R. I. Miller, R. F. Kiefl, M. Nohara, H. Suzuki, and H. Takagi, “Anomalous quasi- particle excitations in Y(Ni 1− xPtx)2B2C,” Physica B: Condens. Matt. 326, 364–368 (2003)

    2003

Pith tools

Reviewed July 11, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.