Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models

As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 62 of 62 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.22549.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.22549 v1

Coverage vector

measured 62 of 62 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:25.493384Z

measured 63 of 63 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-26T21:25:15.709652Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-04T00:09:15.167070Z

Reference resolution

62 of 62 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy30
unresolved28
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation d2172a97-5db9-44bd-940e-f6e3a406a789 · outbound

This paper cites SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models SmolLM2: When Smol Goes Big -- Data-Centric Training of a Small Language Model

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:20.016971Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1182027c-1689-4156-9684-b6ec03755afb · outbound

This paper cites Arjevani, Y.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Arjevani, Y

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:37.319228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 06d66d0d-b985-48ff-b2f1-9020cf6ff699 · outbound

This paper cites Balles and P.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Balles and P

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:37.141686Z

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Observation c2fceca2-3682-44d7-ac14-742348bfe704 · outbound

This paper cites Ben Allal, A.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Ben Allal, A

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:37.023451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1eeb5636-1ece-4a77-b008-610f822a643c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:36.818454Z

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Observation f4aabb6e-e55f-47e6-80f0-2ee6a4b6b9ed · outbound

This paper cites Brown, B.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Brown, B

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:36.553211Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 85f54d5b-9c0d-4c0a-915c-3e936ec6cb40 · outbound

This paper cites Communication-Efficient Language Model Training Scales Reliably and Robustly: Scaling Laws for DiLoCo.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Communication-Efficient Language Model Training Scales Reliably and Robustly: Scaling Laws for DiLoCo

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:20.674049Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 7dcaaa74-a7ad-4b7e-8a40-33a8c294e375 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:36.299354Z

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Observation e397315e-a9c3-4ad6-b551-2f29fe8c7e29 · outbound

This paper cites Cheng and M.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Cheng and M

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:35.995718Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e3cbe639-80a1-4d91-9dfd-0cc96524c175 · outbound

This paper cites Chowdhery, S.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Chowdhery, S

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:35.728657Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 56c4c9b9-d72e-4cab-95bf-0ca6cfe59eab · outbound

This paper cites Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challenge

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.076522Z

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Observation ec5ff9dd-d323-429c-b9ae-5d73bd6acdd0 · outbound

This paper cites DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models DiLoCo: Distributed Low-Communication Training of Language Models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.194758Z

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Observation dc2aca47-b452-4bb7-9d1f-c8ec3322efaa · outbound

This paper cites The Llama 3 Herd of Models.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.241231Z

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Observation fa042afe-7b73-4a30-ba41-43604c9a1a77 · outbound

This paper cites Hägele, E.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Hägele, E

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:35.471669Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation d3ec821f-913d-4e5c-8e05-df2105ea2c9f · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.432532Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 02244ee3-5359-4aac-a49f-4620c7a164eb · outbound

This paper cites Iacob, L.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Iacob, L

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:35.289962Z

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Observation b70640e3-b4a8-44a8-bcc5-5658b1bedac2 · outbound

This paper cites Kairouz, H.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Kairouz, H

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:35.138200Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation acbbcfa6-4117-4adf-9623-1b9f978c102d · outbound

This paper cites Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:21.616016Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 376832bb-4af6-4c5e-8318-9b5c83f6dc18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:34.958988Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e6b5315a-c6d4-4ce1-a797-9a502e0854e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:34.694578Z

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Observation 02b638ad-33a7-4afb-9204-5936a9e00396 · outbound

This paper cites Kunstner, J.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Kunstner, J

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:34.397500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 9ac251c1-d723-4cb9-8bbe-b6c7b1434dd3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:34.195239Z

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Observation 553ec41f-12ed-4230-8365-2b04178fd61e · outbound

This paper cites On Distributed Adaptive Optimization with Gradient Compression.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models On Distributed Adaptive Optimization with Gradient Compression

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.318258Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9070db0e-b562-4e6e-95cd-a603cefe4134 · outbound

This paper cites Asynchronous Local-SGD Training for Language Modeling.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Asynchronous Local-SGD Training for Language Modeling

Reference 24

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 5b730c6a-0274-4a67-89cc-ec0346934cfd · outbound

This paper cites An Improved Analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models An Improved Analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:22.271416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 1ba3bc43-cbaf-4110-8490-f59d8522d991 · outbound

This paper cites McMahan, E.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models McMahan, E

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:33.934171Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 0fdc09ab-3052-41d3-b99f-ce62e1a5d987 · outbound

This paper cites Pagliardini, P.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Pagliardini, P

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:33.696273Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 56b6d560-0ace-49c7-a97d-8e2ebdf0eb02 · outbound

This paper cites Pascanu, T.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Pascanu, T

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:33.513449Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c38cac2e-3901-4c06-9d7c-510c33131ad8 · outbound

This paper cites Penedo, H.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Penedo, H

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:33.317576Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 31724ded-a253-4b0a-82e1-f6fc126e04cd · outbound

This paper cites Rajbhandari, J.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Rajbhandari, J

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:33.137571Z

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Observation de86753f-45cd-41d4-a142-a31a4eb5fa0f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:31.849223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation dd1bc151-ab41-426d-81d6-81c6d1a113fa · outbound

This paper cites Romero, J.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Romero, J

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:31.172018Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9670be89-79d8-4266-9918-a33f2a890c84 · outbound

This paper cites The Future of Large Language Model Pre-training is Federated.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models The Future of Large Language Model Pre-training is Federated

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.000067Z

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Observation f35efcc2-b8a9-4ef4-9009-2212069bb9b6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:30.926712Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 7dc45ccc-7726-4c18-be64-1d6f46d010bd · outbound

This paper cites Sardana, J.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Sardana, J

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:30.730065Z

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Observation 1633bc0d-b3c6-455e-9726-e95d9252e04f · outbound

This paper cites BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.210344Z

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Observation 0edd5e36-f54c-4ea8-9d15-ad58925c83a3 · outbound

This paper cites Horovod: fast and easy distributed deep learning in TensorFlow.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Horovod: fast and easy distributed deep learning in TensorFlow

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.272737Z

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Observation dcc13d16-0859-42b1-878a-2b6d86398f7b · outbound

This paper cites Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.388282Z

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Observation fc3c1ede-4716-4da3-a7af-1cd3deb103ae · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:30.297874Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1c8d626d-472d-4307-b3eb-49323cc5fe02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:30.060945Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation fae14c7f-d9e3-4107-9ccf-58096e679471 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:29.939892Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3e0828f0-b59b-4972-9592-a2c521a7d14a · outbound

This paper cites Sutskever, J.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Sutskever, J

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:29.727166Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 284a3f56-ed13-49ee-b690-91e29127956b · outbound

This paper cites Taniguchi, K.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Taniguchi, K

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:29.456801Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1e361132-4e09-46ec-b25e-2197c8203fa1 · outbound

This paper cites Touvron, L.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Touvron, L

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.868628Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11adccbd-73df-459a-b8f8-7ffb50aaaf5d · outbound

This paper cites A Field Guide to Federated Optimization.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models A Field Guide to Federated Optimization

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:23.936074Z

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4b52a0a3-13e7-4cda-8ad3-3c5fbfa43fb7 · outbound

This paper cites Wortsman, T.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Wortsman, T

Reference 46

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:29.272497Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9b8a6365-cff8-4b6e-94ef-da7de7d9d3d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:29.040628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation cd03e95e-8439-4bc0-a05e-d05eed787a6f · outbound

This paper cites On the Linear Speedup Analysis of Communication Efficient Momentum SGD for Distributed Non-Convex Optimization.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models On the Linear Speedup Analysis of Communication Efficient Momentum SGD for Distributed Non-Convex Optimization

Reference 48

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.051565Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 5b0172b0-644d-41ee-a673-1a941bf38ccd · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting Optimal Convergence Rate for Smooth and Non-convex Stochastic Decentralized Optimization.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Revisiting Optimal Convergence Rate for Smooth and Non-convex Stochastic Decentralized Optimization

Reference 49

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:25.744102Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6eef702e-2002-468c-8be1-d59019a01988 · outbound

This paper cites Zellers, A.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Zellers, A

Reference 50

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:28.884976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9baf1577-4e6d-4ae4-ae60-cbfa1c113c7b · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, D.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Zhang, D

Reference 51

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:28.718210Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation d1fc6803-060c-4bd3-b437-6bf27ee7b888 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, C.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Zhang, C

Reference 52

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:28.462537Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 3cfae97b-22f2-47a0-887e-05acd4d4b233 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 53

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:28.241838Z

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4130c04a-182c-4b4f-9db3-1f4c5cded0bb · outbound

This paper cites Starting from the recommended baseline learning rate (η0) from Allal et al.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Starting from the recommended baseline learning rate (η0) from Allal et al

Reference 54

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:28.064042Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2f86a6c2-fac7-40d6-8d20-bcb3e60a948c · outbound

This paper cites We then repeat this procedure for Local Adam , using η∗ DDP as the new baseline.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models We then repeat this procedure for Local Adam , using η∗ DDP as the new baseline

Reference 55

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:27.910261Z

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Observation a47370d2-6703-46b3-a6ba-9cb97ecfc5dd · outbound

This paper cites 2a by including results on the heterogeneous data dis- tribution described in Section 4.1.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models 2a by including results on the heterogeneous data dis- tribution described in Section 4.1

Reference 56

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:27.665023Z

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Observation 84a2cd1c-e0d3-4019-bc13-1279e37a1492 · outbound

This paper cites 4 by showing the separate impact of varying synchro- nization frequencies for parameters and the second momentum when the base frequency is Kb = 16.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models 4 by showing the separate impact of varying synchro- nization frequencies for parameters and the second momentum when the base frequency is Kb = 16

Reference 57

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:27.393938Z

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Observation 072682f0-0c24-4435-8b21-291f702ca700 · outbound

This paper cites 4 by evaluatingDES-LOC-Adam.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models 4 by evaluatingDES-LOC-Adam

Reference 58

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:27.177192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation adafeeb5-6161-44ab-9cd6-4ed87e2d9bed · outbound

This paper cites 5 by showing DES-LOC-ADOPT’s perplexity against baseline methods on heterogeneous data (as defined in Section 4.1).

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models 5 by showing DES-LOC-ADOPT’s perplexity against baseline methods on heterogeneous data (as defined in Section 4.1)

Reference 59

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.988547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation fdb9cb9d-a4d9-4009-bb60-b631ec4d23a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 60

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.837297Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation c596c3a4-92a7-41c7-ab4b-b3e0fe3fafd1 · outbound

This paper cites 5 for DES-LOC-Adam, demon- strating that DES-LOC achieves similar communication reductions and performance when using Adam instead of ADOPT.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models 5 for DES-LOC-Adam, demon- strating that DES-LOC achieves similar communication reductions and performance when using Adam instead of ADOPT

Reference 61

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.688336Z

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Observation 60c5d486-d6dd-416d-9b5e-8ebfe01f3065 · outbound

This paper cites standard.

DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models standard

Reference 62

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:13:26.537852Z

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Pith citing papers

Observation 4e410f05-9633-4292-9045-ef6ea71e3455 · inbound

FoMoE: Breaking the Full-Replica Barrier with a Federation of MoEs cites this paper.

FoMoE: Breaking the Full-Replica Barrier with a Federation of MoEs DES-LOC: Desynced Low Communication Adaptive Optimizers for Training Foundation Models

Reference 110

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-04T00:09:15.169175Z

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