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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 57 of 57 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.15357.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.15357 v1

Coverage vector

measured 57 of 57 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:37:31.598981Z

measured 57 of 57 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

57 of 57 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact13
  • verified fuzzy2
  • unresolved42
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 9ede84e4-1da3-4839-bbd9-9a468eda75c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation dec05e89-d664-45d8-b781-691ce30a05a5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation feb59ebe-c870-4fc6-a4b4-ea4bb76de5f5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 8a4bb5c9-9e07-49ae-a6ea-93ee6af86f49 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 7cce030b-bac5-4369-8424-437e3ec5ad67 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation cad1c71f-7ec2-46b8-9fc2-7b479bc18f88 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 15143a9c-04fd-41c6-bf32-4e64ddf0eef8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 83392e3f-f55f-4212-ad42-8cc703113640 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 517725ed-19bb-48cf-bd67-348036aacd6b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation f5ea61f6-7dcf-41e7-91a5-5af9d7d12522 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 5dd9c114-9c57-41a7-92e6-068e8a21d428 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 4dc70b85-0f21-43c7-af37-8babb1426c0d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 80bad911-8833-47eb-9d7a-34f76581860a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 459a2dcd-a799-49c8-b86d-7392c86a8d7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation a3ff256e-ce9b-4ef7-b155-c82ee1dea299 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation f873078e-b9cc-42da-b040-3485af4a0376 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation d9586b21-75cb-4015-9e40-480a717a9df5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation b33a22ac-e012-45ff-9579-5ad4ddf8ee85 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 4d4cf066-2af4-40ab-b5d6-b1afac8bd0a1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation b595fcdf-4069-46e7-b234-3a99ea6b3a12 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding The Llama 3 Herd of Models

Reference 20

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ba07fedd-4069-4b01-bf23-f70006928840 · outbound

This paper cites Donatelli.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Donatelli

Reference 21

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 620f0640-b9ee-4f51-9e48-6a9d6f3817b9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation d1ca4ff1-6973-4313-bab3-581bcc644ac7 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 94a5da2e-e2f4-45fd-a70f-d3f3194528ca · outbound

This paper cites Mistral 7B.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Mistral 7B

Reference 24

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 2a588a58-3dbf-48f1-b23b-9668f8646a40 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 81e267b3-636b-45c2-86c8-46e384bcc226 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 2b1f537b-df35-4165-b0eb-ea25e3d70f80 · outbound

This paper cites Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Gonzalez, Hao Zhang, and Ion Stoica

Reference 27

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 3cb32bb5-6d08-438b-a2ad-cd367d863900 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 81f31e2e-6cfa-4ea0-9c73-21c0fefc9977 · outbound

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Reference 29

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verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation 646731c7-4a75-4221-adc4-a5d16d856a9c · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 5c05a6ed-a9ee-4659-a7d3-78a63a25ff72 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 40f7bce1-2e31-447b-8032-0ae0303c9d0c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 45376b2c-a26e-49e6-88b7-4536486bf72e · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 33

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation ca411ece-ac52-4227-b6c1-eea9e574ab92 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Interpreting Verbal Metaphors by Paraphrasing

Reference 34

Resolution
verified exact
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 778f22d2-5a77-4eab-8f0e-b2786b105b5e · outbound

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Reference 35

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation c4c520c7-e9c9-4ded-84eb-3a76eab39975 · outbound

This paper cites Tomlinson, and D.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Tomlinson, and D

Reference 36

Resolution
verified fuzzy
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 705c5561-1619-48e2-ae3c-29551b57c9f0 · outbound

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Reference 37

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation 199ed3a6-722f-4964-95f3-5d7b76b098c7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Reference 39

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Observation 7288d478-b0f4-4a28-9c26-8368bcbe992c · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

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Observation 3f0225f3-7e6b-43b2-86bb-f46a6d4a7472 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer.

Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer

Reference 41

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Meta4XNLI: A Crosslingual Parallel Corpus for Metaphor Detection and Interpretation

Reference 43

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Reference 44

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Observation 9b08b409-67e1-4122-bbff-812b540bbb64 · outbound

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Reference 45

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 46

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Observation a6766fd4-88f6-415d-b60d-4ab30951eb5d · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 47

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

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Reference 49

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Observation 6c03ce67-f6f1-4b81-9297-1ac1080f025b · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technology

Reference 50

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 59dedf78-5815-446b-8270-207162080f0d · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 51

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 52

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 50453a11-5722-478d-89c8-8e9f39ec0c5b · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 53

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 9a13146e-4228-41c8-b73c-544fa3000bba · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.

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Observation ac8a9385-81c1-4060-a7ab-fb1c55a79ba8 · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 56

Resolution
unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 09eed9c4-55c4-4fce-b1f0-23e81a0e66de · outbound

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Metaphor and Large Language Models: When Surface Features Matter More than Deep Understanding write newline

Reference 57

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unresolved
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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.