Pith. sign in

REVIEW 5 major objections 4 minor 39 references

Spin- and Angle-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Bismuthene and its Precursor Phase

T0 review · 5 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-05 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Spin- and angle-resolved photoemission directly resolves Rashba-split valence bands in bismuthene and its precursor.

desk verdict First spin-resolved ARPES on bismuthene and its precursor, with a defensible central result, but an unexplained constant Py offset in one precursor EDC and missing error bars are real caveats that need addressing. read the letter →

arxiv 2608.00526 v1 pith:O6BE4QDW submitted 2026-08-01 cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Niclas Tilgner , Andres David Peña Unigarro , Susanne Wolff , Mats Leandersson , Craig Polley , Fabian Göhler , Sibylle Gemming , Thomas Seyller
show 1 more author
Philip Schädlich
This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords bismuthenespintexturespin-momentumlockingRashbaeffectspin-orbitcouplingspin-resolvedARPESquantumHallinsulatorgraphene/SiCinterface
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper uses spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to map the spin polarization of the low-energy valence bands in bismuthene, a candidate room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulator, and in its topologically trivial precursor. It resolves, for the first time in the precursor, two oppositely spin-polarized bands split in energy by roughly 0.2 eV, direct evidence that spin-orbit coupling lifts spin degeneracy. For bismuthene, the measured in-plane spin texture matches DFT calculations, including cubic Rashba deviations from purely tangential locking. A finite out-of-plane polarization is also found, but the paper argues this is a final-state photoemission artifact rather than an initial-state property. The precursor's Bi coverage is revised to 1/3 ML, implying the transition to bismuthene proceeds by lateral contraction.

What carries the argument

The load-bearing objects are the Rashba-split valence bands E1/E2 (precursor) and B1/B2 (bismuthene), measured with a VLEED spin detector that resolves all three spin components, and the DFT spin textures computed for the revised 1/3 ML T4 precursor and the 2/3 ML T1 bismuthene structures. The argument is carried by comparing the measured spin polarization vectors with the calculated textures: cubic Rashba terms allowed by C3v symmetry explain the non-tangential in-plane component, the mirror-plane geometry forbids out-of-plane polarization along ΓK, and final-state interference is invoked for the remaining out-of-plane signal.

What would settle it

Measure the out-of-plane spin polarization of bismuthene's valence bands while sweeping photon energy and light polarization: if the Pz signal changes sign or magnitude with those parameters, the final-state interference explanation is supported; if it stays fixed, an initial-state origin cannot be dismissed. Also compute DFT with the graphene overlayer included and check whether the 0.3 eV shift and the predicted in-plane spin texture survive.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is that Rashba spin-momentum locking is directly observable in both the precursor phase and the quantum spin Hall phase of bismuthene. In the precursor, spin-resolved EDCs split into two contributions with opposite in-plane polarization, separated by about 0.2 eV, matching the DFT bands E1 and E2, and the spin direction winds tangentially around the constant-energy contours. In bismuthene, the in-plane spin texture of the B1 and B2 valence bands reproduces the DFT prediction, including a non-tangential component attributed to cubic terms in the spin-orbit Hamiltonian allowed by C3v symmetry; the same winding direction at K and K' is observed, ruling out opposite spin te

Load-bearing premise

The spin-texture comparison rests on DFT calculations that omit the graphene overlayer and are shifted by 0.3 eV to match experiment; if the omitted layer or the assumed 1/3 ML T4 structure changes the band ordering or spin direction, the claimed agreement would not hold.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • The low-energy valence bands of bismuthene are spin-split and spin-momentum locked in the direction DFT predicts, reinforcing the quantum spin Hall insulator description.
  • The precursor's valence bands are also Rashba-split by roughly 0.2 eV, so spin-resolved ARPES can resolve features invisible to spin-integrated ARPES.
  • Because the precursor is 1/3 ML rather than 2/3 ML, hydrogenation contracts the Bi layer instead of merely displacing it; bismuthene islands form inside an H-intercalated graphene matrix.
  • The out-of-plane spin polarization seen in bismuthene is assigned to final-state photoemission effects, meaning spin-resolved ARPES on strong spin-orbit materials can show apparent spin textures absent from the ground state.
  • Graphene's pi-bands remain spin-unpolarized in both phases, ruling out a strong proximity-induced spin polarization in the capping layer.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If the final-state interpretation is correct, the out-of-plane polarization should vary systematically with photon energy and light geometry; this is a direct test the authors did not perform.
  • The revised 1/3 ML coverage suggests hydrogenation could be used as a patterning tool: partial hydrogenation would template bismuthene islands with controlled size, an idea not developed in the paper.
  • The same spin-resolved EDC splitting technique could reveal Rashba-split bands in other buried or capped 2D systems where the splitting is smaller than the linewidth.
  • Including graphene in the DFT calculation may remove the 0.3 eV offset and test whether the precursor spin texture survives a more realistic environment, strengthening or revising the structural assignment.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

5 major / 4 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports spin- and angle-resolved photoemission experiments on the Bi precursor and bismuthene phases at the graphene/SiC interface. The central claim is that spin-resolved EDCs and MDCs resolve two oppositely spin-polarized valence bands in both phases, demonstrating Rashba-type spin-momentum locking and Kramers doublets. The paper also revises the precursor Bi coverage from 2/3 ML to 1/3 ML, reinterpreting the hydrogenation-induced transition as a lateral contraction, and reports a finite out-of-plane spin polarization in bismuthene that is attributed to final-state photoemission effects rather than to the initial state. Experimental spin textures are compared with DFT predictions throughout.

Significance. If the observations hold, this is a valuable direct confirmation of the spin texture of bismuthene and its precursor, lending support to the quantum-spin-Hall picture of bismuthene. The paper has notable strengths: the raw spin-resolved data are provided in the SI, the measurement setup and polarization extraction are described in detail, and the main spin-texture comparison is not circular—the DFT spin textures were not fitted to the spin-resolved data, and the 0.3 eV offset and 1/3 ML model were chosen to match spin-integrated dispersions, not the spin polarizations. However, the quantitative support for the key claims is weakened by an unexplained constant P_y offset in one precursor EDC, by the absence of error bars or statistical tests on all P traces, and by DFT comparisons that omit the graphene overlayer. These issues need to be addressed before the claims can be considered fully established.

major comments (5)
  1. [Section II, Fig. 2(k)-(l)] The nearly constant negative P_y offset is explicitly described as 'independent of whether the signal originates from E1 or E2' and its origin is stated to be unclear. This directly contradicts the expectation of two oppositely polarized states at a given k, and it is load-bearing for the precursor spin-momentum-locking claim. Since the arrows in Figs. 2(a)-(b) are determined from the P_x and P_y values measured at the E1 and E2 maxima in Figs. 2(g) and 2(j), the unexplained offset is folded into the displayed spin texture. Please either identify and remove the instrumental/geometric origin of the offset, or restrict the claim to the cleanly reversing P_x component and show explicitly how the offset affects the arrow directions.
  2. [All spin-resolved figures, e.g. Figs. 2(d-g), 4(d-g), 5(c-g)] No error bars or statistical significance tests are reported for any spin-polarization trace. This is particularly important for the new out-of-plane P_z claim in Fig. 5(g), where a 'significant' polarization and sign reversal are asserted. The raw data in SI Sec. VI contain multiple scans; please propagate counting statistics through the asymmetry and Sherman-function analysis, and state significance thresholds for the sign reversals and for the E1/E2 component separations.
  3. [Methods and SI Sec. I] The DFT calculations omit the graphene overlayer, and the precursor bands are rigidly shifted by 0.3 eV to match experiment. The claimed agreement of the measured spin texture with DFT (Figs. 2, 4, 5) depends on this model. If the graphene overlayer or a different adsorption configuration changes the spin texture or band ordering, the agreement would be less compelling. Please justify the omission or test its robustness, for example by including graphene in at least one calculation or by comparing spin textures for the T4 and H3 adsorption models.
  4. [Section II, coverage revision] The revised 1/3 ML coverage for the precursor is presented as an important structural conclusion with implications for the phase transition, but the evidence in this manuscript appears to be the DFT overlay in Fig. 1(a) rather than an independent experimental determination. Please provide direct evidence (e.g., quantitative core-level analysis, XSW, or STM) or explicitly state that the coverage is inferred from the DFT match. As written, the lateral-contraction interpretation of the hydrogenation transition rests on an assumption that is not established here.
  5. [Section III, Fig. 5(g) and SI Sec. IV] The out-of-plane P_z is attributed to final-state interference, but no model, calculation, or photon-energy/polarization dependence is provided to support this attribution. The text already calls this a hypothesis, which is appropriate, but the summary states it more strongly as the established explanation. Please either add a quantitative test of the final-state mechanism or soften the summary to clearly identify the final-state origin as a tentative interpretation, not a demonstrated result.
minor comments (4)
  1. [SI Sec. VI, Figs. S6-S13] The raw-data figures appear to contain garbled or unreadable labels in the version provided, making it difficult to verify which coil/rotator configuration corresponds to each panel. Please ensure the figure text is legible and that the arrangement described in the text matches the displayed labels.
  2. [Methods, spin-polarization formalism] The Sherman function is given as S = 0.29, but no uncertainty is stated. Since all P_i values and the derived C±i intensities depend linearly on S, please quote the uncertainty of S or the resulting systematic error on P_i.
  3. [Figs. 2(a)-(b) and 4(a)-(b)] The arrows indicating measured spin polarization would benefit from a statement of their uncertainty and from a clear indication that some arrows include the unexplained P_y offset (precursor) or are based on a single EDC per momentum point. This would help readers judge the significance of the tangential versus non-tangential components.
  4. [Section III, K/K' domain averaging] The argument that equal averaging of S2 and S2* terraces prevents cancellation is plausible, but the assumption of exactly equal signal is stated without support. A brief justification or an estimate of the domain imbalance would strengthen the interpretation.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the DFT spin textures are independent predictions compared against (not fitted to) the spin-resolved data; the main limitations (unexplained precursor Py offset, untested final-state Pz hypothesis) are correctness risks, not forced fits.

full rationale

The central claim—spin-resolved ARPES resolves two oppositely spin-polarized valence bands whose in-plane spin texture matches DFT—does not reduce to its inputs. The DFT spin textures are parameter-free outputs of an assumed structural model (1/3 ML Bi on T4 sites for the precursor; T1 honeycomb for bismuthene), and no spin-polarization data were used in constructing them. The only fitted quantity is a rigid 0.3 eV band offset (SI Sec. I), chosen to match the spin-integrated dispersion; a rigid shift cannot determine spin directions or sign reversals. The EDC decomposition C±i = Itot/2(1±Pi) is definitional, but the sign reversals of Pi(E) are raw measured asymmetries, and the E1/E2 assignment follows the DFT energy ordering; the measured ~0.2 eV splitting compared with the DFT-predicted splitting is a genuine quantitative test. Self-citations to Refs [11,18] provide T4/T1 sites and S2/S2* terraces via independent X-ray standing wave and surface-diffraction experiments, which are externally falsifiable and so count as real evidence (rule 4). No uniqueness theorem or Rashba ansatz is imported from the authors' own work; the cubic-Rashba and final-state-interference interpretations cite independent literature [21-23,25-28]. Flagged limitations, weighed but not circular: (i) the precursor 'nearly constant negative offset in Py... The origin of this behavior remains unclear' (Sec. II, Figs. 2k-l) is an unexplained discrepancy that weakens the tangential-texture and opposite-polarization claims—a correctness risk, not a forced fit; (ii) the bismuthene out-of-plane Pz is attributed to an untested final-state hypothesis ('We hypothesize...', Sec. III); (iii) the revised 1/3 ML coverage is inferred from the DFT dispersion match (with the 0.3 eV offset), so the lateral-contraction conclusion inherits that assumption; (iv) the same-winding conclusion at K/K' assumes equal S2/S2* domain weights (Sec. III). These do not make any prediction equal to its input.

Assumptions & free parameters 3 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

Central spin-texture claims rest on DFT band assignment, Rashba interpretation, domain averaging, and a final-state-effect hypothesis for Pz. Free parameters include a 0.3 eV band offset, the assumed 1/3 ML precursor coverage, and background model choices. No invented entities.

free parameters (3)
  • DFT rigid band offset = +0.3 eV applied to calculated precursor bands
    SI Sec. I: calculated bands shifted by 0.3 eV to match experimental dispersion because graphene was omitted. A fitted parameter, not used for spin texture prediction itself.
  • Precursor Bi coverage = 1/3 ML at T4 hollow sites
    Section II: coverage inferred by matching DFT dispersion to ARPES; previous model assumed 2/3 ML. No independent coverage measurement is presented.
  • Background model for EDC/MDC analysis = linear for precursor, linear times Fermi-Dirac for bismuthene, constant for MDC
    SI Sec. VI: different background functions chosen per dataset, coefficients fitted per scan. These choices affect extracted spin polarization and C plus/minus intensities.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption DFT-GGA-PBE with fully relativistic pseudopotentials and SOC accurately predicts low-energy band dispersion and spin texture of the Bi/SiC system.
    Used for band overlays and spin texture comparison in Figs. 1-5; graphene omitted from calculations, so accuracy is assumed.
  • domain assumption The measured spin polarization of photoelectrons reflects the initial-state spin polarization, except for the bismuthene out-of-plane component attributed to final-state effects.
    Central to the spin-momentum locking interpretation; the exception for Pz is introduced only when TR symmetry is violated.
  • domain assumption S2 and S2* rotational domains contribute equally to the photoemission signal.
    Section III: assumption used to argue K and K' cannot have opposite spin textures; average terrace width is two orders of magnitude smaller than spot size. If unequal, the argument weakens.
  • ad hoc to paper The out-of-plane spin polarization in bismuthene originates from final-state interference and not initial-state properties.
    Section III and Summary: explicitly a hypothesis with no calculation; used to reconcile observed Pz with TR symmetry.
  • standard math Rashba model and cubic Rashba terms allowed by C3v symmetry explain non-tangential spin texture.
    Section III; cites Refs [21,22] for higher-order Rashba contributions.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Spin- and Angle-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Bismuthene and its Precursor Phase." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/O6BE4QDW

@misc{pith2026260800526,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Spin- and Angle-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Bismuthene and its Precursor Phase},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/O6BE4QDW}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2608.00526}
}
read the original abstract

Recent studies have revealed that a confined bismuth layer at the graphene/SiC interface can be reversibly switched between a topologically trivial precursor phase and the quantum spin Hall insulator bismuthene. Here, we present a detailed spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study of both structures, resolving the spin texture of their low-energy electronic states. Owing to the strong intrinsic spin-orbit coupling of bismuth and the asymmetric confinement potential at the interface, the valence bands of both structures are Rashba-split. We demonstrate the expected spin-momentum locking for both phases and Kramers' doublets through the investigation of the valence bands' spin polarization at multiple positions in reciprocal space.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2608.00526 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (3 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: illustrates two representative combinations of coil and rotator settings: C1R+ in (a) and C2R− in (b). By combining all four configurations (C1R+, C1R−, C2R+, and C2R−), the complete 3D spin polarization vector of the photoelectron beam could be determined, as outlined…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

39 extracted references · 31 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    K¨ onig, S

    M. K¨ onig, S. Wiedmann, C. Brune, A. Roth, H. Buh- mann, L. W. Molenkamp, X.-L. Qi, and S.-C. Zhang, Quantum spin Hall insulator state in HgTe quantum wells, Science318, 766 (2007)

    2007

  2. [2]

    A. Roth, C. Br¨ une, H. Buhmann, L. W. Molenkamp, J. Maciejko, X.-L. Qi, and S.-C. Zhang, Nonlocal Trans- port in the Quantum Spin Hall State, Science325, 294 (2009)

    work page 2009

  3. [3]

    C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele, Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene, Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 226801 (2005)

    2005

  4. [4]

    C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele,Z 2 Topological Order and the Quantum Spin Hall Effect, Phys. Rev. Lett.95, 146802 (2005)

    2005

  5. [5]

    Nayak, S

    C. Nayak, S. H. Simon, A. Stern, M. Freedman, and S. Das Sarma, Non-abelian anyons and topological quan- tum computation, Rev. Mod. Phys.80, 1083 (2008)

    2008

  6. [6]

    M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, Colloquium: Topological insulators, Rev. Mod. Phys.82, 3045 (2010)

    2010

  7. [7]

    Tokura, M

    Y. Tokura, M. Kawasaki, and N. Nagaosa, Emergent functions of quantum materials, Nat. Phys.13, 1056 (2017)

    2017

  8. [8]

    W. Han, Y. Otani, and S. Maekawa, Quantum materials for spin and charge conversion, npj Quant. Mater.3, 27 (2018)

    work page 2018

Show all 39 references
  1. [9]

    M. S. Lodge, S. A. Yang, S. Mukherjee, and B. We- ber, Atomically thin quantum spin Hall insulators, Adv. Mater.33, 2008029 (2021)

    2021

  2. [10]

    F. Reis, G. Li, L. Dudy, M. Bauernfeind, S. Glass, W. Hanke, R. Thomale, J. Sch¨ afer, and R. Claessen, Bis- muthene on a SiC substrate: A candidate for a high- temperature quantum spin Hall material, Science357, 287 (2017)

    2017

  3. [11]

    Tilgner, S

    N. Tilgner, S. Wolff, S. Soubatch, T.-L. Lee, A. D. Pe˜ na Unigarro, S. Gemming, F. S. Tautz, T. Seyller, C. Kumpf, F. G¨ ohler, and P. Sch¨ adlich, Reversible switching of the environment-protected quantum spin Hall insulator bismuthene at the graphene/SiC interface, Nat. Com...

    2025

  4. [12]

    Gehrig, C

    L. Gehrig, C. Schmitt, J. Erhardt, B. Liu, T. Wagner, M. Kamp, S. Moser, and R. Claessen, Bismuthene under cover: Graphene intercalation of a large gap quantum spin hall insulator, Adv. Mater.37, 2502412 (2025)

    2025

  5. [13]

    Hsu, Z.-Q

    C.-H. Hsu, Z.-Q. Huang, F.-C. Chuang, C.-C. Kuo, Y.- T. Liu, H. Lin, and A. Bansil, The nontrivial electronic structure of Bi/Sb honeycombs on SiC(0001), New J. Phys.17, 025005 (2015)

    2015

  6. [14]

    G. Li, W. Hanke, E. M. Hankiewicz, F. Reis, J. Sch¨ afer, R. Claessen, C. Wu, and R. Thomale, Theoretical paradigm for the quantum spin Hall effect at high tem- peratures, Phys. Rev. B98, 165146 (2018)

    2018

  7. [15]

    Y. Sohn, S. W. Jung, F. G¨ ohler, W. J. Shin, S. Cha, T. Seyller, and K. S. Kim, Electronic band structure of Bi-intercalate layers in graphene and SiC(0001), J. Ko- rean Phys. Soc.78, 157 (2021)

    2021

  8. [16]

    J. H. Dil, Spin-and angle-resolved photoemission on topo- logical materials, Electron. Struct.1, 023001 (2019)

    2019

  9. [17]

    H. T. Ngo, Z. Mamiyev, N. Tilgner, A. D. Pe˜ na Unigarro, S. Gemming, T. Seyller, and C. Tegenkamp, Graphene- capped bismuthene on SiC as a platform for corre- lated quantum spin Hall edge states, arXiv preprint , arXiv:2603.02397 (2026)

    2026

  10. [18]

    Tilgner, S

    N. Tilgner, S. Wolff, S. Soubatch, T.-L. Lee, F. G¨ ohler, F. S. Tautz, T. Seyller, P. Sch¨ adlich, and C. Kumpf, Solv- ing the phase problem of diffraction: x-ray standing wave imaging on bismuthene/SiC(0001), 2D Mater.12, 045020 (2025)

    2025

  11. [19]

    M. Zhou, W. Ming, Z. Liu, Z. Wang, P. Li, and F. Liu, Epitaxial growth of large-gap quantum spin Hall insu- lator on semiconductor surface, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.111, 14378 (2014)

    2014

  12. [20]

    M. Zhou, W. Ming, Z. Liu, Z. Wang, Y. Yao, and F. Liu, Formation of quantum spin Hall state on Si surface and energy gap scaling with strength of spin orbit coupling, Sci. Rep.4, 7102 (2014)

    2014

  13. [21]

    Vajna, E

    S. Vajna, E. Simon, A. Szilva, K. Palotas, B. Uj- falussy, and L. Szunyogh, Higher-order contributions to the Rashba-Bychkov effect with application to the Bi/Ag(111) surface alloy, Phys. Rev. B85, 075404 (2012)

    2012

  14. [22]

    H. J. Zhao, H. Nakamura, R. Arras, C. Paillard, P. Chen, J. Gosteau, X. Li, Y. Yang, and L. Bellaiche, Purely cubic spin splittings with persistent spin textures, Phys. Rev. Lett.125, 216405 (2020)

    2020

  15. [23]

    K. Yaji, K. Kuroda, S. Toyohisa, A. Harasawa, Y. Ishida, S. Watanabe, C. Chen, K. Kobayashi, F. Komori, and S. Shin, Spin-dependent quantum interference in pho- toemission process from spin-orbit coupled states, Nat. Commun.8, 14588 (2017)

    2017

  16. [24]

    B. A. Bernevig, Topological insulators and topological superconductors, (2013)

    2013

  17. [25]

    Heinzmann and J

    U. Heinzmann and J. H. Dil, Spin–orbit-induced photo- electron spin polarization in angle-resolved photoemis- sion from both atomic and condensed matter targets, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter24, 173001 (2012)

    2012

  18. [26]

    Bentmann, H

    H. Bentmann, H. Maaß, E. E. Krasovskii, T. R. F. Peixoto, C. Seibel, M. Leandersson, T. Balasubrama- 12 nian, and F. Reinert, Strong linear dichroism in spin- polarized photoemission from spin-orbit-coupled surface states, Phys. Rev. Lett.119, 106401 (2017)

    2017

  19. [27]

    Moser, A toy model for dichroism in angle re- solved photoemission, J

    S. Moser, A toy model for dichroism in angle re- solved photoemission, J. Electron Spectrosc.262, 147278 (2023)

    2023

  20. [28]

    Kuroda, K

    K. Kuroda, K. Yaji, M. Nakayama, A. Harasawa, Y. Ishida, S. Watanabe, C.-T. Chen, T. Kondo, F. Komori, and S. Shin, Coherent control over three- dimensional spin polarization for the spin-orbit coupled surface state of Bi 2Se3, Phys. Rev. B94, 165162 (2016)

    2016

  21. [29]

    Kruskopf, D

    M. Kruskopf, D. M. Pakdehi, K. Pierz, S. Wundrack, R. Stosch, T. Dziomba, M. G¨ otz, J. Baringhaus, J. Apro- janz, C. Tegenkamp, J. Lidzba, T. Seyller, F. Hohls, F. J. Ahlers, and H. W. Schumacher, Comeback of epitaxial graphene for electronics: large-area growth of bilayer-fr...

    2016

  22. [30]

    J. Guse, S. Wundrack, M. Eckert, P. Richter, S. Wolff, N. Tilgner, P. Sch¨ adlich, M. Gruschwitz, K. K¨ uster, B. Harling, M. Wenderoth, C. Tegenkamp, T. Seyller, R. Stosch, K. Pierz, H. W. Schumacher, and T. Tschirner, Growth dynamics of graphene buffer layer formation on ult...

    2025

  23. [31]

    Wolff, M

    S. Wolff, M. Hutter, P. Sch¨ adlich, H. Yin, M. Stet- tner, S. Wenzel, F. S. Tautz, F. C. Bocquet, T. Seyller, and C. Kumpf, Bi-intercalated epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001), New J. Phys.26, 103009 (2024)

    2024

  24. [32]

    Gonze, B

    X. Gonze, B. Amadon, P.-M. Anglade, J.-M. Beuken, F. Bottin, P. Boulanger, F. Bruneval, D. Caliste, R. Cara- cas, M. Cˆ ot´ e, T. Deutsch, L. Genovese, P. Ghosez, M. Gi- antomassi, S. Goedecker, D. R. Hamann, P. Hermet, F. Jollet, G. Jomard, S. Leroux, M. Mancini, S. Mazevet, ...

    2009

  25. [33]

    J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, and M. Ernzerhof, Generalized gradient approximation made simple, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)

    1996

  26. [34]

    Herath, P

    U. Herath, P. Tavadze, X. He, E. Bousquet, S. Singh, F. Mu˜ noz, and A. H. Romero, Pyprocar: A python li- brary for electronic structure pre/post-processing, Com- put. Phys. Commun.251, 107080 (2020)

    2020

  27. [35]

    Blochdocs,https://blochdocs.maxiv.lu.se/ analyzerPhoibos.html, accessed: 2026-03-05

    2026

  28. [36]

    Okuda, K

    T. Okuda, K. Miyamoto, A. Kimura, H. Namatame, and M. Taniguchi, A double VLEED spin detector for high- resolution three dimensional spin vectorial analysis of anisotropic Rashba spin splitting, J. Electron Spectrosc. 201, 23 (2015)

    2015

  29. [37]

    Okuda and A

    T. Okuda and A. Kimura, Spin-and angle-resolved pho- toemission of strongly spin–orbit coupled systems, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.82, 021002 (2013)

    2013

  30. [38]

    D. H. Jakubassa-Amundsen and R. Barday, The Sher- man function in highly relativistic elastic electron–atom scattering, J. Phys. G Nucl. Partic.39, 025102 (2012)

    2012

  31. [39]

    J. H. Dil, Spin and angle resolved photoemission on non- magnetic low-dimensional systems, J. Phys.-Condens. Mat.21, 403001 (2009). Supplementary Information for: Spin- and Angle-resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of the Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Bismuthene and its Pr...

    2009

Pith tools

Reviewed August 5, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.