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Q-ball Formation through Affleck-Dine Mechanism

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arxiv hep-ph/9909509 v3 pith:OK2LT4LK submitted 1999-09-25 hep-ph

classification hep-ph
keywords q-ballaffleck-dinechargescondensateformationinitialmechanismq-balls
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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We present the full nonlinear calculation of the formation of a Q-ball through the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism by numerical simulations. It is shown that large Q-balls are actually produced by the fragmentation of the condensate of a scalar field whose potential is very flat. We find that the typical size of a Q-ball is determined by the most developed mode of linearized fluctuations, and almost all the initial charges which the AD condensate carries are absorbed into the formed Q-balls, whose sizes and the charges depend only on the initial charge densities.

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Forward citations

Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 251 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Reviving the Affleck-Dine Curvaton Scenario with Compensated Isocurvature Perturbations

    astro-ph.CO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The Affleck-Dine field can act as both baryogenesis engine and curvaton if gravitino dark matter, produced before curvaton decay, supplies the compensating isocurvature perturbation that hides the baryon isocurvature ...

  2. Quantum-Corrected Q-balls in the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin Model

    hep-th 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Hartree quantum fluctuations in 3+1D simulations of the Friedberg-Lee-Sirlin model produce a regime where fluctuations carry significant Noether charge, periodic charge exchange occurs, and some classically stable Q-b...

  3. Hydrodynamic properties in soliton field theory

    hep-th 2025-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Soliton formation in complex scalar field theory is framed as sound-mode-induced phase separation, and cylindrical Q-strings are shown to suffer a Rayleigh-Plateau membrane instability that breaks them into spheres.

  4. PQ-ball and its Real Scalar Analogue in an Expanding Universe

    hep-ph 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    3+1D lattice simulations show PQ-balls form from a rotating complex scalar and decay faster for stronger symmetry breaking, with lifetimes roughly scaling as v^4.

  5. Decay rate of PQ-ball

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    PQ-balls, Q-balls in a spontaneously broken U(1) theory, are metastable in vacuum and decay at a rate proportional to the square of their asymptotic field value.

  6. Q-balls Under Spontaneously Broken U(1) Symmetry

    hep-ph 2025-04 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Q-balls under spontaneously broken U(1) can leak charge through the Nambu-Goldstone channel and end as smaller Q-balls, oscillons, or decaying configurations, with stable remnants for small symmetry-breaking scales.

  7. Hydrodynamic and Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities of Q-strings

    hep-th 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Cylindrical Q-strings are linearly unstable to long-wavelength axial perturbations, with a threshold that matches the Rayleigh-Plateau instability λc=2πR for thin-wall solitons.

  8. Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons

    hep-th 2024-11 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.

  9. Dynamical Boson Stars

    gr-qc 2012-02 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    Boson stars are particle-like solutions in general relativity that model dark matter, black hole mimickers, and binary systems.

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