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Angular emission patterns of remnant black holes
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The gravitational radiation from the ringdown of a binary black hole merger is described by the solution of the Teukolsky equation, which predicts both the temporal dependence and the angular distribution of the emission. Many studies have explored the temporal feature of the ringdown wave through black hole spectroscopy. In this work, we further study the spatial distribution, by introducing a global fitting procedure over both temporal and spatial dependences, to propose a more complete test of General Relativity. We show that spin-weighted spheroidal harmonics are the better representation of the ringdown angular emission patterns compared to spin-weighted spherical harmonics. The differences are distinguishable in numerical relativity waveforms. We also study the correlation between progenitor binary properties and the excitation of quasinormal modes, including higher-order angular modes, overtones, prograde and retrograde modes. Specifically, we show that the excitation of retrograde modes is dominant when the remnant spin is anti-aligned with the binary orbital angular momentum. This study seeks to provide an analytical strategy and inspire the future development of ringdown test using real gravitational wave events.
Forward citations
Cited by 6 Pith papers
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Probing Direct Waves in Black Hole Ringdowns
Merger gravitational wave signals contain a 'direct wave' from the plunging companions, screened by the remnant's potential, with frequency near the superradiant value for high-spin remnants and SNR above 10 in GW1509...
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GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures
The merger signal of GW250114 contains a residual 'direct wave' component whose frequency and damping match the remnant horizon's rotation frequency and surface gravity.
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Statistical identification of ringdown modes with rational filters
A frequentist false-alarm framework for rational-filter ringdown analysis is validated on numerical relativity waveforms and shows only marginal evidence for the 221 overtone in GW150914.
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Ringdown Analysis of Rotating Black Holes in Effective Field Theory Extensions of General Relativity
No evidence of higher-derivative EFT corrections in black hole ringdown spectra from GWTC-3; new physics length scale constrained to ℓ ≲ 35 km.
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Analysis of late-time tails in spin-aligned eccentric binary black hole mergers
Late-time gravitational-wave tails from eccentric, spin-aligned black hole mergers decay as t^-(l+4) for psi4 in all six modes studied, with same-l modes sharing identical exponents.
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Black Hole Spectroscopy with Conditional Variational Autoencoder
A CVAE trained on simulated ringdown waveforms produces posterior estimates of remnant black hole parameters that match Bayesian inference, including overtones and a braneworld tidal charge parameter.
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