The physics of protoplanetesimal dust agglomerates. X. High-velocity collisions between small and large dust agglomerates as growth barrier

In a protoplanetary disk, dust aggregates in the $\mu$m to mm size range possess mean collision velocities of 10 to 60 ms$^{-1}$ with respect to dm- to m-size bodies. We performed laboratory collision experiments to explore this parameter regime and found a size- and velocity-dependent threshold between erosion and growth. By using a local Monte Carlo coagulation calculation and complementary a simple semi-analytical timescale approach, we show that erosion considerably limits particle growth in protoplanetary disks and leads to a steady-state dust-size distribution from $\mu$m to dm sized particles.