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Measuring gravitational-wave higher-order modes

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arxiv 2007.04313 v1 pith:PFHXE2ZY submitted 2020-07-08 gr-qc

classification gr-qc
keywords higherharmonicsinvestigatemassesmodebinariesdependentmodes
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abstract

We investigate the observability of higher harmonics in gravitational wave signals emitted during the coalescence of binary black holes. We decompose each mode into an overall amplitude, dependent upon the masses and spins of the system, and an orientation-dependent term, dependent upon the inclination and polarization of the source. Using this decomposition, we investigate the significance of higher modes over the parameter space and show that the $\ell = 3$, $m = 3$ mode is most significant across much of the sensitive band of ground-based interferometric detectors, with the $\ell = 4$, $m = 4$ having a significant contribution at high masses. We introduce the higher mode signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and show that a simple threshold on this SNR can be used as a criterion for observation of higher harmonics. Finally, we investigate observability in a population of binaries and observe that higher harmonics will only be observable in a few percent of binaries, typically those with unequal masses and viewed close to edge-on.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Testing general relativity with amplitudes of subdominant gravitational-wave modes

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    An extended gravitational-wave amplitude test adds (4,4) and (3,2) modes, reports a new δA44 constraint from GW230814, and shows precession and eccentricity can mimic GR violations.

  2. A stepping stone toward detecting gravitational wave memory: a cumulative analysis with the full $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic using events from GWTC-4.0 and GWTC-5.0

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.5 of 10

    Cumulative log10 Bayes factor of 1.38±0.79 favors the full (2,0) mode in GWTC-4.0; decisive evidence is projected to need ~166 events under optimistic assumptions.

  3. Phase consistency test to identify type II strongly lensed gravitational wave signals using a single event

    gr-qc 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A new test looks for a -π/12 phase offset between the (2,2) and (3,3) modes to identify type II lensed gravitational waves from a single event, applied to GW190412 and GW190814 with inconclusive results.

  4. Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the Second Workshop

    hep-ex 2024-12 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

    A workshop summary that compiles physics targets, technology advances, and a proto-collaboration roadmap for kilometer-scale atom interferometers aimed at dark matter and gravitational wave detection.

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