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Possibility of Multi-Messenger Observations of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions with X-rays and Gravitational Waves

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arxiv 2505.10488 v1 pith:PHQYCKJH submitted 2025-05-15 astro-ph.HE gr-qc

classification astro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords qpesx-raydetectionjointlisamulti-messengerobservationseruptions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Recent X-ray observations have discovered a class of periodic X-ray flares in galactic nuclei known as quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs). A promising explanation of QPEs is an emission produced when a stellar-mass object orbiting a central supermassive black hole crosses an accretion disk. If the companion is a compact object, such systems would be a prospective multi-messenger target for the space-based observatory LISA and its successors. Here we quantify the prospects for joint X-ray and GW detection of QPEs with orbital frequency in the mHz band using a minimal flare-emission model. Our analysis shows that X-ray observations are most effective at orbital frequencies up to roughly 1 mHz, whereas LISA is sensitive chiefly above about 1 mHz. Because the optimal sensitivity windows overlap only marginally, we predict at most one joint detection during LISA's nominal mission lifetime. Extending GW sensitivity into the sub-millihertz regime (< 0.1 mHz) would raise the possibility of the joint detection by an order of magnitude, enabling QPEs as an interesting multi-messenger target.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

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  4. Gravitational Wave Signatures of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions: LISA Detection Prospects for RX J1301.9+2747

    astro-ph.HE 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Modeling quasi-periodic eruptions as eccentric EMRIs with disk impacts yields high-frequency tails and frequency shifts in GW waveforms, making RX J1301.9+2747 potentially detectable by LISA for orbiter masses above a...

  5. Prospects for EMRI/MBH parameter estimation using Quasi-Periodic Eruption timings: short-timescale analysis

    astro-ph.HE 2025-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    QPE arrival times from an EMRI-disk collision model can recover black hole mass and orbital size/eccentricity to about 10% over tens of orbits, while spin and disk precession properties are much harder to constrain.

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