Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests

As of 20 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 34 of 34 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2505.12000.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.12000 v1

Coverage vector

measured 34 of 34 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.582191Z

measured 35 of 35 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T23:15:56.598968Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-29T00:02:50.465540Z

Reference resolution

34 of 34 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy14
unresolved20
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 811f8fb8-15dd-4217-aeea-4cad982d74e0 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.465082Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d77bdb45-6dab-4c54-89a6-81d2192f7efa · outbound

This paper cites Silvar-med: A speech-driven visual language model for explainable abnormality detection in medical imaging.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Silvar-med: A speech-driven visual language model for explainable abnormality detection in medical imaging

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.908047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 8041657e-d0dd-48cc-a873-0ecc93f54265 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are few-shot learners.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Language models are few-shot learners

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.473156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c0e5018d-5e8e-4302-b7c1-99de428175bb · outbound

This paper cites Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Blip-2: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training with frozen image encoders and large language models

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.476740Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 594547d5-e0c1-4ca3-b48f-3463fb55783a · outbound

This paper cites Piergiovanni, Piotr Padlewski, Daniel Salz, et al.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Piergiovanni, Piotr Padlewski, Daniel Salz, et al

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.884364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 03296a20-e40c-4cfe-8905-5d1b53716463 · outbound

This paper cites Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.484196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99f706e8-1c5b-4438-bd6f-efd681ec3d22 · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Qwen Technical Report

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.488096Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a46f1eaf-4b9f-4d8c-8209-8a11e2d04438 · outbound

This paper cites Artificial general intelligence: Emergence and definition.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Artificial general intelligence: Emergence and definition

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.867715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 37d43c10-a53b-46ec-92f5-52f6252e1c0d · outbound

This paper cites Intelligence: Its structure, growth and action, volume 35.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Intelligence: Its structure, growth and action, volume 35

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.858100Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 7330ebee-1b6c-45c6-8b8d-5407e0d73b84 · outbound

This paper cites On the Measure of Intelligence.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests On the Measure of Intelligence

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.498719Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e1b4266-b683-466f-8c1b-d68a8833ed8f · outbound

This paper cites Holistic Evaluation of Language Models.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Holistic Evaluation of Language Models

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.502670Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7b9c4d78-6026-49f4-b8dd-fa9de88d40b0 · outbound

This paper cites Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language models

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.506519Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation de88bab3-3ccd-4c71-86ef-93374ee426f2 · outbound

This paper cites Vqa: Visual question answering.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Vqa: Visual question answering

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.509978Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da4de3db-bccc-4e43-bf16-e045d4e09501 · outbound

This paper cites Gqa: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Gqa: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.513284Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81fe1045-6514-4a9c-8af1-e6fd1afc3645 · outbound

This paper cites Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.516498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d3cea163-a80c-451a-81ef-b8655fc866e9 · outbound

This paper cites From recognition to cognition: Visual commonsense reasoning.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests From recognition to cognition: Visual commonsense reasoning

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.827261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation b502e3ff-36cf-44ee-b2ee-3a7c433bbba0 · outbound

This paper cites Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.523268Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3109e0e3-f61f-4cc5-85f4-4513bcf5177e · outbound

This paper cites Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.810067Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation fde4e335-535a-475f-b677-55d86ef931e2 · outbound

This paper cites ChartQA: A benchmark for question answering about charts with visual and logical reasoning.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests ChartQA: A benchmark for question answering about charts with visual and logical reasoning

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.799033Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 0ace1743-ffa9-47d5-a6c1-f614407f5286 · outbound

This paper cites Image2struct: Benchmarking structure extraction for vision-language models.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Image2struct: Benchmarking structure extraction for vision-language models

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.787712Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 34880561-8475-42df-957a-01f9e98c4167 · outbound

This paper cites Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable ques- tions for squad.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Know what you don’t know: Unanswerable ques- tions for squad

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.777151Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 188c0ed8-2a56-4f63-9a10-479e38ae9617 · outbound

This paper cites Don’t just assume; look and answer: Overcoming priors for visual question answering.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Don’t just assume; look and answer: Overcoming priors for visual question answering

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.767149Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 88cd7512-f17f-4769-becb-0e51c6ce91d3 · outbound

This paper cites Shortcut learning in deep neural networks.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Shortcut learning in deep neural networks

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.756678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 47568c9e-bf56-4862-98e6-b3af4fd5d795 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluation of openai o1: Opportunities and challenges of agi.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Evaluation of openai o1: Opportunities and challenges of agi

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.746048Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 00a15185-b594-4829-8be1-c0282f3136d3 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests GPT-4o System Card

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.551167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 77c1c264-5ab0-41e1-be61-389508b5c746 · outbound

This paper cites Claude 3.5 sonnet, 2024.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Claude 3.5 sonnet, 2024

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.554787Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7410d060-0c66-43b4-95b0-a7dd94dabf32 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.558280Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96ff7bfa-bbd2-49d9-9c3a-ce58f0f1dcbf · outbound

This paper cites Start building with gemini 2.5 flash, 2025.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Start building with gemini 2.5 flash, 2025

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.728854Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 9dce250c-1982-4376-9840-33251b7480bb · outbound

This paper cites Grok 3 beta — the age of reasoning agents, 2025.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Grok 3 beta — the age of reasoning agents, 2025

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.565196Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 96df672c-96c7-4108-b2a2-0908fe471689 · outbound

This paper cites Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Mmlu-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.568599Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 47780940-cfd7-48aa-987a-d7048a25a80a · outbound

This paper cites Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.571914Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e14f998-51c4-42ed-bc77-fe91d8d76c25 · outbound

This paper cites Generalized planning for the abstraction and reasoning corpus.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests Generalized planning for the abstraction and reasoning corpus

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.704055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.

Observation 718017ec-4abe-4d7e-b368-34f1cbed5cca · outbound

This paper cites VERIFY: A Benchmark of Visual Explanation and Reasoning for Investigating Multimodal Reasoning Fidelity.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests VERIFY: A Benchmark of Visual Explanation and Reasoning for Investigating Multimodal Reasoning Fidelity

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.578765Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2a5de3af-4bc8-4fdb-a7c9-2cadce4c1340 · outbound

This paper cites MM-IQ: Benchmarking Human-Like Abstraction and Reasoning in Multimodal Models.

IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests MM-IQ: Benchmarking Human-Like Abstraction and Reasoning in Multimodal Models

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T20:47:45.582191Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation dd01d045-2af0-481f-9a13-36c057b4febe · inbound

StemBind: When MLLMs Get Lost Between Rules and Instances in Abstract Visual Reasoning cites this paper.

StemBind: When MLLMs Get Lost Between Rules and Instances in Abstract Visual Reasoning IQBench: How "Smart'' Are Vision-Language Models? A Study with Human IQ Tests

Reference 39

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T00:02:50.467451Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-20T06:33:59.587034+00:00.