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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance

As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 25 of 25 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:1908.09156.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
1908.09156 v1

Coverage vector

measured 25 of 25 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.910438Z

measured 25 of 25 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

25 of 25 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact1
  • verified fuzzy2
  • unresolved21
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
  • metadata mismatch1

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 2b646a82-4470-48b5-86d1-26bab42f10f8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.183116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.821385Z digest=sha256:b9393a77409067b7c1ce72ca94d4760d6e2ebbfc66f8fd73489468d9f61b342d

Observation 593b023f-456b-4c43-96ea-2bb9256b691c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.173252Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.825863Z digest=sha256:094db55653fba54dcb21474dca1ac4ce64f80d1f8e0ee96279d4ac2cb422ccc8

Observation 4fe5c125-7436-4fb1-bdff-3aaf9931770b · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 3

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.830071Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.830071Z digest=sha256:d192e052a56c5bbf57a9cc1b019b1ea12972f2ad52570c141b9bcdd44ab6f5a7

Observation 939a0a2d-fbbb-4757-a196-105c87037ab5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.162440Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.833959Z digest=sha256:2f7905448875b8477ffc0d08e6d235035b6c126be93afcc9ff84b0b2424d6d2b

Observation 681d8f33-ffc9-48ba-9ddd-010a8847dc31 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.151608Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.837857Z digest=sha256:db557a2c9d0c979fef7615083ee07c1047edb165baebaeef1f367b4ab3bb0ecc

Observation edb0ce85-86a0-4424-8951-bb92d1df743d · outbound

This paper cites Universal Language Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Universal Language Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification

Reference 6

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.841529Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.841529Z digest=sha256:aad5650877ad7968c60e3b400cda194a3e1ca31615235dd6f4bfaeebbfd92c83

Observation bd2cd245-393b-44e3-8ee2-33448730bb16 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.141612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.846822Z digest=sha256:357b03368edc74fcda68365a1eb3d0889ae9dda15de062466b9eecefd23ac746

Observation cd64a4a0-f87f-4a35-8bb2-18c767039668 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.129997Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.850099Z digest=sha256:415420b65841bea73a6396328e8504c196895e341583a87e8790fc9b4dcba29e

Observation e933e6c7-978a-430f-976e-e913bebec25d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.119348Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.853396Z digest=sha256:b7b03c064a0c210d32e6da7697b6b7b97213f572ecc04567c944774313c98813

Observation 81cd45b5-b48b-4c60-8443-3b5d7936c1c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.856872Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.856872Z digest=sha256:f41d252e95047d5043e64af7276eb9beb566bedcf852c3ec07381b4864fc71b0

Observation 372d7fb2-75e8-4c43-89c0-8b12a327beef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.863973Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.863973Z digest=sha256:afb9a3877a9ce1e0cb66f27380263e54e0076359b3ef04f7862f5504752e881d

Observation a33e9414-b0b1-4bfc-b36f-9be485d2229a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.085200Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.867491Z digest=sha256:1afbca51df24345aa6282ff43988937c132c1eff7eb11047acd9298af5e18aae

Observation bc62554e-bcce-417d-bf34-719da4a28de2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.075285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.870822Z digest=sha256:ef71d1484935f5710625409edf9612c1615c16e716bf78be5d554081dbe995d4

Observation ddfd325d-8605-4270-b17a-f99eab0752a2 · outbound

This paper cites Deep contextualized word representations.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Deep contextualized word representations

Reference 14

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.874203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.874203Z digest=sha256:e2e2a60460fe98c3e2a6c72c1181cb0d1f429a0b06801030b584e1398dfa9c60

Observation 9b181a3f-885d-4344-868a-4d6da11dedad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.878345Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.878345Z digest=sha256:9225f33fc251a89a42e9b2d801ca2825f8360c3815323605e477b1156d9b4222

Observation 928b6071-9056-42b9-a467-7ef27477efb7 · outbound

This paper cites Chaudhuri.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Chaudhuri

Reference 16

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.064815Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.881598Z digest=sha256:5844bce1c5fac9e686573bd4db90235c1ea6d7df4f946438a31348cd6cef3a9b

Observation 59cef40c-5960-4290-918f-862e832972c2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.053923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.884753Z digest=sha256:b882fd9ddee3f891a388620e856bd9df498e48a9556f8901f8bd86cecf15507b

Observation 8bfe827f-3202-42cb-9dd4-8a2efc204548 · outbound

This paper cites From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics

Reference 18

Resolution
metadata mismatch
local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.972060Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.888270Z digest=sha256:1e783c074c867cece07b1206f645e01e3a3d8647fcf1c6d3786e83d13d25b8c6

Observation 2f738cb9-5e14-48a3-b7f4-7549b39a416f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.043572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.891807Z digest=sha256:09c7a821bcfecb9434b55c705e42134bab02c86db5ef0e78d8f8ec38ee66acca

Observation 612408d9-48e5-4794-b25e-55a1c13732a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.033431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.895941Z digest=sha256:7e7cc648b0db27e041b11059ca2300ba7f303736b7dd7086ee0feae32557b82a

Observation 44cfa540-7c6e-4b77-81ea-fa3d8d743b10 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.022781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.899165Z digest=sha256:6d1f8f1ce137d42f81025a027b91df941ef3496d11dd6cad201315fc51ee2809

Observation ceec0079-1c24-492f-98e9-66d53870db74 · outbound

This paper cites Factors Influencing the Surprising Instability of Word Embeddings.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Factors Influencing the Surprising Instability of Word Embeddings

Reference 22

Resolution
unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.902794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.902794Z digest=sha256:937a525f3e35758ca92e5d01c2062df94c99bc6ae5893406a9472472f88a08b8

Observation ee0a3c85-8ebc-4795-bba9-74ccda3f99a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution
verified exact
doi, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:52.940889Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.906142Z digest=sha256:906527db32dfd6f8725c87ea978a1a750da646c70eadb0176370838aa8c3f774

Observation 954d69c4-c4d2-438e-a46a-21a7f6aa41d3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.011497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.910438Z digest=sha256:51957d934e2f86e0937d7ec1e41673a70172ba4f853f579ad92dbd4d578efbd7

Observation 6b8a976c-f36a-4760-89c8-6769cff9738c · outbound

This paper cites In Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2015, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, October 19 - 23, 2015.

A framework for anomaly detection using language modeling, and its applications to finance In Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2015, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, October 19 - 23, 2015

Reference 2015

Resolution
verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-14T11:21:53.102247Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.

source=pdf_text observed=2026-08-14T11:21:52.860375Z digest=sha256:4564b97797a4d921a4194b44426eae3fbb8ec49daff1b6d1eae5cb2ac8eea759

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.