Optically induced Aharonov-Bohm effect in mesoscopic rings

We show theoretically that strong electron coupling to circularly polarized photons in non-singly-connected nanostructures results in the appearance of an artificial gauge field that changes the electron phase. The effect arises from the breaking of time-reversal symmetry and is analogous to the well-known Aharonov-Bohm phase effect. It can manifest itself in the oscillations of conductance as a function of the intensity and frequency of the illumination. The theory of the effect is elaborated for mesoscopic rings in both ballistic and diffusive regimes.