Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows?

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 28 of 28 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.19944.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.19944 v1

Coverage vector

measured 28 of 28 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:20.058994Z

measured 28 of 28 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

28 of 28 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy15
unresolved13
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 39471ad9-2149-4212-ab77-4c84f03b3515 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Understanding intermediate layers using linear classifier probes

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:17.749975Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 15425ba8-7583-45ec-bcb5-af119347e278 · outbound

This paper cites OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? OpenFlamingo: An Open-Source Framework for Training Large Autoregressive Vision-Language Models

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:17.838017Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6840dfbf-15ea-4ce4-b255-7e5c5f94f55d · outbound

This paper cites Neural codes for image retrieval.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Neural codes for image retrieval

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:23.472836Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3c66b4bf-0e7e-434e-b2d1-9df26c205382 · outbound

This paper cites GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoning.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoning

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:17.952748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a519e5e2-26d5-4070-a650-1918f41a2bd2 · outbound

This paper cites Are we on the right way for evaluating large vision-language models? InAdv.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Are we on the right way for evaluating large vision-language models? InAdv

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:23.314526Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 01660096-ceee-4595-967a-1b7a508dab39 · outbound

This paper cites PaLI-X: On Scaling up a Multilingual Vision and Language Model.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? PaLI-X: On Scaling up a Multilingual Vision and Language Model

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:18.135269Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cbf9bf9f-8a64-4cde-8b7d-f57ec038c2ad · outbound

This paper cites What you can cram into a single $&!#* vector: Probing sentence embeddings for lin- guistic properties.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? What you can cram into a single $&!#* vector: Probing sentence embeddings for lin- guistic properties

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:23.141131Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c5f4f1d8-5e21-41dd-bd76-3b8db9d45745 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.993229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation feca93f9-d9bf-46aa-bb58-2b31043ea144 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.873637Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 10cd801b-d7d7-47e9-a18c-c49f6d9f1bd6 · outbound

This paper cites BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:18.386462Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9256d60c-dabc-4af2-b317-1c2f7b9f2ee2 · outbound

This paper cites Visual Instruction Tuning.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Visual Instruction Tuning

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:18.468295Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e21d1d39-45dd-4cbe-9757-dd4859b1091e · outbound

This paper cites LLaV A-NeXT: Im- proved reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge.https: / / llava - vl.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? LLaV A-NeXT: Im- proved reasoning, OCR, and world knowledge.https: / / llava - vl

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.708865Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 3d4b7091-b4eb-404e-a5c5-cf13591b1663 · outbound

This paper cites MathVista: Evaluating mathemat- ical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? MathVista: Evaluating mathemat- ical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.554493Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0ee13ad4-fb7e-4074-bc2f-54c22c545f54 · outbound

This paper cites CLIP ViT-B/32.https://huggingface.co/ openai/clip-vit-base-patch32, 2021.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? CLIP ViT-B/32.https://huggingface.co/ openai/clip-vit-base-patch32, 2021

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.368834Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ef4f94de-b285-4dcf-b4fb-68e9e6189ad8 · outbound

This paper cites CLIP ViT-L/14-336.https://huggingface.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? CLIP ViT-L/14-336.https://huggingface

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.193856Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation f2afb6e4-0f69-402e-803c-94fd551c98a8 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:19.043623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 021ebe13-dda6-4a68-9d94-6be23c62d492 · outbound

This paper cites Hello, GPT-4o, 2023.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Hello, GPT-4o, 2023

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:21.849237Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4a48a3ef-7915-4365-80ee-d887729d4ad4 · outbound

This paper cites Language models are unsu- pervised multitask learners.OpenAI blog, 1(8):9, 2019.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Language models are unsu- pervised multitask learners.OpenAI blog, 1(8):9, 2019

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:19.211866Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bae674e7-28f6-4f70-9d20-ea7ac8cf3d74 · outbound

This paper cites Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervi- sion.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervi- sion

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:19.321307Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 583e82d8-3d67-4a2a-b75b-3dc7d83a6f03 · outbound

This paper cites Vision language models are blind.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Vision language models are blind

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:21.645904Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 269978b4-6d20-4519-b803-4644348d04fa · outbound

This paper cites CNN features off-the-shelf: an astound- ing baseline for recognition.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? CNN features off-the-shelf: an astound- ing baseline for recognition

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:21.450556Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 122c9e54-676f-46a2-b903-7e38d0211383 · outbound

This paper cites FlowVQA: Mapping multimodal logic in visual question an- swering with flowcharts.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? FlowVQA: Mapping multimodal logic in visual question an- swering with flowcharts

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:21.259613Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 6b44838c-7224-42f5-87f6-6b742d9b635c · outbound

This paper cites Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:19.645208Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation da8f3efc-55c7-4383-8605-3a9269e26372 · outbound

This paper cites How well do vision models encode diagram attributes? Inthe ACL 2024 Student Research Workshop, 2024.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? How well do vision models encode diagram attributes? Inthe ACL 2024 Student Research Workshop, 2024

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:21.086930Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 4d5510b3-200f-4346-8ad0-b15a579ca76b · outbound

This paper cites MMMU: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for ex- pert AGI.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? MMMU: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for ex- pert AGI

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:20.800916Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 53cb6495-33d5-4ab9-892d-a7e523cbd428 · outbound

This paper cites Mathverse: Does your multi-modal llm truly see the diagrams in visual math problems? In European Conference on Computer Vision, pages 169–186.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Mathverse: Does your multi-modal llm truly see the diagrams in visual math problems? In European Conference on Computer Vision, pages 169–186

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:20.608602Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 96ce0fac-082c-43f0-8b31-9f7c8e30d11e · outbound

This paper cites MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:20.058994Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c3a0f9ef-7804-437b-8a68-3ca0b5960f85 · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-04-12.

Can Visual Encoder Learn to See Arrows? Accessed: 2025-04-12

Reference 2021

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:07:22.028089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.