Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 32 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2405.16473.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Coverage vector
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T11:24:33.000246Z
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T13:31:24.804270Z
Reference resolution
0 of 0 outbound references displayed
- verified exact0
- verified fuzzy0
- unresolved0
- parse uncertain0
- malformed identifier0
- metadata mismatch0
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Outbound references
No outbound reference observations are available for this paper version.
Pith citing papers
Observation fa2db9a7-bd56-4ed2-8723-7abfc7ee438b · inbound
Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimization cites this paper.
Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimization M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T09:16:17.430760Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation c8baab00-adc6-4ee9-9422-05ba42110bff · inbound
Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought cites this paper.
Interleaved-Modal Chain-of-Thought M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T10:10:38.175313Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation df7ad01c-87f9-45a1-9afe-1dd4a27d19dc · inbound
GAOKAO-Eval: Does high scores truly reflect strong capabilities in LLMs? cites this paper.
GAOKAO-Eval: Does high scores truly reflect strong capabilities in LLMs? M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T16:30:34.567451Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 90671c1b-3e88-46b1-8aa8-74d8d62ec4d3 · inbound
CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
CoMT: A Novel Benchmark for Chain of Multi-modal Thought on Large Vision-Language Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T13:38:13.986574Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c2262a3d-47e2-4439-bc02-52c12ec9e78b · inbound
PhysBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for Physical World Understanding cites this paper.
PhysBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for Physical World Understanding M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-10T13:32:58.231052Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3b253375-e068-4098-b7f3-71a665c88a01 · inbound
InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models cites this paper.
InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 16
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T13:41:08.233339Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 9bcc6db7-0756-4744-9dee-20b67fa7b085 · inbound
Reinforced MLLM: A Survey on RL-Based Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models cites this paper.
Reinforced MLLM: A Survey on RL-Based Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 12
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:12:18.132901Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a768fc52-f4a4-45e4-8ead-41ade8a9bbb9 · inbound
Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning cites this paper.
Bridging the Dynamic Perception Gap: Training-Free Draft Chain-of-Thought for Dynamic Multimodal Spatial Reasoning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 3
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T15:02:24.955656Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 63d556ef-4e20-4813-b7d4-3824b8e545b1 · inbound
Chain-of-Thought for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospects cites this paper.
Chain-of-Thought for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey and Future Prospects M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 21
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:02:52.740516Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5ef36ba9-0092-47a9-846d-f92be3f14d16 · inbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test cites this paper.
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 36
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:19:32.456049Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation d6e6e4a9-3d92-4866-95c0-a526d30c03aa · inbound
Advancing Multimodal Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Cold Start cites this paper.
Advancing Multimodal Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning with Cold Start M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:12:53.142788Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c9ff8af9-fef5-462a-8545-4a856cbd90e8 · inbound
GThinker: Towards General Multimodal Reasoning via Cue-Guided Rethinking cites this paper.
GThinker: Towards General Multimodal Reasoning via Cue-Guided Rethinking M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 7
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:55:12.014182Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2760d9a4-0362-4c1d-a434-7a40e9ef31e0 · inbound
Evaluating MLLMs with Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning Benchmark cites this paper.
Evaluating MLLMs with Multimodal Multi-image Reasoning Benchmark M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2024
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T11:05:19.193447Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ed76d24d-96d2-40a0-b3f5-854c070f9245 · inbound
Understanding Financial Reasoning in AI: A Multimodal Benchmark and Error Learning Approach cites this paper.
Understanding Financial Reasoning in AI: A Multimodal Benchmark and Error Learning Approach M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T11:24:33.000246Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5cfa213e-4e85-4600-8e5a-d68347522cd7 · inbound
Mimicking or Reasoning: Rethinking Multi-Modal In-Context Learning in Vision-Language Models cites this paper.
Mimicking or Reasoning: Rethinking Multi-Modal In-Context Learning in Vision-Language Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 6
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:25:30.344139Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 23ace000-230b-4d70-a2f6-a22c80d74a04 · inbound
VReST: Enhancing Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Models through Tree Search and Self-Reward Mechanism cites this paper.
VReST: Enhancing Reasoning in Large Vision-Language Models through Tree Search and Self-Reward Mechanism M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 1
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:09:18.196208Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation de2f71a6-6d3e-42c6-bc3f-951120f45647 · inbound
VFaith: Do Large Multimodal Models Really Reason on Seen Images Rather than Previous Memories? cites this paper.
VFaith: Do Large Multimodal Models Really Reason on Seen Images Rather than Previous Memories? M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T04:07:31.820419Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation a33dea55-6a26-449c-827b-dc1f4e4603a9 · inbound
CaughtCheating: Is Your MLLM a Good Cheating Detective? Exploring the Boundary of Visual Perception and Reasoning cites this paper.
CaughtCheating: Is Your MLLM a Good Cheating Detective? Exploring the Boundary of Visual Perception and Reasoning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T18:39:18.587552Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c5d95906-1dc0-47af-9f83-a6d76b8c75b1 · inbound
MMAT-1M: A Large Reasoning Dataset for Multimodal Agent Tuning cites this paper.
MMAT-1M: A Large Reasoning Dataset for Multimodal Agent Tuning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 8
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T12:18:32.202517Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 499edf28-5844-4674-ab3d-bcb80ccd7474 · inbound
WebWatcher: Breaking New Frontier of Vision-Language Deep Research Agent cites this paper.
WebWatcher: Breaking New Frontier of Vision-Language Deep Research Agent M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 4
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T18:56:23.872966Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 0fb856ae-46bb-4b18-8f01-dd3c23c85fdf · inbound
HumanPCR: Probing MLLM Capabilities in Diverse Human-Centric Scenes cites this paper.
HumanPCR: Probing MLLM Capabilities in Diverse Human-Centric Scenes M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 36
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-05T19:03:06.028911Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation aa9d3f87-8fbd-4581-9610-9091bce5f87f · inbound
Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoning cites this paper.
Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 231
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T17:09:18.386670Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 93e0c80a-7cef-40ce-a675-08f108ee77f4 · inbound
Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning Embedded in Aerial Vehicle Imagery: Benchmarking, Analysis, and Exploration cites this paper.
Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning Embedded in Aerial Vehicle Imagery: Benchmarking, Analysis, and Exploration M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2020
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T18:17:16.302417Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation c59e1cb9-f502-49ef-a836-ce4960afb37d · inbound
AIM-CoT: Active Information-driven Multimodal Chain-of-Thought for Vision-Language Reasoning cites this paper.
AIM-CoT: Active Information-driven Multimodal Chain-of-Thought for Vision-Language Reasoning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T13:31:24.806625Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation c33ecb02-7b77-4bc5-b8eb-9a0400c2620f · inbound
AIM-CoT: Active Information-driven Multimodal Chain-of-Thought for Vision-Language Reasoning cites this paper.
AIM-CoT: Active Information-driven Multimodal Chain-of-Thought for Vision-Language Reasoning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2013
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-04T13:42:59.320438Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bcdf53d7-3650-4256-8c03-e7f7d95c5f10 · inbound
MIND: Multi-rationale INtegrated Discriminative Reasoning Framework for Multi-modal Large Models cites this paper.
MIND: Multi-rationale INtegrated Discriminative Reasoning Framework for Multi-modal Large Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 4
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-03T18:25:01.437413Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3098d1d8-c620-4482-bc2d-d54d5d21c7de · inbound
Thinking Diffusion: Penalize and Guide Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Diffusion Multimodal Language Models cites this paper.
Thinking Diffusion: Penalize and Guide Visual-Grounded Reasoning in Diffusion Multimodal Language Models M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T23:30:50.458940Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation ce225f1b-afe4-473d-8aa3-b0b5418455d2 · inbound
Targeted Exploration via Unified Entropy Control for Reinforcement Learning cites this paper.
Targeted Exploration via Unified Entropy Control for Reinforcement Learning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 1
- Resolution
- metadata mismatch
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T10:49:56.104547Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation d1e68568-458f-4b72-a105-3d1bd065df69 · inbound
Towards Robust Endogenous Reasoning: Unifying Drift Adaptation in Non-Stationary Tuning cites this paper.
Towards Robust Endogenous Reasoning: Unifying Drift Adaptation in Non-Stationary Tuning M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 40
- Resolution
- verified exact
- arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-10T09:03:26.437698Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.
Observation 73f1b7c1-46c2-4eed-bd86-6c79507e911a · inbound
BVS: Bayesian Visual Search with Multimodal Large Language Model for Fine-grained Perception cites this paper.
BVS: Bayesian Visual Search with Multimodal Large Language Model for Fine-grained Perception M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 255
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-07-12T04:17:40.198357Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ddfb857f-9aa0-4d81-9deb-23b1d1ad7ce0 · inbound
ST-Veto: Spatio-Temporal Token Veto for Diffusion MLLMs via Taylor Prediction and Visual Grounding cites this paper.
ST-Veto: Spatio-Temporal Token Veto for Diffusion MLLMs via Taylor Prediction and Visual Grounding M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 2021
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-01T16:48:35.633314Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8e4cad80-e85e-4f78-b76a-ecfb807eb8e1 · inbound
VERDICT: Training-Free Step-Wise Verification of Multimodal Reasoning via Disagreement-Aware Consensus cites this paper.
VERDICT: Training-Free Step-Wise Verification of Multimodal Reasoning via Disagreement-Aware Consensus M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 5
- Resolution
- unresolved
- no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T19:56:01.691015Z
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.