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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 62 of 62 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.16414.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.16414 v1

Coverage vector

measured 62 of 62 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.466217Z

measured 62 of 62 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

62 of 62 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact0
  • verified fuzzy1
  • unresolved61
  • parse uncertain0
  • malformed identifier0
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External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 8144160a-2914-48fc-a7d9-2e7d8b3cd0e8 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 1

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Observation c87933e2-06b5-4f30-bf97-4cb3d7dcf7c5 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework write newline

Reference 2

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

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This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 4

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Observation 1135129c-f8a5-4c67-8fbf-9907836dd7fa · outbound

This paper cites Qwen Technical Report.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Qwen Technical Report

Reference 5

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

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Observation 37117ec8-c6e8-4eb6-a31c-267e0d3b1666 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

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Observation 1481e8fd-88f5-464b-b5c5-1a3ffb6a0701 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

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This paper cites Speak, Memory: An Archaeology of Books Known to ChatGPT/GPT-4.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Speak, Memory: An Archaeology of Books Known to ChatGPT/GPT-4

Reference 10

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

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Observation d0a38afe-6aa1-4af0-86c3-74970dcba164 · outbound

This paper cites Toxicity in ChatGPT: Analyzing Persona-assigned Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Toxicity in ChatGPT: Analyzing Persona-assigned Language Models

Reference 13

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Do Membership Inference Attacks Work on Large Language Models?

Reference 15

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

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Observation d7c1395e-899e-4af7-9412-f6c2b33f51fb · outbound

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework DE-COP: Detecting Copyrighted Content in Language Models Training Data

Reference 17

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Observation bc02a5e6-873b-464e-bc47-27d0e7a17e36 · outbound

This paper cites Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Should ChatGPT be Biased? Challenges and Risks of Bias in Large Language Models

Reference 18

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Observation 692c2af9-c2a7-4706-9c96-3f5dca66df41 · outbound

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling

Reference 19

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework RealToxicityPrompts: Evaluating Neural Toxic Degeneration in Language Models

Reference 20

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

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This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models

Reference 26

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Training-Free Activation Sparsity in Large Language Models

Reference 30

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Datasets for Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey

Reference 31

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 33

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

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This paper cites Membership Inference Attacks against Language Models via Neighbourhood Comparison.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Membership Inference Attacks against Language Models via Neighbourhood Comparison

Reference 35

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Observation cad612e0-a611-4f7e-9e32-3f25ffb9f4e2 · outbound

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Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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This paper cites Quantifying Privacy Risks of Masked Language Models Using Membership Inference Attacks.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Quantifying Privacy Risks of Masked Language Models Using Membership Inference Attacks

Reference 37

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Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 08dba54b-6ee3-43c8-9d51-d4b1c33d78a7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

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raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.467285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.210084Z digest=sha256:8071b7a36e91221443bae7a1161419d7afdc691f80424ffd3542e059fa97669f

Observation 7587ae3b-1737-4ace-ae01-7df9eb24a1e6 · outbound

This paper cites Use of LLMs for Illicit Purposes: Threats, Prevention Measures, and Vulnerabilities.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Use of LLMs for Illicit Purposes: Threats, Prevention Measures, and Vulnerabilities

Reference 39

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.317329Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.317329Z digest=sha256:ede68288e22fac9f2f3e25f0820d3b932422fd35ad3230bb58e5e3aa8e240c5a

Observation 8d63d4f0-abe0-4ea2-8fc1-97a8109754db · outbound

This paper cites Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Models

Reference 40

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.323446Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.323446Z digest=sha256:ae89077311e03745b2e1bf28d23465f5e7e18c1fa87fc53bbfdc03bcd2661d60

Observation 15bdd3fb-174d-432b-b0a1-776c63e982c9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.443203Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.328780Z digest=sha256:9960830828dfe1ed0138ca3be1b31486ad04acf555d8c88b071b7efc169c1c58

Observation d89d0385-fad5-4282-ad54-00aa53f94bd9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.420533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.334535Z digest=sha256:9b02b57b7754374b5db262417631a92031b37e52f3993a9522b7174e25deb00d

Observation fd0302b5-eff2-46e5-b927-9088ed65d887 · outbound

This paper cites Knock Knock, Who's There? Membership Inference on Aggregate Location Data.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Knock Knock, Who's There? Membership Inference on Aggregate Location Data

Reference 43

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.342344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.342344Z digest=sha256:a218db573f65a5a095e1bbd54aefbcd459ebe34e5b27ed07e0b77472e2a39fc0

Observation 7ecb1209-9b63-42a9-b3b6-fe5c38f80e9f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 44

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.395410Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.350065Z digest=sha256:604902c15325705a8bfe7c4155af67d6691a784a1f8d49852748ecdee7a62a32

Observation 0dcaf560-7be9-4129-b7ab-e3ef41fe4b1f · outbound

This paper cites ML-Leaks: Model and Data Independent Membership Inference Attacks and Defenses on Machine Learning Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework ML-Leaks: Model and Data Independent Membership Inference Attacks and Defenses on Machine Learning Models

Reference 45

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.355346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.355346Z digest=sha256:709116eebc231831a3babe638dc9d11821cd3df2c4ccc22317dcd4200c7e662c

Observation 941a7ee8-a499-4769-a8e8-35812a52994f · outbound

This paper cites Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Detecting Pretraining Data from Large Language Models

Reference 46

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.359622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.359622Z digest=sha256:0edc360b7737270818b2d5396c033f060032b15709f8a6ed65822632b4d03df8

Observation 81b06794-b492-495e-9d06-c06d4e28da54 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 47

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.376821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.364917Z digest=sha256:d46887b517d5800e8d710f3018abc2e59b73d7e12e9c9d880272cdcab1ae5891

Observation 83ea9fa1-8233-4ae4-b98f-381d1aa2ef77 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 48

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.359031Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.371003Z digest=sha256:2a8cc1014fc06e32551a8cb9a6e09cffc6dc8e986b674a61cff82a6f90d043e6

Observation 15477c2e-63db-41a7-bacc-54e161ec2a59 · outbound

This paper cites o rg Tiedemann, Mikko Aulamo, Daria Bakshandaeva, Michele Boggia, Stig-Arne Gr \.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework o rg Tiedemann, Mikko Aulamo, Daria Bakshandaeva, Michele Boggia, Stig-Arne Gr \

Reference 49

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verified fuzzy
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.337142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.376328Z digest=sha256:07612d6fcf8dca259ce39ce77aa0199a29aced42ee3a550f8d4535858e64633b

Observation 5f59f0fe-b27d-4939-afed-c38db0274ce0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 50

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.381344Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.381344Z digest=sha256:7ae2376ba2b910e944d8331aedd8d817e1cc305f15865e7ee27a934fc778fce2

Observation d48a10fb-c0ee-4a3d-8ee3-d0842025ec77 · outbound

This paper cites Q-Sparse: All Large Language Models can be Fully Sparsely-Activated.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Q-Sparse: All Large Language Models can be Fully Sparsely-Activated

Reference 51

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.387745Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.387745Z digest=sha256:18ed651cf1de411b05ec390027ddaaa67c7ee1575a02f67692252b9ae9a3abeb

Observation c6fc312a-8422-42c6-8614-90c873970e16 · outbound

This paper cites On the Importance of Difficulty Calibration in Membership Inference Attacks.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework On the Importance of Difficulty Calibration in Membership Inference Attacks

Reference 52

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.392711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.392711Z digest=sha256:a1a02184099b1fadd456d6105662c2ad7f2719b851da0f84c4360533d9596e28

Observation 54687662-3ac0-4b9a-af5e-f2e9e59178b6 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmark Data Contamination of Large Language Models: A Survey.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Benchmark Data Contamination of Large Language Models: A Survey

Reference 53

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no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.400435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.400435Z digest=sha256:d9fd050f22c09dbd9b617c0d5e7c503246b97fead4c7c98e40477661d8fa95ad

Observation ec7c574a-b0ab-41a7-8dad-170a87bfaf48 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 54

Resolution
unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.301790Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.405660Z digest=sha256:dcd4ae129dce7aede2b20fef61dee2d76513be54c5fef608d178c94963e0f7b8

Observation 88badfd7-2710-490f-b840-365823371139 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 55

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.281475Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.411144Z digest=sha256:7ff3d13dd372be5650f64a2657860e1fe2b1d63bc051e512ee4c18b7921cfd62

Observation f139b92d-d25e-4c50-891b-9883eb40ad1c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 56

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unresolved
raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:22.263314Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-06T06:34:29.942622+00:00.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.416693Z digest=sha256:2fdb38c26413bccfd5f1584f2e60ece746b7fafa7f7ccd49c697a42f022a247c

Observation 21032e1b-e41d-4d7a-bfb3-785fb5e58b9e · outbound

This paper cites Membership Inference Attacks Cannot Prove that a Model Was Trained On Your Data.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Membership Inference Attacks Cannot Prove that a Model Was Trained On Your Data

Reference 57

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.422233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.422233Z digest=sha256:92049cf719fed52b5cb04abfd72e412292e63f012662c4560a66606767d367e6

Observation 27c22f6c-8553-4cf2-9002-a8896860bd67 · outbound

This paper cites Min-K%++: Improved Baseline for Detecting Pre-Training Data from Large Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Min-K%++: Improved Baseline for Detecting Pre-Training Data from Large Language Models

Reference 58

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.428831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.428831Z digest=sha256:2588a1d226786f155c45791ebd92ad3c6f3fcf5c3be48c19e6c9c5dc10e5fb82

Observation 7972e3e3-bc8b-4329-aac6-c5a90b069a0a · outbound

This paper cites TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework TinyLlama: An Open-Source Small Language Model

Reference 59

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.435568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.435568Z digest=sha256:eeb05653a009898d7d1e6d92beb15606daf62e40026db6a525ae923382271668

Observation 3b6d82fc-fe0e-48da-befa-c406b312725c · outbound

This paper cites OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Models

Reference 60

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.443099Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.443099Z digest=sha256:dd2689f9b404387c76226fb9c9fdc1f451ea47c89b97bc209b9eddd049a60d11

Observation 637cefb0-2249-407d-885f-c228f6cf9551 · outbound

This paper cites Pretraining Data Detection for Large Language Models: A Divergence-based Calibration Method.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Pretraining Data Detection for Large Language Models: A Divergence-based Calibration Method

Reference 61

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.454509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.454509Z digest=sha256:b3100fe7ad60fad2ad18dae6fe774f8513635bfde4b46488f1c27395cdaca40a

Observation 2da56f65-d7db-4481-a430-15bd819d647f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Identifying Pre-training Data in LLMs: A Neuron Activation-Based Detection Framework Unresolved cited work

Reference 62

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unresolved
no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T15:15:21.466217Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

source=arxiv_source observed=2026-08-06T15:15:21.466217Z digest=sha256:f8a0addeacf5715a8e7b763b6f3c66f76cea8ac5a47b88bfafaff3a22c04833b

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.