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arxiv: 2606.22390 · v1 · pith:S44MGPX2new · submitted 2026-06-21 · 🌌 astro-ph.CO · astro-ph.HE

Fast Radio Burst Cosmology: Hubble Tension and Dark Energy

Fayin Wang , Xuandong Jia , Daohong Gao , Zigao Dai This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 10:13 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification 🌌 astro-ph.CO astro-ph.HE
keywords fast radio burstsHubble constantdark energydispersion measureintergalactic mediumcosmological probescosmic expansionHubble tension
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The pith

Fast radio bursts measure the Hubble constant independently at low redshifts via their dispersion measure to redshift relation and constrain dark energy parameters.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reviews how fast radio bursts function as a cosmological probe by using the integrated electron density along lines of sight to link dispersion measure directly to redshift. This enables independent H0 measurements that compete with existing methods and allows FRBs to trace the equation-of-state parameters of dark energy. The review covers current sample results, discusses limiting uncertainties from electron density models and intergalactic medium structure, and outlines how larger localized samples from future surveys will tighten constraints on late-time cosmic acceleration and baryon content.

Core claim

Localized FRBs supply a precise dispersion measure-redshift relation that models the intergalactic medium electron density tightly enough to deliver independent low-redshift H0 values competitive with other probes and to constrain dark energy equation-of-state parameters, while current samples already demonstrate this utility and future surveys will deliver more stringent limits on cosmic acceleration.

What carries the argument

The dispersion measure-redshift relation of FRBs, which integrates free-electron density through the intergalactic medium to provide a direct distance tracer independent of luminosity or angular size.

If this is right

  • Current localized and non-localized FRB samples already yield competitive constraints on H0.
  • FRBs act as effective tracers for the dark energy equation-of-state parameters.
  • Uncertainties in Galactic and host-galaxy electron density models plus IGM inhomogeneities remain the main precision limiters.
  • Rapid growth in high-precision surveys and localized samples will produce stringent limits on late-time acceleration, dark energy evolution, and cosmic baryons.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • If FRB-derived H0 values converge on the local ladder result while disagreeing with CMB inferences, the method could help isolate whether the Hubble tension arises from early- or late-universe physics.
  • FRB sightlines could map the spatial distribution of baryons in the IGM on large scales once electron-density models improve.
  • Combining FRB data with supernova or BAO measurements in joint analyses might break degeneracies in dark energy models that single probes cannot resolve.

Load-bearing premise

Uncertainties in Galactic and host galaxy electron density models and intergalactic medium inhomogeneities can be controlled sufficiently for high-precision cosmological constraints.

What would settle it

A catalog of hundreds of localized FRBs that produces an H0 value discrepant at several sigma from both local distance-ladder and CMB-inferred values while the same sample fails to improve dark energy constraints beyond current supernova or BAO bounds.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.22390 by Daohong Gao, Fayin Wang, Xuandong Jia, Zigao Dai.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: The quasi-Gaussian distribution of DMIGM (left panel) and lognormal distribution of DMhost (right panel) from IllustrisTNG simulation. Dashed lines in the left panel are DMIGM distributions derived from IllustrisTNG simulations and solid lines are the fitting results using Equation (5). The red line in the right panel shows the best-fitting result of DMhost for repeating FRBs like FRB 20121102, and the blu… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: The latest DM-z relation with localized FRBs. The red dots show 108 localized FRBs. The blue [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: The probability density function and cumulative distribution function of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Summary of representative works using FRBs to constrain [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p012_4.png] view at source ↗
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: H0 measurements from H0LiCOW. The declining trend of H0 value with increasing lens redshift has significance levels of 1.7σ. More details can be seen in Ref. Millon et al. (2020). identified with a confidence level of approximately 2.1σ (Krishnan et al. 2020). Furthermore, within the framework of ΛCDM and wCDM models and assuming a prior for the evolution of H0, a similar declining trend was obtained from … view at source ↗
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Comparison between the Hubble parameter H(z) in the standard ΛCDM model and that derived from Equation (12). H0 = H0,zi = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1 , Ωk0 = 0, and Ωm0 = 0.3 are assumed. More details can be seen in Ref. Jia et al. (2023). With the availability of additional observational data, a more detailed and refined analysis was con￾ducted (Jia et al. 2025b). By incorporating the latest BAO measurements and upda… view at source ↗
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Fitting results for H0(z) using equal-width binning across ten redshift intervals. Left panel: H0(z) as a function of redshift. A clear decreasing trend is observed, with a significance of 5.6σ at z > 0.3. Right panel: Normalized probability distributions of H0(z) for ten redshift bins, which are well-approximated by Gaussian profiles. More details can be seen in Ref. Jia et al. (2023). Another popular mod… view at source ↗
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Predictions of H0(zmax) derived from a sample of 36 H(z) measurements (31 CC + 5 BAO). Here, H0(zmax) denotes the Hubble constant inferred from a dataset truncated at a maximum redshift zmax. The red points represent the predicted values of H0(zmax). The gray and purple shaded regions indicate the constraints reported by the SH0ES and Planck collaborations, respectively. The blue dotted vertical line marks… view at source ↗
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: The descending trend of the Hubble constant [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p020_9.png] view at source ↗
read the original abstract

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are luminous, millisecond-duration extragalactic radio transients that have emerged as a powerful, complementary cosmological probe for investigating the late-time cosmic evolution, offering unique advantages over conventional probes such as Type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background radiation. This review systematically summarizes the cosmological applications of FRBs, focusing on their critical roles in measuring the Hubble constant ($H_0$) and constraining dark energy properties. Benefiting from the precise dispersion measure (DM) - redshift relation of localized FRBs, the integrated electron density of the intergalactic medium (IGM) along the line of sight can be tightly modeled, enabling independent and low-redshift measurements of the cosmic expansion rate. Current FRB samples consisting of localized and non-localized events provide competitive $H_0$ constraints, offering an independent method to measure $H_0$. FRBs also serve as effective tracers to constrain dark energy equation-of-state parameters. We comprehensively discuss key limiting factors for FRB cosmological precision, including uncertainties in Galactic and host galaxy electron density models, and IGM inhomogeneities. With the rapid growth of high-precision FRB surveys and localized FRB samples, FRBs are promising to provide stringent constraints on late-time cosmic acceleration, dark energy evolution and cosmic baryons.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Referee Report

0 major / 2 minor

Summary. This review summarizes the cosmological applications of fast radio bursts (FRBs), emphasizing their use via the dispersion measure (DM)-redshift relation to obtain independent low-redshift H0 measurements and to constrain dark energy equation-of-state parameters. It states that current localized and non-localized FRB samples already yield competitive H0 constraints, positions FRBs as effective tracers for dark energy, identifies key systematics (Galactic/host electron density models and IGM inhomogeneities), and argues that future high-precision surveys will deliver stringent constraints on late-time acceleration and cosmic baryons.

Significance. If the cited literature is represented accurately and comprehensively, the manuscript provides a useful compilation of FRB cosmology results that highlights their complementary strengths relative to SN Ia, BAO, and CMB probes. The explicit identification of dominant systematics in the abstract and throughout is a strength, as is the forward-looking discussion of survey prospects. No new derivations or fits are introduced, so the paper's value lies in synthesis rather than novel claims.

minor comments (2)
  1. [Abstract] The abstract refers to 'current FRB samples' providing 'competitive H0 constraints' without quoting specific numerical values or citing the particular analyses (e.g., which localized sample yields what H0 uncertainty); adding one or two representative numbers would improve immediate readability.
  2. [Introduction] Section headings and the overall structure are not visible in the provided excerpt, but the transition from H0 discussion to dark-energy constraints to systematics would benefit from an explicit roadmap paragraph at the end of the introduction.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of the manuscript and for recommending acceptance. No major comments were raised in the report.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Review paper; no derivations or fits introduced by authors

full rationale

The manuscript is explicitly a review that summarizes external literature on FRB applications to cosmology. Its strongest claims rest on cited prior analyses of localized FRB samples for H0 and dark-energy constraints. No new equations, parameter fits, or modeling assumptions are derived within the paper itself. The abstract and structure flag systematics (Galactic/host DM, IGM inhomogeneity) as external limiting factors without introducing author-defined quantities that are then re-used as predictions. No self-citation chain, ansatz smuggling, or renaming of results occurs. The work is therefore self-contained against external benchmarks and exhibits no circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

This is a review paper; no new free parameters, axioms, or invented entities are introduced by the authors. The work relies on standard cosmological assumptions and electron density models from prior literature.

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