Advancements in Superconducting Microwave Cavities and Qubits for Quantum Information Systems

Superconducting microwave cavities with ultra-high Q-factors are revolutionizing the field of quantum computing, offering long coherence times exceeding 1 ms, which is critical for realizing scalable multi-qubit quantum systems with low error rates. In this work, we provide an in-depth analysis of recent advances in ultra-high Q-factor cavities, integration of Josephson junction-based qubits, and bosonic-encoded qubits in 3D cavities. We examine the sources of quantum state dephasing caused by damping and noise mechanisms in cavities and qubits, highlighting the critical challenges that need to be addressed to achieve even higher coherence times. We critically survey the latest progress made in implementing single 3D qubits using superconducting materials, normal metals, and multi-qubit and multi-state quantum systems. Our work sheds light on the promising future of this research area, including novel materials for cavities and qubits, modes with nontrivial topological properties, error correction techniques for bosonic qubits, and new light-matter interaction effects.