Pith. sign in

REVIEW 1 major objections 48 references

Broadband AC Magnetic Field Sensing via Continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance with NV Centers in diamond

T0 review · 1 major / 0 minor · reviewed 2026-06-28 · grok-4.3

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read Microwave-driven dressed states allow CW-ODMR with NV centers to detect AC magnetic fields up to 100 MHz.

desk verdict The dressed-state CW-ODMR proposal extends AC bandwidth to ~100 MHz on paper, but the coherence under strong continuous drive is the assumption that still needs scrutiny. read the letter →

arxiv 2606.05928 v1 pith:TL5RAU2C submitted 2026-06-04 quant-ph

Ryohei Dokai , Ryusei Okaniwa , Miku Ishizaki , Junko Ishi-Hayase , Yuichiro Matsuzaki This is my paper
classification quant-ph
keywords NVcentersdiamondCW-ODMRACmagnetometrydressedstatesbroadbandsensingquantumsensorsmagneticresonance
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper proposes a scheme that uses microwave-driven dressed states to extend continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance for AC magnetic field sensing with NV centers in diamond. Conventional CW-ODMR methods are limited to a narrow frequency range of a few MHz either by fixed physical parameters or tunable restrictions, but this approach targets frequencies on the order of 100 MHz. A sympathetic reader would care because the method keeps the experimental simplicity of continuous-wave operation while expanding the usable bandwidth for room-temperature quantum sensing applications.

What carries the argument

microwave-driven dressed states, which modify the NV center resonance conditions to support tunable high-frequency AC field detection in a continuous-wave setup.

What would settle it

An experiment applying an AC field near 100 MHz to an NV center under the proposed dressed-state CW-ODMR drive and observing no measurable resonance shift or signal above the conventional few-MHz bandwidth limit.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, the proposed scheme using microwave-driven dressed states enables the detection of AC magnetic fields with frequencies up to the order of 100 MHz, which has been difficult to achieve using conventional CW-ODMR-based methods.

Load-bearing premise

The dressed states created by the continuous microwave drive maintain sufficient coherence and do not introduce prohibitive additional decoherence or noise that would prevent practical detection at frequencies approaching 100 MHz.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • AC magnetic fields up to 100 MHz become accessible with simple continuous-wave optically detected setups.
  • The detection bandwidth expands while preserving room-temperature operation and experimental simplicity.
  • Numerical simulations validate that the dressed-state approach overcomes prior frequency restrictions.
  • The scheme remains compatible with existing NV center hardware without requiring pulsed control sequences.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Integration with existing NV sensors could enable real-time monitoring of faster magnetic dynamics in materials or biological samples.
  • Experimental tests at intermediate frequencies between 10 and 100 MHz would map the practical coherence limits of the dressed states.
  • Similar dressed-state techniques might apply to other continuous-drive quantum sensors to address bandwidth constraints.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript proposes a scheme for broadband AC magnetic field sensing using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW-ODMR) on NV centers in diamond. By driving the NV spin transitions with a continuous microwave field to create dressed states, the approach aims to extend the detectable AC field frequencies to ~100 MHz, overcoming the few-MHz limit of conventional CW-ODMR methods. The central claim is supported by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations showing that the dressed-state scheme enables this bandwidth extension.

Significance. If the result holds, the work would provide a practical route to higher-bandwidth AC magnetometry with a technically simple CW-ODMR platform that operates at room temperature. The explicit use of dressed states to achieve tunable, broadband response is a clear conceptual advance over fixed-frequency or narrowly tunable conventional schemes. Credit is due for grounding the proposal in both analytic derivations and numerical simulations rather than purely phenomenological arguments.

major comments (1)
  1. [theoretical analysis and numerical simulations sections] The central claim that AC fields up to ~100 MHz remain detectable rests on the assumption that the continuous microwave drive maintains sufficient coherence in the dressed states. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations do not appear to contain an explicit scaling of the total dephasing rate (including drive-amplitude fluctuations or power broadening) with Rabi frequency in the high-frequency regime; without this, it is unclear whether sideband contrast survives before the effective linewidth exceeds the AC frequency scale.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their careful reading of the manuscript and for identifying this important point regarding the coherence properties of the dressed states. We address the comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: [theoretical analysis and numerical simulations sections] The central claim that AC fields up to ~100 MHz remain detectable rests on the assumption that the continuous microwave drive maintains sufficient coherence in the dressed states. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulations do not appear to contain an explicit scaling of the total dephasing rate (including drive-amplitude fluctuations or power broadening) with Rabi frequency in the high-frequency regime; without this, it is unclear whether sideband contrast survives before the effective linewidth exceeds the AC frequency scale.

    Authors: We thank the referee for this observation. The master-equation treatment in the theoretical analysis section incorporates a phenomenological dephasing rate whose dependence on the continuous microwave Rabi frequency is implicit through the dressed-state basis transformation, and the numerical simulations are performed at Rabi frequencies chosen to remain within the regime where power broadening does not yet dominate the AC sideband separation. Nevertheless, we agree that an explicit analytic scaling of the total dephasing rate (including drive-amplitude noise and power-broadening contributions) versus Rabi frequency is not derived separately for the high-frequency regime. We will add a short subsection that provides this scaling, together with a parameter scan confirming that sideband contrast remains observable up to ~100 MHz for experimentally accessible drive strengths and noise levels. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

Theoretical proposal derives from standard NV physics without circular reduction

full rationale

The paper advances a scheme for broadband AC sensing up to ~100 MHz via CW-ODMR with microwave-dressed states, justified by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. No load-bearing step reduces a claimed prediction to a fitted parameter, self-defined quantity, or self-citation chain by construction. The derivation starts from established NV center Hamiltonians and coherence properties to obtain the bandwidth extension; the central result is not equivalent to its inputs. This matches the reader's assessment of no significant circularity.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 1 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on standard assumptions about NV center spin physics and the validity of the dressed-state approximation under continuous microwave driving.

assumptions (1)
  • domain assumption Standard NV center Hamiltonian and optical readout properties hold as established in prior literature.
    The scheme is built on established NV physics without new postulates.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Broadband AC Magnetic Field Sensing via Continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance with NV Centers in diamond." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/TL5RAU2C

@misc{pith2026260605928,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Broadband AC Magnetic Field Sensing via Continuous wave optically detected magnetic resonance with NV Centers in diamond},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/TL5RAU2C}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2606.05928}
}
read the original abstract

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has attracted considerable attention as a highly sensitive quantum sensor that can operate at room temperature. In particular, continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW-ODMR) is promising for a wide range of applications because of its simplicity. However, conventional AC magnetic-field sensing schemes based on CW-ODMR suffer from a limited detection bandwidth: the detectable frequency is either fixed by intrinsic physical parameters of the NV center or, even when tunable, restricted to a narrow range of only a few MHz. Here, we propose a broadband AC magnetometry scheme based on CW-ODMR with NV centers using microwave-driven dressed states.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, we show that the proposed scheme enables the detection of AC magnetic fields with frequencies up to the order of 100 MHz, which has been difficult to achieve using conventional CW-ODMR-based methods.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2606.05928 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. shows the result of the simulation performed with the above parameters. From the figure, the occupa￾tion probability drops at specific positions of the target frequency fT . Substituting the present simulation pa￾rameters (2E/2π = 20 MHz, λD/4π = 3 MHz) into the resonance condition ωT = |2E ± λD/2| derived in Chap￾ter IV, the predicted resonance frequencies are fT ≈ 17 MHz, 23 MHz. (29) In the simulation results as … view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2: Plots of the variation of the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. FIG. 4: Plot of the estimation error as a function of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_4.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5: Dependence of the signal intensity (expected [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_5.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7: Estimated sensitivity as a function of [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_7.png]

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

48 extracted references

  1. [1]

    ˆSx = |B⟩ ⟨0|+ |0⟩ ⟨B|, ˆSy = − i |D⟩ ⟨0|+ i |0⟩ ⟨D|, ˆSz = |B⟩ ⟨D|+ |D⟩ ⟨B|

    87 GHz), E is the crystal-strain parameter ( E/ 2π ≈ 10 MHz), γe is the electron gyromagnetic ratio ( γe/ 2π ≈ 28 GHz/T), and ˆS = ( ˆSx, ˆSy, ˆSz) are the spin operators. ˆSx = |B⟩ ⟨0|+ |0⟩ ⟨B|, ˆSy = − i |D⟩ ⟨0|+ i |0⟩ ⟨D|, ˆSz = |B⟩ ⟨D|+ |D⟩ ⟨B|. (2) Here we have defined the bright state |B⟩ and the dark state |D⟩ as the following linear combinations of...

  2. [2]

    87 GHz) produces an energy difference between the |0⟩ state and the |B⟩ (|D⟩) states. When green laser light (around 532 nm wavelength) is applied, the NV center is excited to an optical excited state, after which the spin is preferentially transferred (initialized) into the ms = 0 state. Moreover, the fluorescence from the |0⟩ state is brighter than that f...

  3. [3]

    However, the detectable frequency in this scheme is uniquely determined by the strain parameter E of the NV center

    5 µ T/ √ Hz has been achieved for an AC magnetic field with ω AC/ 2π ≈ 4 MHz [ 30]. However, the detectable frequency in this scheme is uniquely determined by the strain parameter E of the NV center. Detection requires satisfying the resonance 4 condition ω AC ≈ 2E, and E is a fixed value that depends on the individual diamond sample and the local environ- ...

  4. [4]

    0 MHz to 200 . 0 MHz. The figure shows that as the value of λ D increases, the spacing between the two dips broadens and the resonance frequencies shift to the higher-frequency side. In all cases, the dip positions agree with the resonance condition ω T = ± (2E ± λ D/ 2), just as for λ D/ 2π = 6 . 0 MHz. This result supports that, by us- ing strong microwa...

  5. [5]

    0 MHz to 200 . 0 MHz. The other parameters are D/ 2π = 2870 MHz, E/ 2π = 10 MHz, ω D/ 2π = 2860 MHz, λ T / 2π = 1. 0 MHz, Γ / 2π = 2. 0 MHz, and t = 5 µ s. 7 B. Amplitude Dependence of the Signal and Fermi’s Golden Rule Next, we examined how the signal of this sensing scheme responds to the strength of the magnetic field. With the target frequency fixed at ...

  6. [6]

    C. L. Degen, F. Reinhard, and P. Cappellaro, Quantum sensing, Reviews of Modern Physics 89, 035002 (2017)

    2017

  7. [7]

    Aslam, H

    N. Aslam, H. Zhou, E. K. Urbach, M. J. Turner, R. L. Walsworth, M. D. Lukin, and H. Park, Quantum sensors for biomedical applications, Nature Reviews Physics 5, 157 (2023)

    2023

  8. [8]

    Tanaka, P

    T. Tanaka, P. Knott, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Dooley, H. Ya- maguchi, W. J. Munro, and S. Saito, Proposed robust entanglement-based magnetic field sensor beyond the standard quantum limit, Physical Review Letters 115, 170801 (2015)

    2015

Show all 48 references
  1. [9]

    Facon, E.-K

    A. Facon, E.-K. Dietsche, D. Grosso, S. Haroche, J.-M. Raimond, M. Brune, and S. Gleyzes, A sensitive elec- trometer based on a Rydberg atom in a Schr¨ odinger-cat state, Nature 535, 262 (2016)

    2016

  2. [10]

    Huang, M

    J. Huang, M. Zhuang, and C. Lee, Entanglement- enhanced quantum metrology: From standard quantum limit to Heisenberg limit, Applied Physics Reviews 11 (2024)

    2024

  3. [11]

    J. F. Barry, J. M. Schloss, E. Bauch, M. J. Turner, C. A. Hart, L. M. Pham, and R. L. Walsworth, Sensitivity op- timization for NV-diamond magnetometry, Reviews of Modern Physics 92, 015004 (2020)

    2020

  4. [12]

    Balasubramanian, P

    G. Balasubramanian, P. Neumann, D. Twitchen, M. Markham, R. Kolesov, N. Mizuochi, J. Isoya, J. Achard, J. Beck, J. Tissler, et al. , Ultralong spin co- herence time in isotopically engineered diamond, Nature Materials 8, 383 (2009)

    2009

  5. [13]

    E. D. Herbschleb, H. Kato, Y. Maruyama, T. Danjo, T. Makino, S. Yamasaki, I. Ohki, K. Hayashi, H. Mor- ishita, M. Fujiwara, et al. , Ultra-long coherence times amongst room-temperature solid-state spins, Nature Communications 10, 3766 (2019)

    2019

  6. [14]

    Harrison, M

    J. Harrison, M. J. Sellars, and N. B. Manson, Optical spin polarisation of the NV centre in diamond, Journal of Luminescence 107, 245 (2004)

    2004

  7. [15]

    Gruber, A

    A. Gruber, A. Drabenstedt, C. Tietz, L. Fleury, J. Wrachtrup, and C. von Borczyskowski, Scanning con- focal optical microscopy and magnetic resonance on sin- gle defect centers, Science 276, 2012 (1997)

    2012

  8. [16]

    Schirhagl, K

    R. Schirhagl, K. Chang, M. Loretz, and C. L. Degen, Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: nanoscale sen- sors for physics and biology, Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 65, 83 (2014)

    2014

  9. [17]

    L. M. Pham, D. Le Sage, P. L. Stanwix, T. K. Yeung, D. Glenn, A. Trifonov, P. Cappellaro, P. R. Hemmer, M. D. Lukin, H. Park, et al. , Magnetic field imaging with nitrogen-vacancy ensembles, New Journal of Physics 13, 045021 (2011)

    2011

  10. [18]

    Le Sage, K

    D. Le Sage, K. Arai, D. R. Glenn, S. J. DeVience, L. M. Pham, L. Rahn-Lee, M. D. Lukin, A. Yacoby, A. Komeili, and R. L. Walsworth, Optical magnetic imaging of living cells, Nature 496, 486 (2013)

    2013

  11. [19]

    Mizuno, H

    K. Mizuno, H. Ishiwata, Y. Masuyama, T. Iwasaki, and M. Hatano, Simultaneous wide-field imaging of phase and magnitude of AC magnetic signal using diamond quan- tum magnetometry, Scientific Reports 10, 11611 (2020)

    2020

  12. [20]

    Balasubramanian, I

    G. Balasubramanian, I. Y. Chan, R. Kolesov, M. Al- Hmoud, J. Tisler, C. Shin, C. Kim, A. Wojcik, P. R. Hemmer, A. Krueger, et al. , Nanoscale imaging magne- tometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions, Nature 455, 648 (2008)

    2008

  13. [21]

    C. L. Degen, Scanning magnetic field microscope with a diamond single-spin sensor, Applied Physics Letters 92 (2008)

    2008

  14. [22]

    M. S. Grinolds, P. Maletinsky, S. Hong, M. D. Lukin, R. L. Walsworth, and A. Yacoby, Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imag- ing, Nature Physics 7, 687 (2011)

    2011

  15. [23]

    W. S. Huxter, M. L. Palm, M. L. Davis, P. Welter, C.-H. Lambert, M. Trassin, and C. L. Degen, Scanning gra- diometry with a single spin quantum magnetometer, Na- ture Communications 13, 3761 (2022)

    2022

  16. [24]

    B. J. Maertz, A. P. Wijnheijmer, G. D. Fuchs, M. E. Nowakowski, and D. D. Awschalom, Vector magnetic field microscopy using nitrogen vacancy centers in dia- mond, Applied Physics Letters 96 (2010)

    2010

  17. [25]

    Steinert, F

    S. Steinert, F. Dolde, P. Neumann, A. Aird, B. Naydenov, G. Balasubramanian, F. Jelezko, and J. Wrachtrup, High sensitivity magnetic imaging using an array of spins in diamond, Review of Scientific Instruments 81 (2010)

    2010

  18. [26]

    Kitazawa, Y

    S. Kitazawa, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Saijo, K. Kakuyanagi, S. Saito, and J. Ishi-Hayase, Vector-magnetic-field sens- ing via multifrequency control of nitrogen-vacancy cen- ters in diamond, Physical Review A 96, 042115 (2017)

    2017

  19. [27]

    Yahata, Y

    K. Yahata, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Saito, H. Watanabe, and J. Ishi-Hayase, Demonstration of vector magnetic field sensing by simultaneous control of nitrogen-vacancy cen- ters in diamond using multi-frequency microwave pulses, Applied Physics Letters 114 (2019)

    2019

  20. [28]

    Wang, Y.-X

    G. Wang, Y.-X. Liu, Y. Zhu, and P. Cappellaro, Nanoscale vector AC magnetometry with a single nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, Nano Letters 21, 5143 (2021)

    2021

  21. [29]

    J. M. Taylor, P. Cappellaro, L. Childress, L. Jiang, D. Budker, P. R. Hemmer, A. Yacoby, R. Walsworth, and M. D. Lukin, High-sensitivity diamond magnetometer with nanoscale resolution, Nature Physics 4, 810 (2008)

    2008

  22. [30]

    J. R. Maze, P. L. Stanwix, J. S. Hodges, S. Hong, J. M. Taylor, P. Cappellaro, L. Jiang, M. V. G. Dutt, E. Togan, A. S. Zibrov, et al. , Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in diamond, Nature 455, 644 10 (2008)

    2008

  23. [31]

    L. M. Pham, N. Bar-Gill, C. Belthangady, D. Le Sage, P. Cappellaro, M. D. Lukin, A. Yacoby, and R. L. Walsworth, Enhanced solid-state multispin metrology using dynamical decoupling, Physical Review B— Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 86, 045214 (2012)

    2012

  24. [32]

    Loretz, T

    M. Loretz, T. Rosskopf, and C. L. Degen, Radio- frequency magnetometry using a single electron spin, Physical Review Letters 110, 017602 (2013)

    2013

  25. [33]

    T. Wolf, P. Neumann, K. Nakamura, H. Sumiya, T. Ohshima, J. Isoya, and J. Wrachtrup, Subpicotesla diamond magnetometry, Physical Review X 5, 041001 (2015)

    2015

  26. [34]

    Stark, N

    A. Stark, N. Aharon, T. Unden, D. Louzon, A. Huck, A. Retzker, U. L. Andersen, and F. Jelezko, Narrow- bandwidth sensing of high-frequency fields with contin- uous dynamical decoupling, Nature Communications 8, 1105 (2017)

    2017

  27. [35]

    Saijo, Y

    S. Saijo, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Saito, T. Yamaguchi, I. Hanano, H. Watanabe, N. Mizuochi, and J. Ishi- Hayase, AC magnetic field sensing using continuous- wave optically detected magnetic resonance of nitrogen- vacancy centers in diamond, Applied Physics Letters 113, 082405 (2018)

    2018

  28. [36]

    Yamaguchi, Y

    T. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Saito, S. Saijo, H. Watanabe, N. Mizuochi, and J. Ishi-Hayase, Band- width analysis of AC magnetic field sensing based on electronic spin double-resonance of nitrogen-vacancy cen - ters in diamond, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 58, 100901 (2019)

    2019

  29. [37]

    Okaniwa, T

    R. Okaniwa, T. Mikawa, Y. Matsuzaki, T. Yam- aguchi, K. Sasaki, R. Suzuki, N. Tokuda, H. Watan- abe, N. Mizuochi, K. Kobayashi, and J. Ishi- Hayase, Frequency-tunable magnetic field sensing using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance with nitrogen-vacancy center...

    2024

  30. [38]

    H. S. Jung, J. Cremer, A. Zhang, S. Fan, S. Kim, G. Yang, R. L. Walsworth, and D. Ham, Impedance- tuned microwave loop for fast, homogeneous Rabi oscilla- tions of a dense ensemble of NV-diamond electronic spins, Nano Letters 25, 15566 (2025)

    2025

  31. [39]

    Lindblad, On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups, Communications in Mathematical Physics 48, 119 (1976)

    G. Lindblad, On the generators of quantum dynamical semigroups, Communications in Mathematical Physics 48, 119 (1976)

    1976

  32. [40]

    Gorini, A

    V. Gorini, A. Kossakowski, and E. C. G. Sudarshan, Completely positive dynamical semigroups of N-level sys- tems, Journal of Mathematical Physics 17, 821 (1976)

    1976

  33. [41]

    Hornberger, Introduction to decoherence theory, in Entanglement and Decoherence: Foundations and Mod- ern Trends (Springer, 2009) pp

    K. Hornberger, Introduction to decoherence theory, in Entanglement and Decoherence: Foundations and Mod- ern Trends (Springer, 2009) pp. 221–276

    2009

  34. [42]

    M. W. Doherty, N. B. Manson, P. Delaney, F. Jelezko, J. Wrachtrup, and L. C. L. Hollenberg, The nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in diamond, Physics Reports 528, 1 (2013)

    2013

  35. [43]

    V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter, C. San- tori, K.-M. C. Fu, P. E. Barclay, R. G. Beausoleil, H. Linget, J.-F. Roch, F. Treussart, S. Chemerisov, W. Gawlik, and D. Budker, Diamonds with a high den- sity of nitrogen-vacancy centers for magnetometry appli- cations, Physic...

    2009

  36. [44]

    Yamaguchi, Y

    T. Yamaguchi, Y. Matsuzaki, S. Saijo, H. Watanabe, N. Mizuochi, and J. Ishi-Hayase, Control of all the tran- sitions between ground state manifolds of nitrogen va- cancy centers in diamonds by applying external magnetic driving fields, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 59, 11...

    2020

  37. [45]

    Mikawa, R

    T. Mikawa, R. Okaniwa, Y. Matsuzaki, N. Tokuda, and J. Ishi-Hayase, Electron-spin double resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond under a strong driv- ing field, Physical Review A 108, 012610 (2023)

    2023

  38. [46]

    R. M. Pettit, L. P. Neukirch, Y. Zhang, and A. Nick Vamivakas, Coherent control of a single nitrogen- vacancy center spin in optically levitated nanodiamond, Journal of the Optical Society of America B 34, C31 (2017)

    2017

  39. [47]

    Dolde, H

    F. Dolde, H. Fedder, M. W. Doherty, T. N¨ obauer, F. Rempp, G. Balasubramanian, T. Wolf, F. Reinhard, L. C. L. Hollenberg, F. Jelezko, et al. , Electric-field sens- ing using single diamond spins, Nature Physics 7, 459 (2011)

    2011

  40. [48]

    J. R. Johansson, P. D. Nation, and F. Nori, QuTiP: An open-source Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems, Computer Physics Communications 183, 1760 (2012)

    2012

Pith tools

Reviewed June 28, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.