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Searching for Neutral Hydrogen Escape from the 120 Myr Old Sub-Neptune HIP94235b using HST

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arxiv 2408.02170 v1 pith:U7DQTD4R submitted 2024-08-05 astro-ph.EP

classification astro-ph.EP
keywords hip94235hydrogenneutrally-alphatimescaleenergy-limitedescapingloss
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HIP94235 b, a 120 Myr old sub-Neptune, provides us the unique opportunity to study mass loss at a pivotal stage of the system's evolution: the end of a 100 million year (Myr) old phase of intense XUV irradiation. We present two observations of HIP94235 b using the Hubble Space Telescope's Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) in the Ly-alpha wavelength region. We do not observe discernible differences across either the blue and red wings of the Ly-alpha line profile in and out of transit, and report no significant detection of outflowing neutral hydrogen around the planet. We constrain the rate of neutral hydrogen escaping HIP94235 b to an upper limit of 10^13 g/s, which remains consistent with energy-limited model predictions of 10^11 g/s. The Ly-alpha non-detection is likely due to the extremely short photoionization timescale of the neutral hydrogen escaping the planet's atmosphere. This timescale, approximately 15 minutes, is significantly shorter than that of any other planets with STIS observations. Through energy-limited mass loss models, we anticipate that HIP94235 b will transition into a super-Earth within a timescale of 1 Gyr.

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  1. Understanding what helium absorption tells us about atmospheric escape from exoplanets

    astro-ph.EP 2025-01 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The helium 10830 Å absorption from escaping exoplanet atmospheres, scaled by a geometric factor, is proportional to the mass-loss rate times a temperature-sensitive atomic factor.

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