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Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs

As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 150 outbound references and 3 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.09987.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2501.09987 v1

Coverage vector

measured 100 of 150 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T19:32:41.691787Z

measured 103 of 103 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00

measured 3 of 3 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-03T22:23:51.649226Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T12:32:36.182118Z

Reference resolution

100 of 150 outbound references displayed

  • verified exact5
  • verified fuzzy5
  • unresolved89
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External citation measurements

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Outbound references

Observation b7bca62b-ff72-458e-90cf-8e1358220663 · outbound

This paper cites Krizhevsky, I.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Krizhevsky, I

Reference 1

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Observation 498b7d0a-8513-4ac2-9a12-77fd57be80f3 · outbound

This paper cites Hinton, L.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Hinton, L

Reference 2

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Observation 3957457e-a4bd-4d3c-a41d-5018f70cc5ef · outbound

This paper cites LeCun, L.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs LeCun, L

Reference 3

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Observation d53054f5-42f9-4d3f-95d6-62334b48ba01 · outbound

This paper cites Bengio, et al., Learning deep architectures for ai, Foundations and trends® in Machine Learning 2 (1) (2009) 1–127.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Bengio, et al., Learning deep architectures for ai, Foundations and trends® in Machine Learning 2 (1) (2009) 1–127

Reference 4

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Observation c7bc0f58-1b84-44f7-9639-a708cdbad3f8 · outbound

This paper cites LeCun, Y.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs LeCun, Y

Reference 5

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This paper cites E, Machine learning and computational mathematics, Communi- cations in Computational Physics 28 (5) (2020) 1639–1670.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs E, Machine learning and computational mathematics, Communi- cations in Computational Physics 28 (5) (2020) 1639–1670

Reference 6

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 0fa0415b-bb34-41bc-a9d8-fd75583ffe41 · outbound

This paper cites Hermann, Z.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Hermann, Z

Reference 9

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation b69c645e-9456-4c94-851e-92afeb68e16b · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 0970c349-0bf1-42d9-be2a-9810d72434b6 · outbound

This paper cites Cai, Computational Methods for Electromagnetic Phenomena: electrostatics in solvation, scattering, and electron transport, Cam- bridge University Press, 2013.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Cai, Computational Methods for Electromagnetic Phenomena: electrostatics in solvation, scattering, and electron transport, Cam- bridge University Press, 2013

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Observation 1e7421c9-6bf5-4a49-ac63-48d67f350ad1 · outbound

This paper cites Raissi, P.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Raissi, P

Reference 14

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 97b7fd3e-405c-4b94-9b7c-b22f13dca7ad · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation cd6959ce-4f80-4b70-ba1e-740e50eb145d · outbound

This paper cites Ciarlet, The finite element method for elliptic problems, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2002.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Ciarlet, The finite element method for elliptic problems, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2002

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Observation 280bd8e9-bdb9-4cf9-8e00-de2bb52b875b · outbound

This paper cites Zienkiewicz, R.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Zienkiewicz, R

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Observation ac9a084d-7b54-4d78-9ad3-f233a7860216 · outbound

This paper cites Jiang, The least-squares finite element method: theory and appli- cations in computational fluid dynamics and electromagnetics, Springer Science & Business Media, 1998.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Jiang, The least-squares finite element method: theory and appli- cations in computational fluid dynamics and electromagnetics, Springer Science & Business Media, 1998

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 289bcaf8-e449-4651-8820-d4d8d8f978c1 · outbound

This paper cites Hackbusch, The integral equation method, Birkh¨ auser Basel, 1995.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Hackbusch, The integral equation method, Birkh¨ auser Basel, 1995

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Observation 2e4d4590-0b83-4c00-a02f-641d3817ad12 · outbound

This paper cites Tennekes, J.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Tennekes, J

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 5a0d31ea-26ca-4e0a-ab05-8a6062d02747 · outbound

This paper cites Rammer, Quantum transport theory, CRC Press, 2018.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Rammer, Quantum transport theory, CRC Press, 2018

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This paper cites Zhang, Y.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Zhang, Y

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Observation bd1386f1-ff05-425c-aab6-8f82491f3b37 · outbound

This paper cites Brandt, Multi-level adaptive solutions to boundary-value problems, Mathematics of computation 31 (138) (1977) 333–390.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Brandt, Multi-level adaptive solutions to boundary-value problems, Mathematics of computation 31 (138) (1977) 333–390

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This paper cites Xu, Iterative methods by space decomposition and subspace correc- tion, SIAM review 34 (4) (1992) 581–613.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Xu, Iterative methods by space decomposition and subspace correc- tion, SIAM review 34 (4) (1992) 581–613

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This paper cites Saad, Iterative methods for sparse linear systems, SIAM, 2003.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Saad, Iterative methods for sparse linear systems, SIAM, 2003

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 26b37800-a04b-4827-bc79-3b41ee07a4f9 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Ciaramella, M

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This paper cites Olver, A.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Olver, A

Reference 38

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation fa2ee9f4-edfd-4657-a872-0972d5a59314 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Overview frequency principle/spectral bias in deep learning

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Cybenko, Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function, Mathematics of control, signals and systems 2 (4) (1989) 303–314

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Observation 06bf15ce-5491-4709-83ac-cde18de3ad98 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Hornik, M

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Observation 53f929dd-3b42-4a40-856f-a2dd552b6141 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Hornik, Approximation capabilities of multilayer feedforward net- works, Neural networks 4 (2) (1991) 251–257

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Observation e434b9b6-40a9-4d0a-a0e8-491f888f054c · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Leshno, V

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation a8bc1807-0c3b-46d8-9451-558d46153879 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 6432d0de-cda1-46cf-916c-f928b6fa42ed · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Dissanayake, N

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Observation 39df6010-95e9-4981-bdb1-9e98dc046edb · outbound

This paper cites Lagaris, A.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Lagaris, A

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Observation c1db1397-e017-43df-8ba4-440d0e7ccddb · outbound

This paper cites Lagaris, A.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Lagaris, A

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Observation e35e81eb-aed4-41bd-9770-6d73b801869e · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Sirignano, K

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Observation 085c107e-4c3b-4bb8-b0f5-a8eaec572e75 · outbound

This paper cites Kharazmi, Z.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Kharazmi, Z

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Observation a63bd2f7-9abd-4d43-80dc-78293ded69a0 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 19515d4b-5351-45e8-ad0d-5f179caa304d · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 7052b385-ab89-4c32-88e4-97dfec66020a · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 7e9817c1-b433-47e7-bacf-ee59e084dea8 · outbound

This paper cites Zhang, T.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Zhang, T

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Observation 743c9657-d3fb-480e-9f27-75796965f05f · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 2675fca7-2946-419e-be3a-fec83e04778f · outbound

This paper cites Bordelon, A.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Bordelon, A

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Observation bafbb9ca-96ae-4003-b313-671026519e74 · outbound

This paper cites Axelsson, Iterative solution methods, Cambridge university press, 1996.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Axelsson, Iterative solution methods, Cambridge university press, 1996

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Observation b0ecca34-1bb8-4009-b5c6-800b7fbbedfb · outbound

This paper cites Frequency Principle in Deep Learning Beyond Gradient-descent-based Training.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Frequency Principle in Deep Learning Beyond Gradient-descent-based Training

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Observation 94471594-50dc-4cfc-bcc9-cb46b83d76b5 · outbound

This paper cites Understanding training and generalization in deep learning by Fourier analysis.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Understanding training and generalization in deep learning by Fourier analysis

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Observation 06fff390-6c56-402a-a6c4-0ae645077c44 · outbound

This paper cites Biland, V.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Biland, V

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Observation 1b3bef62-4106-4e52-a733-2fc7a8bb6c2a · outbound

This paper cites Jacot, F.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Jacot, F

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Observation e04b0e5a-970c-4ccc-90cd-3d13df28656d · outbound

This paper cites Luo, Z.-Q.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Luo, Z.-Q

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Observation 6c16d754-d0c7-400a-9705-56a398717e8a · outbound

This paper cites Ronen, D.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Ronen, D

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Observation 6eb144e1-dcb9-4d9d-9eea-c45e6f03f5f3 · outbound

This paper cites Explicitizing an Implicit Bias of the Frequency Principle in Two-layer Neural Networks.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Explicitizing an Implicit Bias of the Frequency Principle in Two-layer Neural Networks

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Observation e30ed7c1-b0b1-433b-a05d-b221906109ff · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation f36454a6-0351-4c79-b376-89702ad27a38 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 0da924f6-f9a9-4195-ae70-0258ac0b2a34 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

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Observation 16046ccc-5adf-477c-a517-14d013331c45 · outbound

This paper cites Accelerating Physics-Informed Neural Network Training with Prior Dictionaries.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Accelerating Physics-Informed Neural Network Training with Prior Dictionaries

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 7dbce4ab-c40c-4d5b-9851-aaf56213f7a4 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 81

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation f3298660-ab82-480c-9ff8-b50223f211ad · outbound

This paper cites multi- scale deep neural network (mscalednn) for solving poisson-boltzmann equation in complex domains cicp, 28 (5): 1970–2001, 2020.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs multi- scale deep neural network (mscalednn) for solving poisson-boltzmann equation in complex domains cicp, 28 (5): 1970–2001, 2020

Reference 82

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 91f8f24f-0fba-43e0-8946-5c4e9e49f9a2 · outbound

This paper cites Tancik, P.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Tancik, P

Reference 83

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Observation 82dc4bd7-afc4-419b-b072-26ca968152db · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 84

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 30b054c0-cb99-4121-a11b-5d82c023b293 · outbound

This paper cites Multi-scale Deep Neural Networks for Solving High Dimensional PDEs.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Multi-scale Deep Neural Networks for Solving High Dimensional PDEs

Reference 85

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation e4422735-e86e-4e4d-be3b-3e5c83a31cda · outbound

This paper cites Huang, H.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Huang, H

Reference 86

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 87

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation c25b544e-11aa-4fe9-a5e9-b3a9d5a8d241 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 88

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 543b4589-2d26-4e17-8e18-c247b7880be2 · outbound

This paper cites Li, Z.-Q.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Li, Z.-Q

Reference 89

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 0f9d206b-76f1-4f4c-be3e-748bb37d1321 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 90

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 54813a23-9337-471c-ad27-a192d4fa96ca · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 91

Resolution
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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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This paper cites Linearized Learning Methods with Multiscale Deep Neural Networks for Stationary Navier-Stokes Equations with Oscillatory Solutions.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Linearized Learning Methods with Multiscale Deep Neural Networks for Stationary Navier-Stokes Equations with Oscillatory Solutions

Reference 92

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation baa6b7cb-92c3-493f-a5d0-77570a000809 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 93

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation b2e53d93-336e-4c91-bcdb-639fcd9bd5d0 · outbound

This paper cites Multiscale Physics-Informed Neural Networks for the Inverse Design of Hyperuniform Optical Materials.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Multiscale Physics-Informed Neural Networks for the Inverse Design of Hyperuniform Optical Materials

Reference 94

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 93a9f8f1-3b5b-4ccf-9ea5-c35c242b9c74 · outbound

This paper cites On Spectral Bias Reduction of Multi-scale Neural Networks for Regression Problems.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs On Spectral Bias Reduction of Multi-scale Neural Networks for Regression Problems

Reference 95

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation dc2489c6-c373-470f-a32a-49c836487cc1 · outbound

This paper cites Frequency-adaptive Multi-scale Deep Neural Networks.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Frequency-adaptive Multi-scale Deep Neural Networks

Reference 96

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation 907b1bb6-9962-4d8f-a344-7280e9119913 · outbound

This paper cites Vaswani, N.

On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Vaswani, N

Reference 97

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation a37bcd3e-a465-4370-895c-c3a71214b6c6 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Mildenhall, P

Reference 98

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Source-reported events for the cited work

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Observation b8ba0acf-7277-4eb4-95ef-860c5fa045e4 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 99

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Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 82f9d51a-e11d-4128-bd78-7a254ba6a6e5 · outbound

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On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs Unresolved cited work

Reference 100

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Pith citing papers

Observation 08b69060-4500-4011-aef3-cf2b25a921ef · inbound

A Greedy PDE Router for Blending Neural Operators and Classical Methods cites this paper.

A Greedy PDE Router for Blending Neural Operators and Classical Methods On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs

Reference 18

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No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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Observation 289179aa-29c7-4ffd-ba23-8775cefd29d8 · inbound

SUPER Module for Detail-Sensitive and Cost-Efficient U-Net Variant Decoders cites this paper.

SUPER Module for Detail-Sensitive and Cost-Efficient U-Net Variant Decoders On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs

Reference 22

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Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

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Observation c16cf52b-7a8c-40cc-984f-92951f13f01f · inbound

On the Convergence Behavior of Preconditioned Gradient Descent Toward the Rich Learning Regime cites this paper.

On the Convergence Behavior of Preconditioned Gradient Descent Toward the Rich Learning Regime On understanding and overcoming spectral biases of deep neural network learning methods for solving PDEs

Reference 21

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arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T17:23:09.967086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.

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