Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.18479.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.18479 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.191318Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00

measured 5 of 5 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-29T21:19:29.541390Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-01T20:56:14.139325Z

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy18
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation ff4a8c20-6e64-4c89-b94e-be18e63b42c7 · outbound

This paper cites Learning by dis- covering concept hierarchies,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Learning by dis- covering concept hierarchies,

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.641223Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation aa4ff4df-7e4a-4038-af4e-09631f57535f · outbound

This paper cites Deep knowledge tracing,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Deep knowledge tracing,

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.626956Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation cc52a069-988b-4528-8215-b37e816546f5 · outbound

This paper cites Prerequisite-driven deep knowledge tracing,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Prerequisite-driven deep knowledge tracing,

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.612863Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1c062b30-3dff-4912-96b4-e7ebf60037db · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.598813Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6a5ec576-3387-4bf2-a5c1-13b3bdd0f5a0 · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.086322Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e0af4764-6694-4cf0-8264-7ddfa7c75183 · outbound

This paper cites The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts The claude 3 model family: Opus, sonnet, haiku

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.584205Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 4ee03990-2a0c-49fb-804f-231fb1c8a7e9 · outbound

This paper cites LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.096054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4956403a-d788-4f59-9418-d1d905f7e131 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.100693Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4561cfb3-ead2-46d6-9a93-afbb1a318cbe · outbound

This paper cites Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.104891Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f1e9212b-b7c2-493c-802a-7dd8990ae50a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.568290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation aec80dce-8a8e-4d19-adb4-0c2636876d89 · outbound

This paper cites Personal learning environment toward lifelong learning: an ontology-driven conceptual model,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Personal learning environment toward lifelong learning: an ontology-driven conceptual model,

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.553459Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e059aca1-ec0f-4ff0-adae-e6ee68ce68a3 · outbound

This paper cites Inferring concept prerequisite relations from online educational resources,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Inferring concept prerequisite relations from online educational resources,

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.538423Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 0a19b627-1d17-4a18-86b7-6d883eee2145 · outbound

This paper cites Prerequisite relation learning for concepts in moocs,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Prerequisite relation learning for concepts in moocs,

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.523932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 6c77adec-e4a5-4540-a8a4-f7ac323c6a89 · outbound

This paper cites Learning concept prerequisite relation via global knowledge relation optimization,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Learning concept prerequisite relation via global knowledge relation optimization,

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.509630Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 745bb9d5-a104-4791-b703-e61e11335e50 · outbound

This paper cites Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Bert: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding,

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.131140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 953ca18b-f25b-46d9-87c1-6f4291d24c26 · outbound

This paper cites Retrieval-augmented recommender system: Enhancing recommender systems with large language models,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Retrieval-augmented recommender system: Enhancing recommender systems with large language models,

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.484927Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 50df90e0-b112-41a7-ad01-01f37064e817 · outbound

This paper cites Empowering education with llms-the next-gen interface and content generation,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Empowering education with llms-the next-gen interface and content generation,

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.470878Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 781c4f16-867d-4ecb-b471-c9c50aa52c05 · outbound

This paper cites Exploring large language models for knowledge graph completion,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Exploring large language models for knowledge graph completion,

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.456239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation df46bb5e-698c-4047-889d-eb6c779ff2b7 · outbound

This paper cites Zero-shot link prediction in knowledge graphs with large language models,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Zero-shot link prediction in knowledge graphs with large language models,

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.440474Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation f890a69e-5c2a-4d12-8911-f6268bc6f93e · outbound

This paper cites Skill-LLM: Repurposing General-Purpose LLMs for Skill Extraction.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Skill-LLM: Repurposing General-Purpose LLMs for Skill Extraction

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.152254Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fbbad89e-ebf1-4a62-bb41-200609f951a5 · outbound

This paper cites Taxonomy-Guided Zero-Shot Recommendations with LLMs.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Taxonomy-Guided Zero-Shot Recommendations with LLMs

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.157172Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5f85cf04-c2c9-480f-88ab-bc6755f4ddb1 · outbound

This paper cites Zero-shot learners for natural language understanding via a unified multiple-choice perspective,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Zero-shot learners for natural language understanding via a unified multiple-choice perspective,

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.426523Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 385739da-6914-4a18-bab4-9b73cf2f40ba · outbound

This paper cites Artificial intelligence in education: Aied for personalised learning pathways.,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Artificial intelligence in education: Aied for personalised learning pathways.,

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.411715Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 68b7e79c-cd22-4fdb-bab6-bd87ecc14fcc · outbound

This paper cites Human resources for big data professions: A systematic classification of job roles and required skill sets,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Human resources for big data professions: A systematic classification of job roles and required skill sets,

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.396598Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 89d71149-8657-43dc-be24-28ab4ad7e7ec · outbound

This paper cites Zero-shot learning—a comprehensive evaluation of the good, the bad and the ugly,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Zero-shot learning—a comprehensive evaluation of the good, the bad and the ugly,

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.381855Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 1ddb258a-0d5d-4950-9647-477824bc2415 · outbound

This paper cites Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback,

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.177999Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9271a746-e1bf-42cb-b92b-c9298077d242 · outbound

This paper cites Chain of preference optimization: Improving chain-of-thought reasoning in llms,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Chain of preference optimization: Improving chain-of-thought reasoning in llms,

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.356876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 742796cd-d131-4e85-bd35-3c7806f8a730 · outbound

This paper cites Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks,.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts Sentence-bert: Sentence embeddings using siamese bert-networks,

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.340341Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation e99bb232-48f1-4ca3-af90-492f8f7f9b12 · outbound

This paper cites BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT.

How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T14:37:38.191318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation fa14c57b-541c-4ffa-a43f-4e8c3068170a · inbound

KG-First, LLM-Fallback: A Hybrid Microservice for Grounded Skill Search and Explanation cites this paper.

KG-First, LLM-Fallback: A Hybrid Microservice for Grounded Skill Search and Explanation How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:21:06.401794Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation bb2af430-1327-4783-b4e7-b73fe129b1eb · inbound

When Can We Trust Early Warnings? Leakage-Excluded Early Outcome Prediction from LMS Interaction Logs cites this paper.

When Can We Trust Early Warnings? Leakage-Excluded Early Outcome Prediction from LMS Interaction Logs How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

Reference 16

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T21:23:59.039467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation b6fea5ae-ae51-4318-83cb-f88efb41f4e3 · inbound

From Learning Resources to Competencies: LLM-Based Tagging with Evidence and Graph Constraints cites this paper.

From Learning Resources to Competencies: LLM-Based Tagging with Evidence and Graph Constraints How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

Reference 12

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T12:43:25.384367Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 257ba559-1fe5-48f0-9401-66085c67ebac · inbound

From Prompts to Context: An Ontology-Driven Framework for Human-Generative AI Collaboration cites this paper.

From Prompts to Context: An Ontology-Driven Framework for Human-Generative AI Collaboration How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

Reference 104

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-29T05:53:08.866804Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.

Observation 5a70d841-1491-4a49-bf36-880a6a460431 · inbound

Large Language Models in Transportation Systems Management and Operations: From Text Reasoning to Multi-modal Decision Support cites this paper.

Large Language Models in Transportation Systems Management and Operations: From Text Reasoning to Multi-modal Decision Support How Well Do LLMs Predict Prerequisite Skills? Zero-Shot Comparison to Expert-Defined Concepts

Reference 13

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T20:56:14.140783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-08T06:32:00.761636+00:00.