Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment

As of 23 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2504.21158.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2504.21158 v1

Coverage vector

measured 43 of 43 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.278225Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T18:22:05.384127Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-06-28T20:42:37.829237Z

Reference resolution

43 of 43 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy39
unresolved3
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 59ba3f94-5d2a-4902-aa2e-bb89f8bcddb4 · outbound

This paper cites A systematic mapping review of surrogate safety assessment using traffic conflict techniques.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A systematic mapping review of surrogate safety assessment using traffic conflict techniques

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.951586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation c1b0ccfd-6a30-4f4b-989d-5260c4c918f4 · outbound

This paper cites A physics-informed road user safety field theory for traffic safety assessments applying artificial intelligence-based video analytics.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A physics-informed road user safety field theory for traffic safety assessments applying artificial intelligence-based video analytics

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.936255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9703d6b8-b767-4053-8847-e3cbbc504803 · outbound

This paper cites Personalized subjective driving risk: Analysis and prediction.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Personalized subjective driving risk: Analysis and prediction

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.920797Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d603a745-c249-434d-b624-712ddfda3f48 · outbound

This paper cites Modeling a car-following model with comprehensive safety field in freeway tunnels.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Modeling a car-following model with comprehensive safety field in freeway tunnels

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.904976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 52cd9722-8fd6-47eb-9697-d1b02e79e38e · outbound

This paper cites Force-based models of pedestrian dynamics.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Force-based models of pedestrian dynamics

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.890364Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 08d29364-2cbd-4c47-a790-c7dbbc375376 · outbound

This paper cites post encroachment time.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment post encroachment time

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.876188Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation fc1be6f4-5203-4e48-8658-4ac02a106f5a · outbound

This paper cites Research on vehicle trajectory deviation characteristics on freeways using natural driving trajectory data.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Research on vehicle trajectory deviation characteristics on freeways using natural driving trajectory data

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.862143Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b293ee18-aa64-460e-a480-f18f334e32d0 · outbound

This paper cites Characteristics of lateral vehicle interaction.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Characteristics of lateral vehicle interaction

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.847430Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ccb1bd4b-ecf7-47fa-b45c-bbfa6c391e5a · outbound

This paper cites An introduction to the bootstrap.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment An introduction to the bootstrap

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.120911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bdc890c7-98e4-4aa4-9c02-298e8041b4a3 · outbound

This paper cites Safe driving using mobile phones.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Safe driving using mobile phones

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.822287Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b4b2ea2c-9e84-4842-bd46-b69014386cc8 · outbound

This paper cites Comparison of threshold determination methods for the deceleration rate to avoid a crash (drac)-based crash estimation.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Comparison of threshold determination methods for the deceleration rate to avoid a crash (drac)-based crash estimation

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.806700Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b8a606ef-c6d0-4a1c-b40d-12fc7cc2ac34 · outbound

This paper cites Ship path planning based on safety potential field in inland rivers.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Ship path planning based on safety potential field in inland rivers

Reference 12

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.791330Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 530e09ef-8d72-4221-804e-da7e90bc8df9 · outbound

This paper cites Social force model for pedestrian dynamics.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Social force model for pedestrian dynamics

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.141650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bd5d2dda-f5f4-41c1-918a-62bf747a4b27 · outbound

This paper cites New algorithms for computing the time-to-collision in freeway traffic simulation models.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment New algorithms for computing the time-to-collision in freeway traffic simulation models

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.766704Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 500b60c0-d7f0-41c9-8d0b-b3cacc8a1318 · outbound

This paper cites Inferring vehicle spacing in urban traffic from trajectory data.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Inferring vehicle spacing in urban traffic from trajectory data

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.752347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d7e22d53-7eec-46e7-acd2-f9e06743951a · outbound

This paper cites Real-time obstacle avoidance for manipulators and mobile robots.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Real-time obstacle avoidance for manipulators and mobile robots

Reference 16

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.737568Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9b4f903b-63ab-4682-a6a3-dede06f2ec4a · outbound

This paper cites The highd dataset: A drone dataset of naturalistic vehicle trajectories on german highways for validation of highly automated driving systems.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment The highd dataset: A drone dataset of naturalistic vehicle trajectories on german highways for validation of highly automated driving systems

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.722006Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6f2f86ba-046e-4771-8190-a3b4c165e18e · outbound

This paper cites A review analysis of optimal velocity models.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A review analysis of optimal velocity models

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.707460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 609b8347-0443-4f27-b035-ab82b771185b · outbound

This paper cites Dynamic driving risk potential field model under the connected and automated vehicles environment and its application in car-following modeling.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Dynamic driving risk potential field model under the connected and automated vehicles environment and its application in car-following modeling

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.693286Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 9ada68ab-4559-4dd3-9d17-c1c09a40064a · outbound

This paper cites Risk perception and the warning strategy based on safety potential field theory.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Risk perception and the warning strategy based on safety potential field theory

Reference 20

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.678900Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f1e0a9f4-771f-4043-8ea0-a0578d74d1e0 · outbound

This paper cites Time-to-line crossing and vehicle dynamics for lane departure avoidance.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Time-to-line crossing and vehicle dynamics for lane departure avoidance

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.664421Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 016ee41d-4ae8-4e50-a7df-40b2fb7571bc · outbound

This paper cites Extended time-to-collision measures for road traffic safety assessment.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Extended time-to-collision measures for road traffic safety assessment

Reference 22

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.650431Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 38331ef6-c2da-472e-885b-15f6428677c5 · outbound

This paper cites Probabilistic field approach for motorway driving risk assessment.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Probabilistic field approach for motorway driving risk assessment

Reference 23

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.635255Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation d7551582-6bd3-450b-9290-0dd9c74aa22d · outbound

This paper cites A complex generalized gaussian distribution—characterization, generation, and estimation.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A complex generalized gaussian distribution—characterization, generation, and estimation

Reference 24

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.620544Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 818fa045-0ab1-4431-b948-e4b1c18b4cb6 · outbound

This paper cites Derivation and validation of new simulation-based surrogate safety measure.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Derivation and validation of new simulation-based surrogate safety measure

Reference 25

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.604182Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 26fed04c-1d5f-4693-b21f-175b0f25a77b · outbound

This paper cites Risk assessment by a passenger of an autonomous vehicle among pedestrians: relationship between subjective and physiological measures.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Risk assessment by a passenger of an autonomous vehicle among pedestrians: relationship between subjective and physiological measures

Reference 26

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.588788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 2d8ae920-5f1e-41a5-8bd3-9334fbe64eda · outbound

This paper cites The 100 car naturalistic driving study.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment The 100 car naturalistic driving study

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.573760Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a78656c7-7715-4457-835d-306b17be720d · outbound

This paper cites Investigating rear-end collision avoidance behavior under varied foggy weather conditions: A study using advanced driving simulator and survival analysis.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Investigating rear-end collision avoidance behavior under varied foggy weather conditions: A study using advanced driving simulator and survival analysis

Reference 28

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.559328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f150efec-3f6c-47e0-99bc-298c316ebcb9 · outbound

This paper cites Harmonic potential field method for autonomous ship navigation.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Harmonic potential field method for autonomous ship navigation

Reference 29

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.542374Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation ae2c2484-68e4-4a3f-a5e1-1af6153d6aa1 · outbound

This paper cites Subjective driving risk prediction based on spatiotemporal distribution features of human driver’s cognitive risk.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Subjective driving risk prediction based on spatiotemporal distribution features of human driver’s cognitive risk

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.525461Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 667d6e1b-fbdc-4109-825d-f781ad539346 · outbound

This paper cites A dynamic bayesian network model for real-time risk propagation of secondary rear-end collision accident using driving risk field.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A dynamic bayesian network model for real-time risk propagation of secondary rear-end collision accident using driving risk field

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.508687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 71b18c53-7b75-41c6-849b-53dfd7e796d8 · outbound

This paper cites Vehicle manoeuvers as surrogate safety measures: Extracting data from the gps-enabled smartphones of regular drivers.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Vehicle manoeuvers as surrogate safety measures: Extracting data from the gps-enabled smartphones of regular drivers

Reference 32

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.491876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 4cede6fa-fe74-48ce-ad78-af2e08bba1dc · outbound

This paper cites Risk field model of driving and its application in modeling car-following behavior.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Risk field model of driving and its application in modeling car-following behavior

Reference 33

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.476879Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation cb110b8b-b77f-4118-82b3-a0b4962d354c · outbound

This paper cites RCP-RF: A Comprehensive Road-car-pedestrian Risk Management Framework based on Driving Risk Potential Field.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment RCP-RF: A Comprehensive Road-car-pedestrian Risk Management Framework based on Driving Risk Potential Field

Reference 34

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.320483Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 03ef8787-c532-48a7-8cc0-92bf6b6a9a89 · outbound

This paper cites Algorithms to convert basic safety messages into traffic measures.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Algorithms to convert basic safety messages into traffic measures

Reference 35

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.461953Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation f9851484-a43f-41a7-863b-3d6bd5d45303 · outbound

This paper cites Toward safer highway work zones: an empirical analysis of crash risks using improved safety potential field and machine learning techniques.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Toward safer highway work zones: an empirical analysis of crash risks using improved safety potential field and machine learning techniques

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.447026Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 27803bf5-8dd6-4e7c-bede-d283cd6b38d2 · outbound

This paper cites A modified floor field model combined with risk field for pedestrian simulation.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A modified floor field model combined with risk field for pedestrian simulation

Reference 37

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.430248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation edfbd80b-dc23-48f7-93df-fdd349f542fb · outbound

This paper cites A review of surrogate safety measures and their applications in connected and automated vehicles safety modeling.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A review of surrogate safety measures and their applications in connected and automated vehicles safety modeling

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.256562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1c8866d3-2235-4674-a244-cca8fc7893cc · outbound

This paper cites The driving safety field based on driver--vehicle--road interactions.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment The driving safety field based on driver--vehicle--road interactions

Reference 39

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.400347Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation b5a1f0e2-156c-4304-88d7-857468e06ddc · outbound

This paper cites Driving safety field theory modeling and its application in pre-collision warning system.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Driving safety field theory modeling and its application in pre-collision warning system

Reference 40

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.384696Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 8abdb7c4-59cc-44bd-b814-98bcdda8a5d6 · outbound

This paper cites Modified driving safety field based on trajectory prediction model for pedestrian--vehicle collision.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Modified driving safety field based on trajectory prediction model for pedestrian--vehicle collision

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.370179Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation a2e754a2-1bd7-43bf-8917-df81c9cbb7fc · outbound

This paper cites Pedestrian emergency evacuation model based on risk field under attack event.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment Pedestrian emergency evacuation model based on risk field under attack event

Reference 42

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.351788Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Observation 6798693e-8572-4f1f-a1f5-a8b9814b812e · outbound

This paper cites A real-time collision risk assessment method at tunnel entrance based on safety field theory.

Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment A real-time collision risk assessment method at tunnel entrance based on safety field theory

Reference 43

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-16T05:19:27.335915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.

Pith citing papers

Observation adce51dc-923c-4711-9241-a684ff418c6c · inbound

From Cues to Horizons: Dynamic Risk Horizon Profiling for Trajectory Prediction cites this paper.

From Cues to Horizons: Dynamic Risk Horizon Profiling for Trajectory Prediction Composite Safety Potential Field for Highway Driving Risk Assessment

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-28T20:42:37.830783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-23T06:30:58.430688+00:00.