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Induced gravitational waves: the effect of first order tensor perturbations

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arxiv 2311.14513 v3 pith:VOR6CJ2N submitted 2023-11-24 astro-ph.CO gr-qc

classification astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords perturbationsgravitationalsourcetensortermsmodelsorderscalar
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Scalar induced gravitational waves contribute to the cosmological gravitational wave background. They can be related to the primordial density power spectrum produced towards the end of inflation and therefore are a convenient new tool to constrain models of inflation. These waves are sourced by terms quadratic in perturbations and hence appear at second order in cosmological perturbation theory. While the focus of research so far was on purely scalar source terms we also study the effect of including first order tensor perturbations as an additional source. This gives rise to two additional source terms: a term quadratic in the tensor perturbations and a cross term involving mixed scalar and tensor perturbations. We present full analytical expressions for the spectral density of these new source terms and discuss their general behaviour. To illustrate the generation mechanism we study two toy models containing a peak on small scales. For these models we show that the scalar-tensor contribution becomes non-negligible compared to the scalar-scalar contribution on smaller scales. We also consider implications for future gravitational wave surveys.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Gravitational-wave lensing beyond rays: a disordered-system approach

    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    A quenched-disorder approach with Schwinger-Keldysh path integrals produces an averaged density matrix for gravitational waves that separates phase-suppressing exponential terms from oscillatory corrections to coheren...

  2. Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    At second order, the gravitational-wave strain measured by geodesic observers exchanging light pulses is the transverse-traceless metric perturbation in the Newton gauge (h_N^(2)).

  3. Suppression of the induced gravitational wave background due to third-order perturbations

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Third-order scalar-tensor correlations suppress the induced gravitational wave background, and some of these new contributions diverge in the ultraviolet.

  4. Quantum production of gravitational waves after inflation

    gr-qc 2025-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Scalar metric perturbations after inflation break conformal invariance and induce quantum production of gravitons, generating a GW spectrum that peaks near GHz frequencies for standard primordial scalar power spectra.

  5. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from first-order phase transitions and domain wall annihilation induce curvature fluctuations at second order that form primordial black holes, allowing asteroid-mass PBHs to comprise all dark mat...

  6. Primordial Black Hole from Tensor-induced Density Fluctuation: First-order Phase Transitions and Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    Tensor perturbations from FOPT and domain-wall sources are claimed to induce second-order scalar perturbations large enough to form primordial black holes, potentially all of the dark matter.

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    astro-ph.CO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.

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