On the first passage time for Brownian motion subordinated by a Levy process

This paper considers the class of L\'evy processes that can be written as a Brownian motion time changed by an independent L\'evy subordinator. Examples in this class include the variance gamma model, the normal inverse Gaussian model, and other processes popular in financial modeling. The question addressed is the precise relation between the standard first passage time and an alternative notion, which we call first passage of the second kind, as suggested by Hurd (2007) and others. We are able to prove that standard first passage time is the almost sure limit of iterations of first passage of the second kind. Many different problems arising in financial mathematics are posed as first passage problems, and motivated by this fact, we are lead to consider the implications of the approximation scheme for fast numerical methods for computing first passage. We find that the generic form of the iteration can be competitive with other numerical techniques. In the particular case of the VG model, the scheme can be further refined to give very fast algorithms.