Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 5 minor 1 cited by

Plasma wakefield: from accelerators to black holes

T0 review · 4 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-08-05 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read An engineered plasma density forces a flying mirror into a Davies-Fulling trajectory, emitting thermal analog Hawking radiation whose temperature is set by the density scale length; detecting it with its partner photon would probe the infor

desk verdict A dependable historical review with one genuinely new PIC result (magnetized positron wakefield) and an ambitious, under-supported analog-black-hole proposal; worth referee time, but the AnaBHEL dictionary needs much more support before the central claims are taken at face value. read the letter →

arxiv 2509.03880 v1 pith:VSJITLSS submitted 2025-09-04 physics.plasm-ph gr-qchep-ex

Pisin Chen , Yung-Kun Liu This is my paper
classification physics.plasm-phgr-qchep-ex PACS 52.38.Kd52.40.Mj04.70.Dy
keywords plasmawakefieldaccelerationflyingmirrormovingmodelDavies-FullingtrajectoryanalogHawkingradiationinformationlossparadoxpositron
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This review argues that the physics developed for plasma wakefield accelerators can be turned back on fundamental questions: the same collective plasma response that accelerates particles can form a relativistic "flying mirror" whose acceleration is controlled by the background plasma density. The paper's central new claim is a dictionary: if the plasma density is shaped as ne(x) = ne0(1 + b e^{-x/D})^2, the mirror follows the Davies-Fulling trajectory xM(t) ≈ ct − A e^{-ct/D} + B, and the light it reflects and emits has a thermal spectrum with the analog Hawking temperature kBT_H = ħc/(4πD). If this dictionary holds, one can dial a Hawking temperature by choosing D, and detect the infrared Hawking photon together with its EUV partner, whose quantum correlations would bear on the information-loss paradox. The paper also proposes, as a secondary claim, that a ~29 T axial field can make a positron-driven wake both accelerate and focus positrons, addressing a known obstacle for plasma colliders.

What carries the argument

The flying plasma mirror (FPM): a thin, ultra-dense electron shell at the rear of a wakefield bubble that co-moves with the driver and acts as a relativistic reflecting boundary. The Davies-Fulling trajectory is a specific decelerating motion that produces a thermal particle spectrum; the paper's dictionary ties the FPM's trajectory to the density profile ne(x) = ne0(1 + b e^{-x/D})^2 and reads off the temperature from D. The identity kBT_H = ħc/(4πD) carries the argument, turning a target-fabrication scale into an observable temperature.

What would settle it

To settle the central claim, run the proposed interaction with a flat plasma density as a control and with the one-plus-exponential profile as the test case, and measure the reflected probe spectrum in the IR as a function of D. If the reflected spectrum's temperature does not scale as 1/D, or if the FPM trajectory deviates from xM(t) ≈ ct − A e^{-ct/D} + B over the interaction length, the dictionary fails. A second, competing check is to measure the FPM's reflectivity directly: if R is many orders below 10^{-5}, the predicted yield cannot be reached, regardless of trajectory.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The paper's core claim, presented as the theoretical heart of the proposed experiment, is the mapping from a plasma-engineering parameter to a quantum-gravity temperature. With the specific "one-plus-exponential" density profile, the flying plasma mirror's late-time trajectory coincides with the Davies-Fulling form, which is known from moving-mirror quantum field theory to produce a Planckian spectrum; the associated surface gravity κ = c/(2D) gives kBT_H = ħc/(4πD). The paper asserts that the plasma density gradient dominates all other influences on the mirror's motion, so the trajectory can be set deterministically. It follows that a gas target with a sub-micrometer density scale D ≈ 0.5 µ

Load-bearing premise

The argument assumes a real flying plasma mirror moves exactly as a perfect mirror whose trajectory is set by the plasma density gradient; if laser depletion, radiation reaction, transverse expansion, or the mirror's transparency dominate instead, the engineered density profile will not produce the Davies-Fulling trajectory and the Hawking temperature formula has no experimental content.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • A plasma target with an exponential density ramp of length D produces thermal analog Hawking radiation at kBT_H = ħc/(4πD); for D ≈ 0.5 µm the peak is near 10 µm, within reach of single-photon IR detectors.
  • Coincidence detection of the downshifted Hawking photon and its EUV partner would measure the quantum correlations that encode information, giving an experimental window onto the unitarity question in an analog system.
  • Realistic plasma mirrors are semi-transparent and finite, so the spectrum deviates from Planckian and reflectivity drops to R ~ 10^{-3} to 10^{-5}; the projected yield is about 0.3 Hawking photons per shot, meaning detection requires long campaigns and stringent background rejection.
  • An external axial field of about 29 T in a positron-driven wake confines electrons to an on-axis column and opens a phase region that is both accelerating and focusing for positrons, a step toward solving the positron conundrum.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The dictionary can be tested without waiting for Hawking-photon yields: measuring the FPM trajectory as a function of D and checking the exponential form xM(t) ≈ ct − A e^{-ct/D} + B would validate or falsify the mapping independently of photon counting.
  • The density-shaping knob could be used to program other mirror trajectories—e.g., ones that reproduce a Page curve in the entanglement entropy—making the experiment a tunable analog of different evaporation scenarios.
  • A positive correlation measurement would demonstrate unitarity in the electromagnetic analog system; extrapolating that result to gravitational black holes requires the additional assumption that the moving-mirror model captures the relevant features of collapse.
  • The magnetized positron column suggests a complement to hollow-channel and self-loading approaches, and could be checked in existing positron-capable plasma facilities using the published parameters (Ω = 0.9, Bz ≈ 29 T).
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 5 minor

Summary. This is a commissioned-style review commemorating the 2024 S. Chandrasekhar Prize, tracing plasma wakefield acceleration from its prehistory (Harvie, Raudorf, Alfvén, Veksler, Fainberg) through the 1979 Tajima–Dawson laser wakefield proposal and the 1985 beam-driven PWFA formulation by Chen et al., to present-day experimental programs at SLAC, CERN, DESY, INFN, and beyond. The first half covers the standard theoretical toolbox: wakefield excitation, linear and nonlinear regimes, transformer ratio, beam loading, plasma self-focusing, and the positron challenge. The second half broadens into laboratory astrophysics (UHECR acceleration, Unruh effect) and culminates in AnaBHEL, a proposed experiment that would use a laser-driven relativistic flying plasma mirror to realize the moving-mirror analog of Hawking radiation. The load-bearing new claims are (i) the AnaBHEL 'dictionary' of Eqs. (13)–(15), connecting a one-plus-exponential plasma density profile to the Davies–Fulling trajectory and an analog Hawking temperature k_B T_H = ℏc/(4πD), and (ii) a magnetized positron-wake scheme (Section 3.4) said to create a simultaneously accelerating and focusing phase for positrons under an axial field of about 29 T.

Significance. If the AnaBHEL dictionary is correct, the experiment would be a qualitatively new analog-gravity platform: unlike phonon or polariton analogs, it would convert vacuum fluctuations into real photons from an accelerating relativistic boundary, and the proposed coincidence measurement of IR Hawking photons with EUV partners could bear directly on unitarity and the information-loss paradox. This would elevate plasma wakefield physics from accelerator science to quantum-gravity-relevant experimental physics. The review also has genuine archival value: the historical and experimental sections are well grounded in an external literature built by many groups, and the paper is explicit about several of its own limitations, including the low reflectivity and yield estimates in Section 5.5. The central theoretical dictionary is presented as a falsifiable prediction, which is a strength. However, the manuscript itself flags that realistic effects distort the Planckian spectrum, lower the reflectivity to R ∼ 10⁻³–10⁻⁵, and reduce the yield to about 0.3 Hawking photons per shot; these concessions materially narrow the gap between the idealized moving-mirror model and an actual detectable signal.

major comments (4)
  1. [§5.5, reflectivity and yield estimates] The 'theoretical heart of AnaBHEL' is the assertion that the density profile ne(x)=ne0(1+b e^{-x/D})^2 forces the flying plasma mirror onto the Davies–Fulling trajectory (14), yielding the temperature (15). This is load-bearing and is not supported in the manuscript: the text states that 'theoretical analysis shows' the density gradient dominates, citing only the authors' prior work [151], with no derivation, no parameter scan, and no quantitative comparison against laser depletion, finite mirror thickness, transverse expansion, or semi-transparency. The manuscript itself lists these competing effects in Section 5.5. As written, Eq. (15) has no experimentally testable content unless the trajectory-control assumption is justified or explicitly bounded. The authors should either include the derivation of the dictionary, specify its regime of validity, or reframe Eqs. (13)–(15) as a conject
  2. [§5.5, Figs. 13–14]
  3. [§5.4, Fig. 13]
  4. [§3.4, Figs. 7–8]
minor comments (5)
  1. [§5.2 vs §5.5] There is a tension between the claim that flying plasma mirrors can have 'high reflectivity' and 'potentially exceed the critical density' (Section 5.2) and the later estimate R ∼ 10⁻³–10⁻⁵ (Section 5.5). The earlier statement should be moderated or the distinction between ideal and realistic mirrors made explicit at first mention.
  2. [Throughout] The acronym is typeset inconsistently as 'PWF A' and 'PWF A'; unify to 'PWFA' or 'PWFA'. Similar spacing issues affect 'L WF A' and 'F ACET-II'.
  3. [Eq. (11)] The display 'R∞ ω→∞ −−−→ √(1+(2πN)^2)' is notationally unclear. It should be written as a proper limit, e.g., R → √(1+(2πN)²) as the number of modes ω/α → ∞, with definitions of N and α.
  4. [Fig. 14 and text] Figure 14's red and blue curves are described only in the caption. Please add one or two sentences in Section 5.5 explaining what the curves show quantitatively, especially the shift toward lower frequencies.
  5. [§5.3, support for Eq. (13)] The sole support for the density-profile/trajectory mapping is the self-cited Ref. [151]. Since this is the central new physics, either reproduce the key steps in the review or state clearly that the derivation is published elsewhere and is not repeated here.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 4.0 of 10

AnaBHEL's density-to-temperature dictionary rests on a load-bearing self-citation for the mirror-trajectory assumption; the rest of the review is benchmarked against an independent experimental literature.

  1. self citation load bearing [Section 5.3, 'From Plasma Density to a Thermal Spectrum: The Theoretical Link' (Eqs. 13-15)]
    "While several factors can influence the mirror's motion (e.g., laser energy depletion), theoretical analysis shows that for typical parameters, the plasma density gradient is the dominant control mechanism [151]."

    This sentence is the only support for the crucial premise that the fabricated density profile (13) forces the FPM onto the Davies-Fulling trajectory (14), which is then used to read off the Hawking temperature (15). The cited analysis, Chen & Mourou, Phys. Plasmas 27 (2020), is the present first author's own prior work; the review supplies no derivation, simulation benchmark, or independent verification. If competing effects (laser depletion, finite transparency, transverse expansion) dominate, Eq. (14) is not realized and Eq. (15) has no experimental content. Thus the review's central 'dictionary' is not derived here but is imported by self-citation; the claimed prediction is conditional on accepting the authors' earlier unverified trajectory result as an axiom.

full rationale

Most of this paper is a review of plasma wakefield acceleration whose core is benchmarked against an extensive external experimental literature (SLAC FACET, DESY FLASHForward, CERN AWAKE, ANL, etc.). The theoretical foundations—transformer ratio, beam loading, plasma focusing, the nonlinear bubble—are presented as historical derivations with established external validation, and the magnetized positron scheme of Section 3.4 is an original PIC simulation rather than a fitted input. No circularity is found there. The AnaBHEL section concentrates the burden. The ideal spectrum from the Davies-Fulling trajectory is anchored in the external QFT of Davies & Fulling [142], and the design of the one-plus-exponential density profile is openly an inverse-engineered dictionary: it is chosen to realize a known thermal-emitting trajectory. That part is not circular by itself. However, the physically load-bearing step—that a real flying plasma mirror actually follows the prescribed trajectory because the density gradient dominates—is supported only by a self-citation to Chen & Mourou [151]. Without that imported result, Eqs. (14)-(15) do not follow, making this a load-bearing self-citation rather than an independent derivation. The paper's own Section 5.5 further concedes the limitations: 'the theoretical model of a "perfectly reflecting" mirror is an idealization', realistic reflectivity is estimated at R ~ 10^-3 to 10^-5 [161], and the expected yield is 'only ~0.3 analog Hawking photons per petawatt-class laser shot' [160]. These concessions honestly undermine the experimental content of the central claim, but they are not circularity. Because the central QFT anchor is external and the experimental design is concrete, the paper does not reduce entirely to its self-citations; nevertheless, the AnaBHEL prediction is materially dependent on an unverified self-cited premise. I therefore score 4: significant self-citation load-bearing, but the central claim retains independent content.

Assumptions & free parameters 2 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The paper is a review, so most axioms are 'paid for' by citations. The ledger above captures only what the review's own new claims (AnaBHEL dictionary, magnetized positron scheme, quantum luminosity) rest on. Two hand-chosen operating points (Omega = 0.9; D ~ 0.5 micron) are the numerical skeleton of the new physics; the density-gradient dominance and the ideal-mirror mapping are the unproven load-bearing premises. No new particles, forces, or dimensions are introduced: the flying plasma mirror (Bulanov, Kando) and the analog Hawking and partner photons (Unruh, Davies-Fulling, Hotta) are prior concepts, and the magnetically confined on-axis electron column is a proposed plasma configuration, not a new fundamental entity.

free parameters (2)
  • Magnetic field strength parameter Omega = wc/wp = 0.9 = 0.9 (stated as Bz ~ 29 T)
    Hand-chosen operating point for the new magnetized positron scheme (Sec. 3.4, Figs. 7-8). No scan over Omega, no feasibility analysis of sustaining 29 T longitudinally over a plasma cell, and the claim that such fields are 'potentially available from state-of-the-art superconducting magnets' is unsubstantiated.
  • AnaBHEL density profile parameters (ne0, b, and scale D) = D ~ 0.5 micron for peak wavelength ~ 10 micron
    Target values chosen in Secs. 5.3-5.4 to place the predicted analog Hawking spectrum in a detectable infrared band. The temperature prediction (Eq. 15) scales with D, so the experiment's feasibility hinges on this hand-chosen scale, and Sec. 5.5 calls the sub-micrometer target a primary hurdle.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption The flying plasma mirror trajectory is dominated by the plasma density gradient, not by laser depletion, radiation reaction, or transverse effects
    Sec. 5.3 states this citing only the authors' [151]; it is the hinge between the engineered density profile (Eq. 13) and the Davies-Fulling trajectory (Eq. 14). No derivation or independent check appears in this paper.
  • standard math The Davies-Fulling and Carlitz-Willey moving-mirror results: an accelerating boundary with the trajectory x ~ ct - A e^{-ct/D} emits a Planckian spectrum
    Standard QFT in accelerated frames, cited [142, 143]; used as the spectral template for AnaBHEL in Sec. 5.3 without re-derivation.
  • domain assumption Einstein's equivalence principle licenses treating the accelerating mirror as a gravitational-horizon analog
    Secs. 5.1-5.2 build the black-hole analogy on this; it is the standard but unproven bridge of analog gravity, and the paper's strongest conclusions (unitarity probe) lean on it.
  • domain assumption Absolute damping cools channeled particles to the transverse ground state with emittance epsilon_n = hbar/(2 m_e c), with no quantum excitation (Mossbauer-like lattice absorption)
    Sec. 6.2's quantum-luminosity gain factor (r_c^2 / lambda_C^2 ~ 10^6 to 10^8) rests on this self-cited result [172]; no experimental demonstration of ground-state cooling in crystals is cited.
  • domain assumption The 2D3V EPOCH simulations faithfully model the magnetized positron wake
    The new claim of Sec. 3.4 rests on these runs; no resolution or convergence data, no benchmark against prior magnetized-wake studies, and no error estimates are provided.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Plasma wakefield: from accelerators to black holes." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/VSJITLSS

@misc{pith2026250903880,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Plasma wakefield: from accelerators to black holes},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/VSJITLSS}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2509.03880}
}
read the original abstract

Commemorating the 2024 S. Chandrasekhar Prize, this review provides a retrospective on the genesis and evolution of plasma wakefield acceleration. It traces the journey from prehistory and the invention of the Plasma Wakefield Accelerator (PWFA), the establishment of its theoretical cornerstones, to its profound reverberations across fundamental physics, including astrophysics and analog gravity. The narrative emphasizes conceptual evolution, key theoretical breakthroughs, and future outlook, culminating in a vision for hybrid schemes and next-generation colliders. In addition to application to particle accelerators and high energy collider physics, it is found that plasma wakefield, with its ultra-intense acceleration, can also be applied to investigate gravity effects in the laboratory based on Einstein's equivalence principle. A specific example is accelerating flying relativistic plasma mirrors to investigate the celebrated black hole Hawking evaporation and the associated information loss paradox. We describe an ongoing experiment, AnaBHEL (Analog Black Hole Evaporation via Lasers), which aims at shedding some lights on the black hole information loss paradox.

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Planckian Gravitons from an Imaginary-Time Clock

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Derives Planckian graviton spectrum ω³/(e^{2π c ω/κ}-1) from imaginary-time periodicity of a quadrupole source, yielding finite energy and number.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

207 extracted references · 55 canonical work pages · cited by 1 Pith paper

  1. [151]

    Physics of Plasmas 27(12) (2020)

    Chen, P., Mourou, G.: Trajectory of a flying plasma mirror traversing a target with density gradient. Physics of Plasmas 27(12) (2020)

    2020

  2. [1]

    Physical Review Special 52 Topics—Accelerators and Beams 12(10), 102001 (2009)

    Grudiev, A., Calatroni, S., Wuensch, W.: New local field quantity describ- ing the high gradient limit of accelerating structures. Physical Review Special 52 Topics—Accelerators and Beams 12(10), 102001 (2009)

    2009

  3. [2]

    Internal Memo GM/87, AERE (1951)

    Harvie, R.-S.: Protons accelerated by electron bunches. Internal Memo GM/87, AERE (1951). Harwell (unpublished)

    1951

  4. [3]

    Wireless Engineer 28, 215–219 (1951)

    Raudorf, W.: The electronic ram. Wireless Engineer 28, 215–219 (1951)

    1951

  5. [4]

    Arkiv f¨ or Fysik5, 175– 190 (1952)

    Alfv´ en, H., Wernholm, P.: A collective-field accelerator. Arkiv f¨ or Fysik5, 175– 190 (1952)

    1952

  6. [5]

    physical principles and theory

    Budker, G.I.: Relativistic stabilized electron beam: I. physical principles and theory. In: Regenstreif, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics (Geneva, 11–23 June 1956), Vol. 1. CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, pp. 68–75. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (1956). https://doi.org/10.5170/CERN-1956-025.68

    work page doi:10.5170/cern-1956-025.68 1956

  7. [6]

    brief review of experimental work

    Budker, G.I., Naumov, A.A.: Relativistic stabilized electron beam: Ii. brief review of experimental work. In: Regenstreif, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics (Geneva, 11–23 June 1956), Vol. 1. CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedings, pp. 76–79. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (1956). https://doi.org/10.51...

    work page doi:10.5170/cern-1956-025.76 1956

  8. [7]

    Report PIFR-105, Physics International Co

    Graybill, S.E., Uglum, P.T.: Ion acceleration by virtual-cathode formation in intense e-beam gas diodes. Report PIFR-105, Physics International Co. (1968). Presented at the Symposium on Electron, Ion, and Laser Beam Technology, Gaithersburg, MD

    1968

Show all 207 references
  1. [8]

    In: Regenstreif, E

    Veksler, V.I.: Coherent principle of acceleration of charged particles. In: Regenstreif, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics (Geneva, 11–23 June 1956), Vol. 1. CERN Yel- low Reports: Conference Proceedings, pp. 80–83. CERN, G...

    1956 doi

  2. [9]

    In: Regenstreif, E

    Fainberg, I.B.: The use of plasma waveguides as accelerating structures in linear accelerators. In: Regenstreif, E. (ed.) Proceedings of the CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics (Geneva, 11–23 June 1956), Vol. 1. CERN Yellow Reports: Conference Proceedin...

    1956 doi

  3. [10]

    Physics of Fluids 13(7), 1831–1850 (1970)

    Hammer, D.A., Rostoker, N.: Propagation of high-current relativistic electron beams. Physics of Fluids 13(7), 1831–1850 (1970)

    1970

  4. [11]

    Physics of Fluids 14(6), 1213–1225 (1971)

    Lee, R., Sudan, R.N.: Return current induced by a relativistic beam propagating in a magnetized plasma. Physics of Fluids 14(6), 1213–1225 (1971)

    1971

  5. [12]

    Physical Review Letters 29(11), 701–705 (1972) 53

    Rosenbluth, M.N., Liu, C.S.: Excitation of plasma waves by two laser beams. Physical Review Letters 29(11), 701–705 (1972) 53

    1972

  6. [13]

    Physical Review Letters 43(4), 267–270 (1979)

    Tajima, T., Dawson, J.M.: Laser electron accelerator. Physical Review Letters 43(4), 267–270 (1979)

    1979

  7. [14]

    Reviews of Modern Physics 55(2), 403–447 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.403

    Dawson, J.M.: Particle simulation of plasmas. Reviews of Modern Physics 55(2), 403–447 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.55.403

    1983 doi

  8. [15]

    CRC Press, Boca Raton (1991)

    Birdsall, C.K., Langdon, A.B.: Plasma Physics Via Computer Simulation. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1991). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315275048

    1991 doi

  9. [16]

    Optics Communications 56(3), 219–221 (1985)

    Strickland, D., Mourou, G.: Compression of amplified chirped optical pulses. Optics Communications 56(3), 219–221 (1985)

    1985

  10. [17]

    Techreport Bull

    Chen, P., Huff, R.W., Dawson, J.M.: A plasma booster for high energy linac. Techreport Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 29, 1355 (1984), presented at 1984 APS-DPP Annual Meeting, Boston., University of California, Los Angeles, Plasma Physics Group (1984). Also available as UCLA report No....

    1984

  11. [18]

    Physical Review Letters 54(7), 693–696 (1985)

    Chen, P., Dawson, J.M., Huff, R.W., Katsouleas, T.: Acceleration of electrons by the interaction of a bunched electron beam with a plasma. Physical Review Letters 54(7), 693–696 (1985)

    1985

  12. [19]

    Ruth, R.D., Chao, A.W., Wilson, P.B., Morton, P.L.: A plasma wake field accelerator. Part. Accel. 17(SLAC-PUB-3374), 171 (1985)

    1985

  13. [20]

    In: Physics of High Energy Particle Accelerators

    Wilson, P.B.: High energy electron linacs: Applications to storage ring rf sys- tems and linear colliders. In: Physics of High Energy Particle Accelerators. AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 87, pp. 450–555 (1982)

    1982

  14. [21]

    https: //arxiv.org/abs/2504.05558

    Lindstrøm, C.A., Corde, S., D’Arcy, R., Gessner, S., Gilljohann, M., Hogan, M.J., Osterhoff, J.: Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration (2025). https: //arxiv.org/abs/2504.05558

    2025 arXiv

  15. [22]

    Physics of Plasmas 14(5) (2007)

    Joshi, C.: The development of laser-and beam-driven plasma accelerators as an experimental field. Physics of Plasmas 14(5) (2007)

    2007

  16. [23]

    Physical Review A 33(3), 2056–2064 (1986)

    Katsouleas, T.: Physical mechanisms in the plasma wake-field accelerator. Physical Review A 33(3), 2056–2064 (1986)

  17. [24]

    In: AIP Conference Proceedings

    Katsouleas, T.: Physical mechanisms in the plasma wake-field accelerator. In: AIP Conference Proceedings. Advanced Accelerator Concepts, vol. 156, pp. 83– 98 (1987)

    1987

  18. [25]

    In: Brennan, E.C

    Ruth, R.D., Chen, P.: Plasma accelerators. In: Brennan, E.C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 13th SLAC Summer Institute on Particle Physics, pp. 621–646. SLAC, Stanford, CA (1986)

    1986

  19. [26]

    Physical 54 Review A 44(10), 6189–6192 (1991)

    Rosenzweig, J.B., Breizman, B., Katsouleas, T., Su, J.J.: Acceleration and focusing of electrons in two-dimensional nonlinear plasma wake fields. Physical 54 Review A 44(10), 6189–6192 (1991)

    1991

  20. [27]

    Physical Review Letters 96(16), 165002 (2006)

    Lu, W., Huang, C., Zhou, M., Mori, W.B., Katsouleas, T.: Nonlinear theory for relativistic plasma wakefields in the blowout regime. Physical Review Letters 96(16), 165002 (2006)

    2006

  21. [28]

    Soviet Physics JETP 3, 696–705 (1956)

    Akhiezer, A.I., Polovin, R.V.: Theory of wave motion of an electron plasma. Soviet Physics JETP 3, 696–705 (1956)

    1956

  22. [29]

    Physical Review 113(2), 383–387 (1959)

    Dawson, J.M.: Nonlinear electron oscillations in a cold plasma. Physical Review 113(2), 383–387 (1959)

    1959

  23. [30]

    The Physics of Fluids 14(7), 1402–1406 (1971)

    Coffey, T.P.: Breaking of large amplitude plasma oscillations. The Physics of Fluids 14(7), 1402–1406 (1971)

    1971

  24. [31]

    Nature 515(7525), 92–95 (2014)

    Litos, M., Adli, E., An, W., Clarke, C.I., Clayton, C.E., Corde, S., Delahaye, J.P., England, R.J., Fisher, A.S., Frederico, J., Gessner, S., Green, S.Z., Hogan, M.J., Joshi, C., Lu, W., Marsh, K.A., Mori, W.B., Muggli, P., Vafaei-Najafabadi, N., Walz, D., White, G., Wu, Z., Y...

    2014

  25. [33]

    Chen, P., Spitkovsky, A., Katsouleas, T., Mori, W.B.: Transformer ratio and pulse shaping in laser wakefield accelerator. Nuclear Instruments and Meth- ods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 410(3), 488–492 (1998) htt...

    1998

  26. [34]

    In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol

    Chen, P., Spitkovsky, A.: Optimal laser pulse shaping in laser wakefield accel- erators. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 472, pp. 321–332 (1999). https: //doi.org/10.1063/1.58852

    1999 doi

  27. [35]

    In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol

    Spitkovsky, A., Chen, P.: Laser shaping and optimization of the laser–plasma interaction. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 569, pp. 183–194 (2001). https: //doi.org/10.1063/1.1384349

    2001 doi

  28. [36]

    Physics Letters A 296(2–3), 125–130 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0375-9601(02)00248-7

    Spitkovsky, A., Chen, P.: Longitudinal laser shaping in laser wakefield accel- erators. Physics Letters A 296(2–3), 125–130 (2002) https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0375-9601(02)00248-7

    2002

  29. [37]

    In: Proceedings of the ECF A-RAL Topical Meeting on The Challenge of Ultra-High Energies, Oxford, UK, pp

    Voss, G.-A., Weiland, T.: The wake field acceleration mechanism. In: Proceedings of the ECF A-RAL Topical Meeting on The Challenge of Ultra-High Energies, Oxford, UK, pp. 287–308 (1982). Also available as DESY report 82-079. 55

    1982

  30. [38]

    : Observation of high transformer ratio plasma wakefield acceleration

    Loisch, G., Asova, G., Boonpornprasert, P., Brinkmann, R., Chen, Y., Engel, J., Good, J., Gross, M., Gr¨ uner, F., Huck, H., et al. : Observation of high transformer ratio plasma wakefield acceleration. Physical review letters 121(6), 064801 (2018)

    2018

  31. [39]

    Physical Review Letters 120, 114801 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.114801

    Gao, Q., Ha, G., Jing, C., Antipov, S.P., Power, J.G., Conde, M., Gai, W., Chen, H., Shi, J., Wisniewski, E.E., Doran, D.S., Liu, W., Whiteford, C.E., Zholents, A., Piot, P., Baturin, S.S.: Observation of high transformer ratio of shaped bunch generated by an emittance-exchang...

    2018 doi

  32. [40]

    : Single shot character- ization of high transformer ratio wakefields in nonlinear plasma acceleration

    Roussel, R., Andonian, G., Lynn, W., Sanwalka, K., Robles, R., Hansel, C., Deng, A., Lawler, G., Rosenzweig, J.B., Ha, G., et al. : Single shot character- ization of high transformer ratio wakefields in nonlinear plasma acceleration. Physical Review Letters 124(4), 044802 (2020)

    2020

  33. [41]

    Physics of Plasmas 12(5), 053105 (2005)

    Lotov, K.V.: Efficient operating mode of the plasma wakefield accelerator. Physics of Plasmas 12(5), 053105 (2005)

    2005

  34. [42]

    Physical Review Letters 56(12), 1252–1255 (1986)

    Chen, P., Su, J.J., Dawson, J.M., Bane, K.L.F., Wilson, P.B.: Energy transfer in the plasma wake-field accelerator. Physical Review Letters 56(12), 1252–1255 (1986)

    1986

  35. [43]

    Katsouleas, T., Wilks, S., Chen, P., Dawson, J.M., Su, J.J.: Beam loading efficiency in plasma accelerators. Part. Accel 22, 81–99 (1987)

    1987

  36. [44]

    Physical Review Letters 101(14), 145002 (2008)

    Tzoufras, M., Lu, W., Tsung, F.S., Huang, C., Mori, W.B., Katsouleas, T., Vieira, J., Fonseca, R.A., Silva, L.O.: Beam loading in the nonlinear regime of plasma-based acceleration. Physical Review Letters 101(14), 145002 (2008)

    2008

  37. [45]

    Physical review letters 126(1), 014801 (2021)

    Lindstrøm, C.A., Garland, J., Schr¨ oder, S., Boulton, L., Boyle, G., Chappell, J., D’Arcy, R., Gonzalez, P., Knetsch, A., Libov, V., et al.: Energy-spread preserva- tion and high efficiency in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. Physical review letters 126(1), 014801 (2021)

    2021

  38. [46]

    Review of Scientific Instruments 27(11), 967–971 (1956)

    Panofsky, W.K.H., Wenzel, W.A.: Some considerations concerning the trans- verse deflection of charged particles in radio-frequency fields. Review of Scientific Instruments 27(11), 967–971 (1956)

    1956

  39. [47]

    Particle Accelerators 20, 171–182 (1987)

    Chen, P.: A possible final focus system for linear colliders. Particle Accelerators 20, 171–182 (1987)

    1987

  40. [48]

    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 15(2), 218–225 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.1987.4316688

    Chen, P., Su, J.J., Katsouleas, T., Wilks, S., Dawson, J.M.: Plasma focusing for high-energy beams. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 15(2), 218–225 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.1987.4316688

    1987

  41. [49]

    Physical Review A 41(6), 3321–3331 (1990)

    Su, J.J., Katsouleas, T., Dawson, J.M., Fedele, R.: Plasma lenses for focusing 56 particle beams. Physical Review A 41(6), 3321–3331 (1990)

    1990

  42. [50]

    Technical Report SLAC-Proposal E- 150bis, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1997)

    Chen, P., et al.: Slac proposal e-150bis. Technical Report SLAC-Proposal E- 150bis, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1997)

    1997

  43. [51]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 410(3), 407–417 (1998)

    Chen, P., Cline, D., Craddock, W., Decker, F.J., Iverson, R., Katsouleas, T., Kwok, P., Leemans, W., Masuda, S., Meyerhofer, D.D.,et al.: Plasma lens exper- iment at the final focus test beam. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectro...

    1998

  44. [52]

    : Observation of plasma focusing of a 28.5 gev positron beam

    Ng, J.S.T., Chen, P., Baldis, H., Bolton, P., Cline, D., Craddock, W., Crawford, C., Decker, F.J., Field, C., Fukui, Y., et al. : Observation of plasma focusing of a 28.5 gev positron beam. Physical Review Letters 87(24), 244801 (2001)

    2001

  45. [53]

    Whittum, D.H.: Electron-hose instability in the ion-focused regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 991–994 (1991) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.991

    1991 doi

  46. [54]

    : Status of plasma electron hose instabil- ity studies in facet

    Adli, E., et al. : Status of plasma electron hose instabil- ity studies in facet. In: Proc. IPAC 2011, p. 028 (2011). https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/IPAC2011/papers/wepz028.pdf

    2011

  47. [55]

    Physical review letters 118(17), 174801 (2017)

    Mehrling, T.J., Fonseca, R.A., La Ossa, A., Vieira, J.: Mitigation of the hose instability in plasma-wakefield accelerators. Physical review letters 118(17), 174801 (2017)

    2017

  48. [56]

    Mehrling, T.J., Fonseca, R.A., Ossa, A., Vieira, J.: Mechanisms for the mit- igation of the hose instability in plasma-wakefield accelerators. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 22, 031302 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams. 22.031302

    2019 doi

  49. [57]

    Physical review letters 95(19), 195002 (2005)

    Rosenzweig, J.B., Cook, A.M., Scott, A., Thompson, M.C., Yoder, R.B.: Effects of ion motion in intense beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerators. Physical review letters 95(19), 195002 (2005)

    2005

  50. [58]

    An, W., Lu, W., Huang, C., Xu, X., et al.: Ion motion induced emittance growth of matched electron beams in plasma wakefields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 244801 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.244801

    2017 doi

  51. [59]

    : Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout

    Hidding, B., Pretzler, G., Rosenzweig, J.B., K¨ onigstein, T., et al. : Ultracold electron bunch generation via plasma photocathode emission and acceleration in a beam-driven plasma blowout. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 035001 (2012) https: //doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.035001

    2012 doi

  52. [60]

    In: Aip Conference Proceedings, vol

    Joshi, C.: The plasma beat wave accelerator-i experiments. In: Aip Conference Proceedings, vol. 91, pp. 28–42 (1982). American Institute of Physics 57

    1982

  53. [61]

    In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol

    Sullivan, D.J., Godfrey, B.B.: The plasma beatwave accelerator-ii simulations. In: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 91, pp. 43–68 (1982). American Institute of Physics

    1982

  54. [62]

    Physical Review Letters 54(21), 2343– 2346 (1985)

    Clayton, C.E., Joshi, C., Darrow, C., Umstadter, D.: Relativistic plasma-wave excitation by collinear optical mixing. Physical Review Letters 54(21), 2343– 2346 (1985)

    1985

  55. [63]

    IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32(5), 3539–3541 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1985.4334421

    Ebrahim, N.A., Lavigne, P., Aithal, S.: Experiments on the plasma beat-wave accelerator. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32(5), 3539–3541 (1985) https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.1985.4334421

    1985

  56. [64]

    IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 24(2), 252–288 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1109/27.509991

    Esarey, E., Sprangle, P., Krall, J., Ting, A.: Overview of plasma-based accel- erator concepts. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 24(2), 252–288 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1109/27.509991

    1996 doi

  57. [65]

    https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07207

    Cakir, A., Guzel, O.: A Brief Review of Plasma Wakefield Acceleration (2020). https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07207

    2020 arXiv

  58. [66]

    Physical Review Letters 61, 98–101 (1988)

    Rosenzweig, J.B., Cline, D.B., Cole, B., Figueroa, H., Gai, W., Konecny, R., Norem, J., Schoessow, P., Simpson, J.: Experimental observation of plasma wake- field acceleration. Physical Review Letters 61, 98–101 (1988)

    1988

  59. [67]

    Physical Review Letters 95(5), 054802 (2005)

    Hogan, M.J., Barnes, C.D., Clayton, C.E., Decker, F.J., Helm, R.H., Huang, C., Iverson, R.H., Johnson, D.K., Joshi, C., Katsouleas, T., Krejcik, P., Lu, W., Marsh, K.A., Mori, W.B., Muggli, P., O’Connell, C.L., Oz, E., Siemann, R.H., Walz, D.: Multi-gev energy gain in a plasma...

    2005

  60. [68]

    Nature 524(7566), 442–445 (2015)

    Corde, S., Adli, E., Allen, J.M., An, W., Clarke, C.I., Clayton, C.E., Dela- haye, J.P., Frederico, J., Gessner, S., Green, S.Z., Hogan, M.J., Joshi, C., Lipkowitz, N., Litos, M., Lu, W., Marsh, K.A., Mori, W.B., Schmeltz, M., Vafaei- Najafabadi, N., Walz, D., Yakimenko, V.: M...

    2015

  61. [69]

    Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 27(3), 034801 (2024)

    Cao, G.J., Lindstrøm, C.A., Adli, E., Corde, S., Gessner, S.: Positron accel- eration in plasma wakefields. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 27(3), 034801 (2024)

    2024

  62. [70]

    Nature Physics 5(5), 363–367 (2009)

    Caldwell, A., Lotov, K., Pukhov, A., Simon, F.: Proton-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration. Nature Physics 5(5), 363–367 (2009)

    2009

  63. [71]

    Physical Review Letters 104(25), 255003 (2010)

    Kumar, N., Pukhov, A., Lotov, K.: Self-modulation instability of a long proton bunch in plasmas. Physical Review Letters 104(25), 255003 (2010)

    2010

  64. [72]

    Nature 561(7723), 363–367 (2018)

    Adli, E., Ahuja, A., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bauche, J., Olsen, V.K.B., Bernardini, M., et al.: Acceleration of 58 electrons in the plasma wakefield of a proton bunch. Nature 561(7723), 363–367 (2018)

    2018

  65. [73]

    In: Proc

    Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Verra, L., Porta, G.Z.D.: The A W AKE Experiment in 2021: Performance and Preliminary Results on Electron- Seeding of Self-Modulation. In: Proc. IPAC’22. International Particle Accelerator Conference, pp. 21–24. JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzer- ...

    2021 doi

  66. [74]

    In: Proc

    Gschwendtner, E.: Results and plans for run 2 of the advanced pro- ton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment A W AKE. In: Proc. IPAC’24. IPAC’24 - 15th International Particle Accelerator Conference, pp. 545–548. JACoW Publishing, Geneva, Switzerland, ??? (2024). http...

    2024 doi

  67. [75]

    : Emittance preservation in a plasma-wakefield accelerator

    Lindstrøm, C.A., Beinortait˙ e, J., Bj¨ orklund Svensson, J., Boulton, L., Chap- pell, J., Diederichs, S., Foster, B., Garland, J., Gonzalez Caminal, P., Loisch, G., et al. : Emittance preservation in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. Nature Communications 15(1), 6097 (2024)

    2024

  68. [76]

    Journal of Instrumentation 17(05), 05016 (2022)

    Lindstrøm, C.A., Th´ evenet, M.: Emittance preservation in advanced accelera- tors. Journal of Instrumentation 17(05), 05016 (2022)

    2022

  69. [77]

    Instruments 8(1), 12 (2024)

    Bosco, F., Andonian, G., Camacho, O., Carillo, M., Chiadroni, E., Giribono, A., Lawler, G., Majernik, N., Manwani, P., Migliorati, M., et al.: Manipulation and wakefield effects on multi-pulse driver beams in pwfa injector stages. Instruments 8(1), 12 (2024)

    2024

  70. [78]

    Nature 605(7911), 659–662 (2022)

    Pompili, R., Alesini, D., Anania, M., Arjmand, S., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, F., Carpanese, M., et al.: Free-electron las- ing with compact beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator. Nature 605(7911), 659–662 (2022)

    2022

  71. [79]

    Nature 431(7008), 538–541 (2004)

    Geddes, C.G.R., Toth, C., Tilborg, J., Esarey, E., Schroeder, C.B., Bruhwiler, D., Nieter, C., Cary, J., Leemans, W.P.: High-quality electron beams from a laser wakefield accelerator using plasma-channel guiding. Nature 431(7008), 538–541 (2004)

    2004

  72. [80]

    Nature 431(7008), 535–538 (2004)

    Mangles, S.P.D., Murphy, C.D., Najmudin, Z., Thomas, A.G.R., Collier, J.L., Dangor, A.E., Divall, E.J., Foster, P.S., Gallacher, J.G., Hooker, C.J., Jaroszyn- ski, D.A., Langley, A.J., Mori, W.B., Norreys, P.A., Tsung, F.S., Viskup, R., Walton, B.R., Krushelnick, K.: Monoenerg...

    2004

  73. [81]

    Nature 431(7008), 541–544 (2004)

    Faure, J., Glinec, Y., Pukhov, A., Kiselev, S., Gordienko, S., Lefebvre, E., 59 Rousseau, J.-P., Burgy, F., Malka, V.: A laser-plasma accelerator producing monoenergetic electron beams. Nature 431(7008), 541–544 (2004)

    2004

  74. [82]

    Nature Physics 2(10), 696–699 (2006)

    Leemans, W.P., Nagler, B., Gonsalves, A.J., Toth, C., Nakamura, K., Geddes, C.G.R., Esarey, E., Schroeder, C.B., Hooker, S.M.: Gev electron beams from a centimetre-scale accelerator. Nature Physics 2(10), 696–699 (2006)

    2006

  75. [83]

    Physical Review Letters 122(8), 084801 (2019)

    Gonsalves, A.J., Nakamura, K., Daniels, J., Benedetti, C., Pieronek, C., Raadt, T.C.H., Steinke, S., Bin, J.H., Bulanov, S.S., Tilborg, J., Geddes, C.G.R., Schroeder, C.B., Toth, C., Esarey, E., Swanson, K., Fan-Chiang, L., Bagdasarov, G., Bobrova, N., Gasilov, V., Korn, G., S...

    2019

  76. [84]

    Matter and Radiation at Extremes 9(1), 014001 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0161687

    Aniculaesei, C., Ha, T., Yoffe, S., Labun, L., Milton, S., McCary, E., Spinks, M.M., Quevedo, H.J., Labun, O.Z., Sain, R., Hannasch, A., Zgadzaj, R., Pagano, I., Franco-Altamirano, J.A., Ringuette, M.L., Gaul, E., Luedtke, S.V., Tiwari, G., Ersfeld, B., Brunetti, E., Ruhl, H.,...

    2023

  77. [85]

    Physical Review Letters 133(25), 255001 (2024)

    Picksley, A., Stackhouse, J., Benedetti, C., Nakamura, K., Tsai, H.E., Li, R., Miao, B., Shrock, J.E., Rockafellow, E., Milchberg, H.M.,et al.: Matched guiding and controlled injection in dark-current-free, 10-gev-class, channel-guided laser- plasma accelerators. Physical Revi...

    2024

  78. [86]

    Physics of Plasmas 32(5), 053102 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0265640

    Rockafellow, E., Miao, B., Shrock, J.E., Sloss, A., Le, M.S., Hancock, S.W., Zahedpour, S., Hollinger, R.C., Wang, S., King, J., Zhang, P.,ˇSiˇ sma, J., Grittani, G.M., Versaci, R., Gordon, D.F., Williams, G.J., Reagan, B.A., Rocca, J.J., Milchberg, H.M.: Development of a high...

    2025 doi

  79. [87]

    Reviews of Modern Physics81(3), 1229–1285 (2009)

    Esarey, E., Schroeder, C.B., Leemans, W.P.: Physics of laser-driven plasma- based electron accelerators. Reviews of Modern Physics81(3), 1229–1285 (2009)

    2009

  80. [88]

    Nature Pho- tonics 7(10), 775–782 (2013)

    Hooker, S.M.: Developments in laser-driven plasma accelerators. Nature Pho- tonics 7(10), 775–782 (2013)

    2013

  81. [89]

    In: Rosen- zweig, J.B., Travish, G., Pogorelsky, I.V

    Leemans, W., Esarey, E.: Laser-driven plasma-based accelerators. In: Rosen- zweig, J.B., Travish, G., Pogorelsky, I.V. (eds.) The Physics and Applications of High Brightness Electron Beams, pp. 161–232. World Scientific, ??? (2019)

    2019

  82. [90]

    Physical Review Letters 60 115(18), 184802 (2015)

    Tilborg, J., Steinke, S., Geddes, C.G.R., Matlis, N.H., Shaw, B.H., Gonsalves, A.J., Schroeder, C.B., Esarey, E., Leemans, W.P.: Active plasma lensing for relativistic laser-plasma-accelerated electron beams. Physical Review Letters 60 115(18), 184802 (2015)

    2015

  83. [91]

    : Multistage coupling of laser-wakefield accelerators with curved plasma channels

    Luo, J., Chen, M., Wu, W.Y., Weng, S.M., Sheng, Z.M., Schroeder, C.B., Jaroszynski, D.A., Esarey, E., Leemans, W.P., Mori, W.B., et al. : Multistage coupling of laser-wakefield accelerators with curved plasma channels. Physical review letters 120(15), 154801 (2018)

    2018

  84. [92]

    : Experimental demonstration of laser guiding and wakefield acceleration in a curved plasma channel

    Zhu, X., Li, B., Liu, F., Li, J., Bi, Z., Ge, X., Deng, H., Zhang, Z., Cui, P., Lu, L., et al. : Experimental demonstration of laser guiding and wakefield acceleration in a curved plasma channel. Physical Review Letters 130(21), 215001 (2023)

    2023

  85. [93]

    Physical Review X 11(2), 021055 (2021)

    Salehi, F., Le, M., Railing, L., Kolesik, M., Milchberg, H.M.: Laser-accelerated, low-divergence 15-mev quasimonoenergetic electron bunches at 1 khz. Physical Review X 11(2), 021055 (2021)

    2021

  86. [94]

    Physical Review Letters 100(21), 215004 (2008)

    Geddes, C.G.R., Nakamura, K., Plateau, G.R., Toth, C., Cormier-Michel, E., Esarey, E., Schroeder, C.B., Cary, J.R., Leemans, W.P.: Plasma-density-gradient injection of low-absolute-momentum-spread electron bunches. Physical Review Letters 100(21), 215004 (2008)

    2008

  87. [95]

    Nature 444(7120), 737–739 (2006)

    Faure, J., Rechatin, C., Norlin, A., Lifschitz, A., Glinec, Y., Malka, V.: Con- trolled injection and acceleration of electrons in plasma wakefields by colliding laser pulses. Nature 444(7120), 737–739 (2006)

    2006

  88. [96]

    Nature 595(7868), 516–520 (2021)

    Wang, W.T., Feng, K., Ke, L.Q., an, J.F., Qi, R.Z., Chen, Y.Y., Qin, Z.C., Zhang, Z., Yu, M.L., Li, R.H., Liu, S.J., Zhang, Z.J., Liu, J.K., Yan, L.X., Wang, W.M., Sheng, Z.M., Liang, X.L., Zhu, J.P., Chen, L.M., Yu, C.H., Liu, J.R., Xu, T.G., Li, Z.Y., Gu, Y.Q., H., D.H., Wan...

    2021

  89. [97]

    Physical Review Letters 93(13), 135005 (2004)

    Rousse, A., Phuoc, K.T., Shah, R., Pukhov, A., Lefebvre, E., Malka, V., Kiselev, S., Burgy, F., Rousseau, J.-P., Umstadter, D., Hulin, D.: Production of a kev x-ray beam from synchrotron radiation in a laser-plasma accelerator. Physical Review Letters 93(13), 135005 (2004)

    2004

  90. [98]

    Nature Physics 6(12), 980– 983 (2010)

    Kneip, S., McGuffey, C., Martins, J.L., Martins, S.F., Bellei, C., Chvykov, V., Dollar, F., Fonseca, R., Huntington, C., Kalintchenko, G.,et al.: Bright spatially coherent synchrotron x-rays from a table-top source. Nature Physics 6(12), 980– 983 (2010)

    2010

  91. [99]

    Yan, Y.T., Dawson, J.M.: ac free-electron laser. Phys. Rev. Lett. 57(13), 1599– 1602 (1986) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1599

    1986 doi

  92. [100]

    IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics QE- 23(9), 1571–1577 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1987.1073472 61

    Joshi, C., Katsouleas, T., Dawson, J.M., Yan, Y.T., Slater, J.M.: Plasma wave wigglers for free-electron lasers. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics QE- 23(9), 1571–1577 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1109/JQE.1987.1073472 61

    1987

  93. [101]

    In: Proc

    Joshi, C., Katsouleas, T., Dawson, J.M., Yan, Y.T., Chen, F.F.: Plasma wigglers for fels. In: Proc. IEEE Particle Accelerator Conf. (PAC 1987), pp. 199–201 (1987)

    1987

  94. [102]

    Wang, S., Clayton, C.E., Blue, B.E., Dodd, E.S., Marsh, K.A., Mori, W.B., Joshi, C., Lee, S., Muggli, P., Katsouleas, T., Decker, F.J., Hogan, M.J., Iverson, R.H., Raimondi, P., Walz, D., Siemann, R., Assmann, R.: X-ray emission from betatron motion in a plasma wiggler. Phys. ...

    2002 doi

  95. [103]

    Rykovanov, S.G., Wang, J.W., Kharin, V.Y., Lei, B., Schroeder, C.B., Ged- des, C.G.R., Esarey, E., Leemans, W.P.: Tunable polarization plasma channel undulator for narrow bandwidth photon emission. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 19, 090703 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelB...

    2016 doi

  96. [104]

    Scientific Reports 7, 16884 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16971-5

    Wang, J.W., Schroeder, C.B., Li, R., Zepf, M., Rykovanov, S.G.: Plasma channel undulator excited by high-order laser modes. Scientific Reports 7, 16884 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16971-5

    2017 doi

  97. [105]

    Physi- cal Review Accelerators and Beams 25, 091303 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevAccelBeams.25.091303

    Zhou, S., Hua, J., Su, Q., Mori, W.B., Joshi, C., Lu, W.: High-efficiency uniform positron beam loading in a hollow-channel plasma wakefield accelerator. Physi- cal Review Accelerators and Beams 25, 091303 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevAccelBeams.25.091303

    2022

  98. [106]

    : Positron acceleration in a narrow plasma column: Concept and initial results of electron beam guidance

    Lee, V., Ariniello, R., Zhang, C., et al. : Positron acceleration in a narrow plasma column: Concept and initial results of electron beam guidance. In: Proc. Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop (AAC 2023) (2023). F ACET-II E333 experiment

    2023

  99. [107]

    : Demonstration of a positron beam– driven hollow channel plasma wakefield accelerator

    Gessner, S.J., Adli, E., Allen, J.M., et al. : Demonstration of a positron beam– driven hollow channel plasma wakefield accelerator. Nature Communications 7, 11785 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11785

    2016 doi

  100. [108]

    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57(11), 1–26 (2015)

    Arber, T.D., Bennett, K., Brady, C.S., Lawrence-Douglas, A., Ramsay, M.G., Sircombe, N.J., Gillies, P., Evans, R.G., Schmitz, H., Bell, A.R., Ridgers, C.P.: Contemporary particle-in-cell approach to laser-plasma modelling. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57(11), 1–26 (2015)

    2015

  101. [109]

    Physical review letters 104(19), 195002 (2010)

    Hidding, B., K¨ onigstein, T., Osterholz, J., Karsch, S., Willi, O., Pretzler, G.: Monoenergetic energy doubling in a hybrid laser-plasma wakefield accelerator. Physical review letters 104(19), 195002 (2010)

    2010

  102. [110]

    Nature communications 12(1), 2895 (2021) 62

    Kurz, T., Heinemann, T., Gilljohann, M., Chang, Y., Couperus Cabada˘ g, J., Debus, A., Kononenko, O., Pausch, R., Sch¨ obel, S., Assmann, R.,et al.: Demon- stration of a compact plasma accelerator powered by laser-accelerated electron beams. Nature communications 12(1), 2895 (2021) 62

    2021

  103. [111]

    : Sta- ble and high-quality electron beams from staged laser and plasma wakefield accelerators

    Foerster, F., D¨ opp, A., Haberstroh, F., Grafenstein, K.v., Campbell, D., Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., Couperus Cabada˘ g, J., Debus, A., Gilljohann, M., et al. : Sta- ble and high-quality electron beams from staged laser and plasma wakefield accelerators. Physical Review X 12(4)...

    2022

  104. [112]

    Photonics 10(2), 99 (2023)

    Hidding, B., Assmann, R., Bussmann, M., Campbell, D., Chang, Y.-Y., Corde, S., Cabada˘ g, J.C., Debus, A., D¨ opp, A., Gilljohann, M.,et al.: Progress in hybrid plasma wakefield acceleration. Photonics 10(2), 99 (2023). MDPI

    2023

  105. [113]

    New Journal of Physics 27(2), 023021 (2025)

    Chang, X., Zeng, M., Wang, J., Li, D.: Energy boosting and scaling of self- guided hybrid laser-plasma wakefield acceleration in a single uniform plasma. New Journal of Physics 27(2), 023021 (2025)

    2025

  106. [114]

    Science 284(5419), 1488–1493 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1488 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.284.5419.1488

    Remington, B.A., Arnett, D., Paul, R., null, Takabe, H.: Modeling astrophysical phenomena in the laboratory with intense lasers. Science 284(5419), 1488–1493 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5419.1488 https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.284.5419.1488

    1999

  107. [115]

    Physics Today 63(6), 28–33 (2010)

    Drake, R.P.: High-energy-density physics. Physics Today 63(6), 28–33 (2010)

    2010

  108. [116]

    The European Physical Journal Special Topics 223(6), 1121–1129 (2014)

    Chen, P.: Laser cosmology. The European Physical Journal Special Topics 223(6), 1121–1129 (2014)

    2014

  109. [117]

    Reviews of modern physics 82(1), 603–664 (2010)

    Yamada, M., Kulsrud, R., Ji, H.: Magnetic reconnection. Reviews of modern physics 82(1), 603–664 (2010)

    2010

  110. [118]

    Reviews of Modern Physics 78(3), 755–807 (2006)

    Remington, B.A., Drake, R.P., Ryutov, D.D.: Experimental astrophysics with high power lasers and z pinches. Reviews of Modern Physics 78(3), 755–807 (2006)

    2006

  111. [119]

    Fermi, E.: On the origin of the cosmic radiation. Phys. Rev. 75, 1169–1174 (1949) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.75.1169

    1949 doi

  112. [120]

    IN: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics

    Hillas, A.M.: The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. IN: Annual review of astronomy and astrophysics. Volume 22. Palo Alto, CA, Annual Reviews, Inc., 1984, p. 425-444. 22, 425–444 (1984)

    1984

  113. [121]

    Alvarez-Mu˜ niz, J., Cao, Z., Katz, U.F., Mertsch, P., Spiering, C.: Cosmic rays. Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (8), 083–01 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ ptad083

    2024 doi

  114. [122]

    Physical Review Letters 89(16), 161101 (2002)

    Chen, P., Tajima, T., Takahashi, Y.: Plasma wakefield acceleration for ultrahigh- energy cosmic rays. Physical Review Letters 89(16), 161101 (2002)

    2002

  115. [123]

    The Astrophysical Journal 672(2), 940 (2008)

    Hoshino, M.: Wakefield acceleration by radiation pressure in relativistic shock waves. The Astrophysical Journal 672(2), 940 (2008)

    2008

  116. [124]

    Chang, F.-Y., Chen, P., Lin, G.-L., Noble, R., Sydora, R.: Magnetowave induced 63 plasma wakefield acceleration for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 111101 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.111101

    2009 doi

  117. [125]

    Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 54(12), 124049 (2012)

    Kuramitsu, Y., Sakawa, Y., Morita, T., Ide, T., Nishio, K., Tanji, H., Aoki, H., Dono, S., Gregory, C., Waugh, J.,et al.: Laboratory investigations on the origins of cosmic rays. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 54(12), 124049 (2012)

    2012

  118. [126]

    Physical Review D 14, 870–892 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.14.870

    Unruh, W.G.: Notes on black-hole evaporation. Physical Review D 14, 870–892 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.14.870

    1976 doi

  119. [127]

    org/10.1038/248030a0

    Hawking, S.W.: Black hole explosions? Nature 248, 30–31 (1974) https://doi. org/10.1038/248030a0

    1974 doi

  120. [128]

    Nuclear Physics B 212, 131–150 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(83)90601-6

    Bell, J.S., Leinaas, J.M.: Electrons as accelerated thermometers. Nuclear Physics B 212, 131–150 (1983) https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(83)90601-6

    1983 doi

  121. [129]

    Phys- ical Review Letters 83, 256–259 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett

    Chen, P., Tajima, T.: Testing unruh radiation with ultraintense lasers. Phys- ical Review Letters 83, 256–259 (1999) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett. 83.256

    1999 doi

  122. [130]

    Physical Review D 14(10), 2460 (1976)

    Hawking, S.W.: Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse. Physical Review D 14(10), 2460 (1976)

    1976

  123. [131]

    In: Polchinski, J., Vieira, P., DeWolfe, O

    Polchinski, J.: The black hole information problem. In: Polchinski, J., Vieira, P., DeWolfe, O. (eds.) New Frontiers in Fields and Strings (TASI 2015): Pro- ceedings of the 2015 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics, pp. 353–397. World Scientific,...

    2015 doi

  124. [132]

    Unruh, W.G.: Experimental black-hole evaporation? Physical Review Letters 46(21), 1351 (1981)

    1981

  125. [133]

    Physical Review Letters 103(8), 087004 (2009)

    Nation, P.D., Blencowe, M.P., Rimberg, A.J., Buks, E.: Analogue Hawking radi- ation in a dc-SQUID array transmission line. Physical Review Letters 103(8), 087004 (2009)

    2009

  126. [134]

    Physical Review Letters 105(24), 240401 (2010)

    Lahav, O., Itah, A., Blumkin, A., Gordon, C., Rinott, S., Zayats, A., Stein- hauer, J.: Realization of a sonic black hole analog in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Physical Review Letters 105(24), 240401 (2010)

    2010

  127. [135]

    Nature Physics 10(11), 864 (2014)

    Steinhauer, J.: Observation of self-amplifying Hawking radiation in an analogue black-hole laser. Nature Physics 10(11), 864 (2014)

    2014

  128. [136]

    Nature 569(7758), 688–691 (2019)

    Nova, J.R.M., Golubkov, K., Kolobov, V.I., Steinhauer, J.: Observation of ther- mal Hawking radiation and its temperature in an analogue black hole. Nature 569(7758), 688–691 (2019)

    2019

  129. [137]

    Physical Review Letters 118(4), 045001 (2017)

    Chen, P., Mourou, G.: Accelerating plasma mirrors to investigate the black hole 64 information loss paradox (AnaBHEL). Physical Review Letters 118(4), 045001 (2017)

    2017

  130. [138]

    Novel results and perspectives

    Bulanov, S.V., Esirkepov, T.Z., Kando, M., Pirozhkov, A.S., Rosanov, N.N.: Relativistic mirrors in plasmas. Novel results and perspectives. Physics-Uspekhi 56(5), 429 (2013)

    2013

  131. [139]

    Physics 2(1), 67–104 (2020) https://doi.org/10.3390/physics2010007

    Dodonov, V.: Fifty years of the dynamical casimir effect. Physics 2(1), 67–104 (2020) https://doi.org/10.3390/physics2010007

    2020 doi

  132. [140]

    Journal of Mathematical Physics 11, 2679–2691 (1970) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1665432

    Moore, G.T.: Quantum theory of the electromagnetic field in a variable-length one-dimensional cavity. Journal of Mathematical Physics 11, 2679–2691 (1970) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1665432

    1970 doi

  133. [141]

    Proceedings of the Royal Society A 348, 393–414 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1976.0045

    Fulling, S.A., Davies, P.C.W.: Radiation from a moving mirror in two dimen- sional space-time: Conformal anomaly. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 348, 393–414 (1976) https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1976.0045

    1976

  134. [142]

    Proceedings of the Royal Society A 356, 237–257 (1977) https://doi.org/ 10.1098/rspa.1977.0130

    Davies, P.C.W., Fulling, S.A.: Radiation from moving mirrors and from black holes. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 356, 237–257 (1977) https://doi.org/ 10.1098/rspa.1977.0130

    1977

  135. [143]

    Physical Review D 36, 2327–2335 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.36.2327

    Carlitz, R.D., Willey, R.S.: Reflections on moving mirrors. Physical Review D 36, 2327–2335 (1987) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.36.2327

    1987 doi

  136. [144]

    Wilczek, F.: Quantum purity at a small price: Easing a black hole paradox (1993)

    1993

  137. [145]

    Nature 479, 376–379 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10561

    Wilson, C.M., Johansson, G., Pourkabirian, A., Johansson, J.R., Duty, T., Nori, F., Delsing, P.: Observation of the dynamical casimir effect in a superconducting circuit. Nature 479, 376–379 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10561

    2011 doi

  138. [146]

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(11), 4234–4238 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212705110

    L¨ ahteenm¨ aki, P., Paraoanu, G.S., Hassel, J., Hakonen, P.J.: Dynamical casimir effect in a josephson metamaterial. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110(11), 4234–4238 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212705110

    2013 doi

  139. [147]

    Applied Physics B 74, 355–361 (2002)

    Pukhov, A., Meyer-ter-Vehn, J.: Laser wake field acceleration: the highly non- linear broken-wave regime. Applied Physics B 74, 355–361 (2002)

    2002

  140. [148]

    Physical Review Letters 91(8), 085001 (2003)

    Bulanov, S.V., Esirkepov, T., Tajima, T.: Light intensification towards the Schwinger limit. Physical Review Letters 91(8), 085001 (2003)

    2003

  141. [149]

    : Demonstration of Laser-Frequency upshift by electron-density modulations in a plasma wakefield

    Kando, M., Fukuda, Y., Pirozhkov, A.S., Ma, J., Daito, I., Chen, L.-M., Esirkepov, T.Z., Ogura, K., Homma, T., Hayashi, Y., et al. : Demonstration of Laser-Frequency upshift by electron-density modulations in a plasma wakefield. Physical Review Letters 99(13), 135001 (2007)

    2007

  142. [150]

    : Enhancement of photon number reflected by the relativistic flying mirror

    Kando, M., Pirozhkov, A.S., Kawase, K., Esirkepov, T.Z., Fukuda, Y., Kiriyama, 65 H., Okada, H., Daito, I., Kameshima, T., Hayashi, Y., et al. : Enhancement of photon number reflected by the relativistic flying mirror. Physical Review Letters 103(23), 235003 (2009)

    2009

  143. [152]

    arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.14069 (2024)

    Liu, Y.-K., Lin, C.-E., Nam, J., Chen, P.: Characterization of supersonic jet and shock wave with high-resolution quantitative schlieren imaging. arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.14069 (2024)

    2024 arXiv

  144. [153]

    : AnaBHEL (Analog Black Hole Evaporation via Lasers) experiment: Concept, design, and status

    Chen, P., Mourou, G., Besancon, M., Fukuda, Y., Glicenstein, J.-F., Nam, J., Lin, C.-E., Lin, K.-N., Liu, S.-X., Liu, Y.-K., et al. : AnaBHEL (Analog Black Hole Evaporation via Lasers) experiment: Concept, design, and status. In: Photonics, vol. 9, p. 1003 (2022). MDPI

    2022

  145. [154]

    APL Quantum 2(2) (2025)

    Wu, H.-Y., Besan¸ con, M., Chen, J.-W., Chen, P., Glicenstein, J.-F., Liu, S.-X., Lu, Y.-J., Navick, X.-F., Paganis, S., Tuchming, B., et al.: Dual-mode calori- metric superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. APL Quantum 2(2) (2025)

    2025

  146. [155]

    Journal of High Energy Physics 2017(3), 013 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2017)013

    Good, M.R.R., Yelshibekov, K., Ong, Y.C.: On horizonless temperature with an accelerating mirror. Journal of High Energy Physics 2017(3), 013 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2017)013

    2017 doi

  147. [156]

    Physical Review Letters 126(6), 061604 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.061604

    Akal, I., Kusuki, Y., Shiba, N., Takayanagi, T., Wei, Z.: Entanglement entropy in a holographic moving mirror and the page curve. Physical Review Letters 126(6), 061604 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.061604

    2021 doi

  148. [157]

    Physical Review D 96, 025016 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.96.025016

    Chen, P., Yeom, D.-h.: Entropy evolution of moving mirrors and the information loss problem. Physical Review D 96, 025016 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevD.96.025016

    2017

  149. [158]

    Physical Review D 91, 124060 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.124060

    Hotta, M., Sch”utzhold, R., Unruh, W.G.: Partner particles for moving mirror radiation and black hole evaporation. Physical Review D 91, 124060 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.124060

    2015 doi

  150. [159]

    Physical Review D 110, 025023 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.025023

    Osawa, Y., Lin, K.-N., Nambu, Y., Hotta, M., Chen, P.: Final burst of the moving mirror is unrelated to the partner mode of analog hawking radiation. Physical Review D 110, 025023 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.025023

    2024 doi

  151. [160]

    The European Physical Journal C 84(1), 53 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12409-1

    Lin, K.-N., Chen, P.: Particle production by a relativistic semitransparent mirror of finite size and thickness. The European Physical Journal C 84(1), 53 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-12409-1

    2024 doi

  152. [161]

    Physics of Plasmas 28(10) (2021) 66

    Liu, Y.-K., Chen, P., Fang, Y.: Reflectivity and spectrum of relativistic flying plasma mirrors. Physics of Plasmas 28(10) (2021) 66

    2021

  153. [162]

    Physical Review E 56(6), 7204 (1997)

    Tremaine, A., Rosenzweig, J., Schoessow, P.: Electromagnetic wake fields and beam stability in slab-symmetric dielectric structures. Physical Review E 56(6), 7204 (1997)

    1997

  154. [163]

    : Observation of acceleration and deceleration in gigaelectron-volt-per-metre gra- dient dielectric wakefield accelerators

    O’Shea, B.D., Andonian, G., Barber, S.K., Fitzmorris, K.L., Hakimi, S., Har- rison, J., Hoang, P.D., Hogan, M.J., Naranjo, B., Williams, O.B., et al. : Observation of acceleration and deceleration in gigaelectron-volt-per-metre gra- dient dielectric wakefield accelerators. Nat...

    2016

  155. [164]

    Physical review letters 100(21), 214801 (2008)

    Thompson, M.C., Badakov, H., Cook, A.M., Rosenzweig, J.B., Tikhoplav, R., Travish, G., Blumenfeld, I., Hogan, M.J., Ischebeck, R., Kirby, N., et al.: Break- down limits on gigavolt-per-meter electron-beam-driven wakefields in dielectric structures. Physical review letters 100(...

    2008

  156. [165]

    Physical Review Letters 98, 144801 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.98.144801

    Jing, C., Kanareykin, A., Power, J.G., Conde, M., Yusof, Z., Schoessow, P., Gai, W.: Observation of enhanced transformer ratio in collinear wakefield accel- eration. Physical Review Letters 98, 144801 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.98.144801

    2007

  157. [166]

    Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams 14, 021302 (2011) https://doi

    Jing, C., Power, J.G., Conde, M., Liu, W., Yusof, Z., Kanareykin, A., Gai, W.: Increasing the transformer ratio at the argonne wakefield accelerator. Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams 14, 021302 (2011) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.021302

    2011 doi

  158. [167]

    Physi- cal Review Accelerators and Beams 25, 081302 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevAccelBeams.25.081302

    Saveliev, Y., Overton, T.J., Pacey, T.H., Joshi, N., Mathisen, S., Muratori, B.D., Thompson, N., King, M.P., Xia, G.: Experimental study of transverse effects in planar dielectric wakefield accelerating structures with elliptical beams. Physi- cal Review Accelerators and Beams...

    2022

  159. [168]

    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 909, 271–275 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.11.050

    Nie, Y., Xia, G., Pacey, T.: Simulations of an energy dechirper based on dielectric lined waveguides. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A 909, 271–275 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.11.050

    2018 doi

  160. [169]

    Technical report, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA (USA) (1986)

    Chen, P., Noble, R.J.: A solid state accelerator. Technical report, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA (USA) (1986)

    1986

  161. [170]

    In: Jr., R.A.C., Ellison, J.A

    Chen, P., Noble, R.J.: Channeled particle acceleration by plasma waves in met- als. In: Jr., R.A.C., Ellison, J.A. (eds.) Relativistic Channeling. NATO ASI Series B: Physics, vol. 165, pp. 517–522. Springer, New York, NY (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6394-2 39

    1987 doi

  162. [171]

    Physical review letters 59(13), 1440 (1987)

    Tajima, T., Cavenago, M.: Crystal x-ray accelerator. Physical review letters 59(13), 1440 (1987)

    1987

  163. [172]

    Huang, Z., Chen, P., Ruth, R.D.: Radiation reaction in a continuous focusing 67 channel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74(10), 1759–1762 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1103/ PhysRevLett.74.1759

    1995

  164. [173]

    Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 19(10), 101004 (2016)

    Zhang, X., Tajima, T., Farinella, D., Shin, Y., Mourou, G., Wheeler, J., Taborek, P., Chen, P., Dollar, F., Shen, B.: Particle-in-cell simulation of x-ray wakefield acceleration and betatron radiation in nanotubes. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 19(10), 101004 (2016)

    2016

  165. [174]

    Journal of Instrumentation 18, 11008 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/P11008

    Gilljohann, M.F., Mankovska, Y., Claveria, P.S.M., Sytov, A., Bandiera, L., Ariniello, R., Davoine, X., Ekerfelt, H., Fiuza, F., Gremillet, L., Knetsch, A., Martinez, B., Matheron, A., Piekarz, H., Storey, D., Taborek, P., Tajima, T., Shiltsev, V., Corde, S.: Channeling accele...

    2023 doi

  166. [175]

    Nature Photonics 18(8), 780–791 (2024)

    Galletti, M., Assmann, R., Couprie, M., Ferrario, M., Giannessi, L., Irman, A., Pompili, R., Wang, W.: Prospects for free-electron lasers powered by plasma- wakefield-accelerated beams. Nature Photonics 18(8), 780–791 (2024)

    2024

  167. [176]

    : All-optical compton gamma-ray source

    Phuoc, K.T., Corde, S., Thaury, C., et al. : All-optical compton gamma-ray source. Nature Photonics 6, 308–311 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton. 2012.82

    2012 doi

  168. [177]

    : Ultrahigh dose-rate flash irra- diation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice

    Favaudon, V., Caplier, L., Monceau, V., et al. : Ultrahigh dose-rate flash irra- diation increases the differential response between normal and tumor tissue in mice. Science Translational Medicine 6, 245–93 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1126/ scitranslmed.3008973

    2014

  169. [178]

    Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5): Exploring the Quantum Uni- verse: Pathways to Innovation and Discovery in Particle Physics. U.S. P5 Report (2023). https://www.usparticlephysics.org/2023-p5-report/

    2023

  170. [179]

    Vieira, J., Cros, B., Muggli, P., Andriyash, I., et al.: Report on the Advanced Linear Collider Study Group (ALEGRO) Workshop 2024 (2024)

    2024

  171. [180]

    arXiv:2503.20214 (2025)

    Gessner, S., Osterhoff, J., Barklow, T., Knetsch, A., O’Shea, B., et al.: Design Initiative for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Collider. arXiv:2503.20214 (2025). https: //doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2503.20214

    2025 doi arXiv

  172. [181]

    APS DPF 2025 talk

    Gessner, S.: Status of the 10 TeV Wakefield Collider Design Study. APS DPF 2025 talk. Accessed 2025-08-29 (2025). https://indico. global/event/14967/contributions/130411/attachments/61527/118431/ APS DPF 10TeV Update v4.pdf

    2025

  173. [182]

    New Jour- nal of Physics 25(9), 093037 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/acf395 68 2303.10150

    Foster, B., D’Arcy, R., Lindstrøm, C.A.: A hybrid, asymmetric, linear higgs factory based on plasma-wakefield and radio-frequency acceleration. New Jour- nal of Physics 25(9), 093037 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/acf395 68 2303.10150

    2023 arXiv

  174. [183]

    Lindstrøm, C.A., D’Arcy, R., Foster, B.: Status of and upgrade concepts for HALHF: the hybrid, asymmetric, linear Higgs factory (2023)

    2023

  175. [184]

    Accessed 2025-08-29 (2025)

    LDG Review Panel: Review of the CERN Accelerator R&D Roadmap (midterm). Accessed 2025-08-29 (2025). https://indico.cern.ch/event/1439855/ contributions/6461564/attachments/3045936/5472340/LDG roadmap review report.pdf

    2025

  176. [185]

    Hidding, B., Hooker, S., Jamison, S., Muratori, B., Murphy, C., Najmudin, Z., Pattathil, R., Sarri, G., Streeter, M., Welsch, C., Wing, M., Xia, G.: Plasma Wakefield Accelerator Research 2019–2040: A community-driven UK roadmap (2019)

    2019

  177. [186]

    https:// www.pwasc.org.uk/uk-roadmap

    Plasma Wakefield Accelerator Steering Committee (PW ASC): UK roadmap for plasma accelerator research (summary and recommendations) (2019). https:// www.pwasc.org.uk/uk-roadmap

    2019

  178. [187]

    : Plasma wakefield acceleration at clara pars

    Hanahoe, K., et al. : Plasma wakefield acceleration at clara pars. In: Proc. IPAC 2014, pp. 1544–1546 (2014). https://doi.org/10.18429/ JACoW-IPAC2014-TUPME081

    2014

  179. [188]

    Xia, G., Angal-Kalinin, D., Clarke, J., Smith, J., Cormier-Michel, E., Jones, J., Williams, P.H., McKenzie, J.W., Militsyn, B.L., Hanahoe, K., Mete, O., Aimidula, A., Welsch, C.P.: A plasma wakefield acceleration experiment using clara beam. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A...

    2014 arXiv

  180. [189]

    Xia, G., Nie, Y., Mete, O., Hanahoe, K., Dover, M., Wigram, M., Wright, J., Zhang, J., Smith, J., Pacey, T., Li, Y., Wei, Y., Welsch, C.P.: Plasma wakefield acceleration at clara facility in daresbury laboratory. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A (2016) https://doi.org/10.10...

    2016 doi

  181. [190]

    https://www.astec.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/CLARA

    STFC ASTeC: CLARA — Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Appli- cations (official page) (2025). https://www.astec.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/CLARA. aspx

    2025

  182. [191]

    https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS006214%2F1

    UKRI STFC: Exploratory Study of PWF A-FEL at CLARA (ST/S006214/1) (2020). https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS006214%2F1

    2020

  183. [192]

    Nakajima, K., Enomoto, A., Kobayashi, H., Nakanishi, H., Nishida, Y., Ogata, A., Ohsawa, S., Oogoe, T., Shoji, T., Urano, T.: Plasma wake-field accelerator experiments at KEK. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 292(1), 12–20 (1990) https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(90)91729-U

    1990 doi

  184. [193]

    In: Proc

    Nakajima, K., Enomoto, A., Urano, T., et al.: Kek plasma wakefield accelerator 69 experiments. In: Proc. EPAC 1990 (1990). Early experimental observation of bunch-to-bunch energy shifts consistent with plasma wakefields

    1990

  185. [194]

    Zhou, S., Hua, J., An, W., Mori, W.B., Joshi, C., Gao, J., Lu, W.: High efficiency uniform wakefield acceleration of a positron beam using stable asymmetric mode in a hollow channel plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 174801 (2021) https://doi. org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.174801

    2021 doi

  186. [195]

    In: ALEGRO Workshop (2019)

    Lu, W.: Advanced accelerator activities in asia towards future colliders. In: ALEGRO Workshop (2019). slides: plasma-based injector path toward CEPC. https://indico.cern.ch/event/732810/contributions/3343083/attachments/1819247/2974747/Alegro- weilu-2019.pdf

    2019

  187. [196]

    In: Proc

    Shi, X., Wang, Y., Xu, H., Li, D., Ma, A.: Design of a beam transport line for external injection of plasma wakefield acceleration experiments based on bepcii. In: Proc. of LINAC2024, Chicago, IL, USA (2024). Abstract reports compression from ∼10 ps to ∼1 ps (rms) and focusing...

    2024

  188. [197]

    : Full energy on-demand beam injec- tion from SACLA into the SPring-8 storage ring

    Maesaka, H., Fukui, T., Hiraiwa, T., Togawa, K., Inagaki, T., Hara, T., Tanaka, H., et al. : Full energy on-demand beam injec- tion from SACLA into the SPring-8 storage ring. In: Proc. IPAC 2021 (2021). https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-FRXA01 . https://accelconf.web.cer...

    2021 doi

  189. [198]

    In: Proc

    Muggli, P., Cros, B.: Alegro, the advanced linear collider study group. In: Proc. IPAC 2018 (2018). https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPML036 . ALEGRO membership spans Europe, America and Asia. https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/ipac2018/papers/tupml036.pdf

    2018 doi

  190. [199]

    Nature 603, 58–62 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04348-8

    D’Arcy, R., et al.: Recovery time of a plasma-wakefield accelerator. Nature 603, 58–62 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04348-8

    2022 doi

  191. [200]

    Communications Physics 7, 241 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-024-01739-x

    Pompili, R., Anania, M.P., Biagioni, A., Carillo, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Crincoli, L., Del Dotto, A., et al.: Recovery of hydrogen plasma at the sub-nanosecond timescale in a plasma-wakefield accelerator. Communications Physics 7, 241 (2024) https://doi.org...

    2024 doi

  192. [201]

    Physical Review Research 6, 043090 (2024) https://doi.org/10

    Pe˜ na, F., Lindstrøm, C.A., Beinortaite, J., Bj¨ orklund Svensson, J., Boulton, L., Diederichs, S., Foster, B., Garland, J.M., Gonz´ alez Caminal, P., Loisch, G., Schr¨ oder, S., Th´ evenet, M., Wesch, S., Wood, J.C., Osterhoff, J., D’Arcy, R.: Energy depletion and re-acceler...

    2024

  193. [202]

    : Facet-ii facility for advanced accelerator experimental tests

    Yakimenko, V., et al. : Facet-ii facility for advanced accelerator experimental tests. Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 22, 101301 (2019) https://doi. 70 org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.22.101301

    2019 doi

  194. [203]

    : Wakefield generation in hydrogen and lithium plasmas at F ACET-II: Diagnostics and first beam–plasma interaction results

    Storey, D., Zhang, C., San Miguel Claveria, P., Nie, Z., Marsh, K.A., Mori, W.B., Adli, E., An, W., Ariniello, R., Cao, G.J., et al. : Wakefield generation in hydrogen and lithium plasmas at F ACET-II: Diagnostics and first beam–plasma interaction results. Physical Review Acce...

    2024 doi

  195. [204]

    Upgrade note: FLASH1 externally seeded at 1 MHz; shutdown 2024-06- 10 to 2025-08; users from 2025-11

    DESY FLASH Team: Free-Electron Laser FLASH — upgrade and status (official page). Upgrade note: FLASH1 externally seeded at 1 MHz; shutdown 2024-06- 10 to 2025-08; users from 2025-11. Accessed 2025-08-29 (2025). https://flash. desy.de/

    2024

  196. [205]

    arXiv:2206.06040 (2022)

    Gschwendtner, E., et al.: The A W AKE Run 2 programme and beyond. arXiv:2206.06040 (2022). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.06040

    2022 doi arXiv

  197. [206]

    Technical Report CERN-SPSC- 2024-033; SPSC-SR-356, CERN SPSC (2024)

    A W AKE Collaboration: Awake status report. Technical Report CERN-SPSC- 2024-033; SPSC-SR-356, CERN SPSC (2024). Submitted 2024-11-19. https:// cds.cern.ch/record/2917426/files/SPSC-SR-356.pdf

    2024

  198. [207]

    Villa, F.: EuPRAXIA@SPARC LAB Status Update (2023)

    2023

  199. [208]

    Physics Open (2025)

    Foster, B., D’Arcy, R., Lindstrøm, C.A., et al.: Proceedings of the erice workshop: A new baseline for the hybrid, asymmetric, linear higgs factory halhf. Physics Open (2025). in press 71

    2025

Pith tools

Reviewed August 5, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.