Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 4 minor 55 references

Characterisation at the HL-LHC of Long-lived Heavy Neutrinos in Gauge Extensions of the Standard Model

T0 review · 3 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-07-30 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read Displaced heavy-neutrino decays at the HL-LHC can reveal mass, lifetime and quantum numbers in two gauge extensions of the Standard Model.

desk verdict Solid incremental LLP benchmarks and AFB/displacement handles for LRSM and U(1)B−L, but the ‘neatly accessed’ claim outruns the parton-level evidence. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.26757 v1 pith:VZPKW4LX submitted 2026-07-29 hep-ph

Aram Fatah , Stefano Moretti , Antons Nikolajevs This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-ph
keywords long-livedparticlesheavyneutrinosLeft-RightSymmetricModelU(1)B−LdisplacedverticesHL-LHCKeung-Senjanovicprocessforward-backwardasymmetry
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

Heavy neutrinos that live long enough to decay away from the collision point can leave clean signatures at the High-Luminosity LHC. The paper studies two well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model—the Left-Right Symmetric Model and a U(1)B−L gauge extension—in which new heavy gauge bosons act as portals that produce these neutrinos at usable rates. In regions of parameter space still allowed by existing searches, the neutrinos decay inside the ATLAS and CMS trackers, producing same-sign dileptons plus jets. Because the decays occur far from the interaction point, ordinary Standard Model backgrounds are strongly suppressed. The authors show, at parton level, that the resulting kinematic distributions and angular asymmetries can reconstruct the neutrino mass and lifetime and diagnose the chirality or vector nature of the new gauge couplings. Three benchmark points per model illustrate that the High-Luminosity upgrade should collect enough events for this characterisation.

What carries the argument

The Keung–Senjanović process (W′ → Nℓ → ℓℓjj) in the Left-Right Symmetric Model and the analogous Z′ → NN → ℓℓjj process in U(1)B−L, combined with laboratory-frame displacement distributions and forward–backward lepton asymmetries measured in the heavy-neutrino rest frame.

What would settle it

A full detector-level simulation of the three published benchmarks that either fails to reconstruct the claimed mass peaks and AFB asymmetries above background, or shows that the displaced same-sign dilepton-plus-jets sample is dominated by residual Standard Model processes.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

In non-excluded regions of the Left-Right Symmetric Model and the U(1)B−L model where heavy neutrinos are long-lived, High-Luminosity LHC displaced-vertex signals (same-sign dileptons plus jets) allow extraction of the heavy-neutrino mass, width/lifetime and quantum numbers, together with characterisation of the W′ or Z′ portal, because Standard Model backgrounds are strongly reduced away from the interaction point.

Load-bearing premise

A parton-level study without showering, hadronisation or full detector simulation is enough to claim that mass, width and quantum numbers can be cleanly extracted once the decays are displaced.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • HL-LHC displaced-vertex analyses can target both LRSM and U(1)B−L heavy neutrinos with the same final-state topology.
  • Invariant-mass peaks of lepton–jet systems can measure the heavy-neutrino mass even when the parent W′ or Z′ is off-shell.
  • Forward–backward asymmetries of the secondary leptons can distinguish right-handed W′ couplings from vector-like Z′ couplings.
  • Laboratory-frame displacement spectra directly constrain the proper lifetime (and hence the mixing or Yukawa couplings) of the heavy neutrino.
  • The three benchmark points per model supply concrete targets for dedicated ATLAS/CMS long-lived-particle searches.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The same displaced-vertex strategy could be applied to other gauge portals that produce Majorana neutrinos with centimetre-scale lifetimes.
  • Once detector-level efficiencies are known, the AFB measurement may become a model-discrimination tool between left–right and B−L scenarios even with modest event counts.
  • If the off-shell W′ contribution is as large as claimed, existing prompt searches may have underestimated the total rate in the multi-TeV W′ region.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper studies long-lived heavy neutrinos produced via extended gauge portals in the LRSM (W' → N ℓ) and a U(1)_{B−L} model (Z' → NN), with subsequent displaced same-sign dilepton + jets decays. Parameter space is scanned with SARAH/SPheno/MadGraph against published ATLAS/CMS cross-section limits (KS process, dilepton, diboson); three BPs per model are chosen with M(N) ~ 17–280 GeV, cτ ~ 0.04–0.5 cm and rates ~10^{-4} pb. Parton-level invariant-mass peaks, geometric displacements (modified DELPHES) and lepton AFB in the N rest frame are presented to argue that HL-LHC can extract N mass, width/lifetime and quantum numbers, and characterise the W'/Z' portals, because displaced regions are essentially free of SM backgrounds.

Significance. If the characterisation claim holds, the work supplies concrete, non-excluded BPs and a clear set of observables (on-/off-shell mass reconstructions, lab-frame displacements, chiral AFB) that experiments could use to move beyond mere discovery of displaced heavy neutrinos toward property extraction in two well-motivated gauge extensions. The simultaneous treatment of charged- and neutral-current portals, the explicit inclusion of interference where relevant, and the public BPs are useful for the LLP community. The result is a solid proof-of-concept rather than a full experimental projection; its lasting value is the identification of clean kinematic handles once backgrounds and detector effects are under control.

major comments (3)
  1. [Abstract; §IV.C–D; Tabs. I–III; Figs. 8–11] Abstract and §V claim that N mass, width and quantum numbers (and W'/Z' properties) can be ‘neatly accessed’ at HL-LHC. Tabs. I–III give KS rates ~6×10^{-4} pb; after the SR1/SR2 split of §IV.C, charge channels and the observation that off-shell W' dominates and BP2 often decays outside the tracker (Figs. 8–11), no event yields, efficiencies or statistical uncertainties at 3 ab^{-1} are shown. Consequently the AFB distributions (Fig. 10) and mass peaks are not demonstrated to be statistically usable. A minimal estimate of expected reconstructed events per BP/SR is required to support the characterisation claim.
  2. [Abstract; §V] The repeated assertion that displaced same-sign dilepton+jets regions are ‘essentially free from SM backgrounds’ (Abstract, §V) is stated without any estimate of material interactions, heavy-flavour, cosmics or pile-up fakes. Because the entire characterisation argument rests on background-free shapes, even a rough order-of-magnitude assessment (or an explicit statement that none is attempted) is needed; otherwise the claim remains unquantified.
  3. [§I; §IV.C–D; Conclusions] The analysis is purely partonic (§I, Conclusions). While acceptable for a first look, the invariant-mass and AFB observables used for mass and quantum-number extraction are sensitive to jet clustering, lepton isolation and tracker resolution once the N is boosted. The paper should either quantify how these effects smear the peaks/asymmetries or clearly downgrade the language from ‘neatly accessed’ to ‘kinematic handles that survive in a parton-level study’.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Fig. 3; §IV.A] Fig. 3 caption and text refer to ‘observed cross section (see Ref. [29])’ but do not state whether the experimental limits already unfold acceptance; a one-sentence clarification would help the reader compare apples-to-apples.
  2. [§II.A; §IV] Notation switches freely between W' and W_R (and Z'/Z_{B−L}); a consistent choice after the first definition would improve readability.
  3. [Figs. 8–14] Several figures (e.g. 8–11, 13–14) lack explicit luminosity normalisation or unit labels on the vertical axes in the text description; adding them would make the plots self-contained.
  4. [Throughout] Typos: ‘ANAL YSIS’, ‘F eatures’, ‘RESUL TS’, ‘individuate’, and a few missing spaces around equation references.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No circularity: standard external-constraint + MC phenomenology; BPs and distributions are not fitted predictions or definitional identities.

full rationale

The paper follows a conventional BSM collider pipeline. LRSM and U(1)B−L Lagrangians, mass formulae (Eqs. 4–28) and production channels (KS process, Z′→NN) are taken from the established literature. Parameter space is cut by comparing MadGraph cross sections to published ATLAS/CMS limits (dilepton, diboson, KS searches), which are external data. Benchmark points are chosen by hand for large rate and cτ inside the tracker, not obtained by fitting the same observables later plotted. Invariant-mass peaks, displacements and AFB are then computed at parton level from those fixed BPs; they are not statistically forced by a prior fit, nor defined in terms of the quantities they are said to extract. Self-citations (e.g. prior B−L phenomenology by overlapping authors) supply model context only and do not underwrite a uniqueness claim or smuggle an ansatz that forces the HL-LHC characterisation result. The acknowledged parton-level and background-free limitations are correctness/scope issues, not circular reductions. Hence score 0 with no circular steps.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

Central claim rests on two standard gauge extensions (LRSM, U(1)B−L), external LHC exclusion contours, the seesaw mass pattern, and the modeling choice that parton-level displaced kinematics plus negligible SM background suffice for HL-LHC characterization. Free parameters are the scanned VEVs, Yukawas, and U(1) couplings used to pick BPs; no new particles beyond those already defined by the models are invented here.

free parameters (4)
  • u_R (LRSM right-handed triplet VEV) = BP-dependent; M_W'≈4.73 TeV in Tab. I
    Scanned in [1.8e3, 1.4e4] GeV to set M_W' and M_N; BP values chosen for large KS rate and target cτ.
  • h_R_11 (LRSM Majorana Yukawa) = Implied by M_Ne = 17–29 GeV in Tab. I
    Scanned in [1e-3, 0.33] to set M_Ne under M_N < M_W'; selects LLP BPs.
  • x (U(1)B−L singlet VEV) and g̃, g̃1 = M_Z'≈2.1–2.6 TeV; M_Ne≈159–277 GeV in Tab. II
    Scanned to set M_Z' and couplings while evading dilepton/diboson and Z–Z' mixing bounds; BPs hand-selected for rate and cτ.
  • Benchmark heavy-neutrino masses / widths = Tabs. I–II (cτ ~ 0.04–0.5 cm)
    Three BPs per model chosen for large production and a spread of lab-frame displacements inside tracker volume—not predicted uniquely by the models.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Type-I/II seesaw mass matrices in LRSM and U(1)B−L yield light ν and heavy N with M_N ≈ M_R when M_D ≪ M_R.
    Used throughout §II to identify the LLP as the heavy mostly-sterile state.
  • domain assumption Published ATLAS/CMS KS, dilepton, and diboson limits can be applied by comparing MadGraph parton-level σ to reported observed σ, including interference where stated.
    §IV.A–B; exclusion contours in Figs. 3–7 rest on this comparison.
  • ad hoc to paper Displaced heavy-neutrino decays inside ATLAS/CMS trackers occur in phase space ‘essentially free from SM backgrounds,’ so intrinsic W/Z contamination is subleading.
    Asserted in Abstract, §I, and Conclusions without a quantitative background estimate.
  • ad hoc to paper Parton-level kinematics (invariant masses, AFB in N rest frame, geometric displacements via modified DELPHES) are adequate for a proof-of-concept of mass/width/quantum-number extraction.
    Explicit scope choice in §I and §III; underpins characterization claims in §IV–V.
  • standard math Standard QCD PDFs and dynamical scale in MadGraph at √s=13.6 TeV suffice for the quoted rates.
    §III.A numerical setup.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Characterisation at the HL-LHC of Long-lived Heavy Neutrinos in Gauge Extensions of the Standard Model." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/VZPKW4LX

@misc{pith2026260726757,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Characterisation at the HL-LHC of Long-lived Heavy Neutrinos in Gauge Extensions of the Standard Model},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/VZPKW4LX}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.26757}
}
abstract

We show how signals of heavy neutrinos with displaced decays can be detected at the Large Hadron Collider in two theoretical setups, both exploiting extended gauge sectors as portals to such new physics, the Left-Right Symmetric Model and $U(1)_{B-L}$. Further, owing to the reduced contamination from backgrounds away from the interaction point, we illustrate how the properties of the heavy neutrinos (mass, width and quantum numbers) can neatly be accessed at the High-Luminosity upgrade of the CERN machine.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.26757 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. Feynman diagram for the process studied in the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. Feynman diagram for the process studied in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. FIG. 4. (a) Calculated KS process cross section for different [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_4.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (9 more)
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: As we are interested in heavy neutrino production and displaced (from the interaction point) decays, we show in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_6.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. (a) Heavy neutrino production cross sections for dif [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_7.png]
Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Since, in our chosen BPs, one has M(Ne) < MW′ , the KS process provides a clean signal that would confirm the Majorana nature of the heavy neutrinos as the final state leptons can be any combination of charges. Detecting such a process would show the lepton number viol…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. (a) The invariant mass distribution (in GeV) for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_8.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. (a) The angular distributions between the direc [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_10.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. The total transverse energy distribution (in GeV) [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_12.png]
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: FIG. 13. (a) The total displacement distributions for the [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_13.png]
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: FIG. 14. (a) The angular distributions between the direc [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_14.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

55 extracted references · 38 linked inside Pith

  1. [1]

    Gianottiet al., Physics potential and experimental challenges of the LHC luminosity upgrade, Eur

    F. Gianottiet al., Physics potential and experimental challenges of the LHC luminosity upgrade, Eur. Phys. J. C39, 293 (2005), arXiv:hep-ph/0204087

    arXiv 2005

  2. [2]

    Fukudaet al.(Super-Kamiokande), Evidence for os- cillation of atmospheric neutrinos, Phys

    Y. Fukudaet al.(Super-Kamiokande), Evidence for os- cillation of atmospheric neutrinos, Phys. Rev. Lett.81, 1562 (1998), arXiv:hep-ex/9807003

    arXiv 1998

  3. [3]

    Aguilaret al.(LSND), Evidence for neutrino oscilla- tions from the observation of ¯νe appearance in a ¯νµ beam, Phys

    A. Aguilaret al.(LSND), Evidence for neutrino oscilla- tions from the observation of ¯νe appearance in a ¯νµ beam, Phys. Rev. D64, 112007 (2001), arXiv:hep-ex/0104049

    arXiv 2001

  4. [4]

    M. H. Ahnet al.(K2K), Indications of neutrino oscilla- tion in a 250 km long baseline experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett.90, 041801 (2003), arXiv:hep-ex/0212007

    arXiv 2003

  5. [5]

    Abeet al.(T2K), Indication of Electron Neutrino Ap- pearance from an Accelerator-produced Off-axis Muon Neutrino Beam, Phys

    K. Abeet al.(T2K), Indication of Electron Neutrino Ap- pearance from an Accelerator-produced Off-axis Muon Neutrino Beam, Phys. Rev. Lett.107, 041801 (2011), arXiv:1106.2822 [hep-ex]

    arXiv 2011

  6. [6]

    Based on these results, again, three BPs with a wide range of decay lengths were selected for further analysis

    We see that heavy neutrinos have a large production cross section and has a sizeable proper lifetime when the mass of the heavy neutrino is rather small. Based on these results, again, three BPs with a wide range of decay lengths were selected for further analysis. Tab. II shows the main parameters for each BP. From here, one can notice that the BPs inU(1...

  7. [7]

    F. P. Anet al.(Daya Bay), Spectral measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation amplitude and frequency at Daya Bay, Phys. Rev. Lett.112, 061801 (2014), arXiv:1310.6732 [hep-ex]

    arXiv 2014

  8. [8]

    Minkowski,µ→eγat a Rate of One Out of 10 9 Muon Decays?, Phys

    P. Minkowski,µ→eγat a Rate of One Out of 10 9 Muon Decays?, Phys. Lett. B67, 421 (1977)

    1977

Show all 55 references
  1. [9]

    R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 912 (1980)

    1980

  2. [10]

    R. N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanovic, Neutrino Masses and Mixings in Gauge Models with Spontaneous Parity Violation, Phys. Rev. D23, 165 (1981)

    1981

  3. [11]

    R. N. Mohapatra and R. E. Marshak, LocalB−L Symmetry of Electroweak Interactions, Majorana Neutri- nos and Neutron Oscillations, Phys. Rev. Lett.44, 1316 (1980), [Erratum: Phys.Rev.Lett. 44, 1643 (1980)]

    1980

  4. [12]

    Wetterich, Neutrino Masses and the Scale ofB−L Violation, Nucl

    C. Wetterich, Neutrino Masses and the Scale ofB−L Violation, Nucl. Phys. B187, 343 (1981)

    1981

  5. [13]

    Gell-Mann, P

    M. Gell-Mann, P. Ramond, and R. Slansky, Complex Spinors and Unified Theories, Conf. Proc. C790927, 315 (1979), arXiv:1306.4669 [hep-th]

    1979 arXiv

  6. [14]

    Magg and C

    M. Magg and C. Wetterich, Neutrino Mass Problem and Gauge Hierarchy, Phys. Lett. B94, 61 (1980)

    1980

  7. [15]

    J. D. Vergados, The Neutrino Mass and Family, Lepton and Baryon Nonconservation in Gauge Theories, Phys. Rept.133, 1 (1986). 11

    1986

  8. [16]

    J. C. Pati and A. Salam, Lepton Number as the Fourth Color, Phys. Rev. D10, 275 (1974), [Erratum: Phys.Rev.D 11, 703–703 (1975)]

    1974

  9. [17]

    R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati, Left-Right Gauge Sym- metry and an Isoconjugate Model of CP Violation, Phys. Rev. D11, 566 (1975)

    1975

  10. [18]

    Senjanovic and R

    G. Senjanovic and R. N. Mohapatra, Exact Left-Right Symmetry and Spontaneous Violation of Parity, Phys. Rev. D12, 1502 (1975)

    1975

  11. [19]

    Buchmuller, C

    W. Buchmuller, C. Greub, and P. Minkowski, Neutrino masses, neutral vector bosons and the scale ofB−L breaking, Phys. Lett. B267, 395 (1991)

    1991

  12. [20]

    Khalil, Low scaleB−Lextension of the Standard Model at the LHC, J

    S. Khalil, Low scaleB−Lextension of the Standard Model at the LHC, J. Phys. G35, 055001 (2008), arXiv:hep-ph/0611205

    2008 arXiv

  13. [21]

    Cottin, J

    G. Cottin, J. C. Helo, and M. Hirsch, Searches for light sterile neutrinos with multitrack displaced vertices, Phys. Rev. D97, 055025 (2018), arXiv:1801.02734 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  14. [22]

    Nemevˇ sek, F

    M. Nemevˇ sek, F. Nesti, and G. Popara, Keung- Senjanovi´ c process at the LHC: From lepton number vio- lation to displaced vertices to invisible decays, Phys. Rev. D97, 115018 (2018), arXiv:1801.05813 [hep-ph]

    2018 arXiv

  15. [23]

    K. A. Urqu ´ ıa-Calder´ on, Long-lived heavy neutral leptons at lepton colliders as a probe of left-right-symmetric mod- els, Phys. Rev. D109, 055002 (2024), arXiv:2310.17406 [hep-ph]

    2024 arXiv

  16. [24]

    Basso, A

    L. Basso, A. Belyaev, S. Moretti, and C. H. Shepherd- Themistocleous, Phenomenology of the minimalB−L extension of the Standard model: Z’ and neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D80, 055030 (2009), arXiv:0812.4313 [hep-ph]

    2009 arXiv

  17. [25]

    Bandyopadhyay, E

    P. Bandyopadhyay, E. J. Chun, and C. Sen, Boosted dis- placed decay of right-handed neutrinos at CMS, ATLAS and MATHUSLA, JHEP02, 103, arXiv:2205.12511 [hep- ph]

    arXiv

  18. [26]

    G. Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy neutral leptons in decays of W bosons using leptonic and semi-leptonic displaced vertices in √s= 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector, JHEP07, 196, arXiv:2503.16213 [hep- ex]

    arXiv

  19. [27]

    A. Hayrapetyanet al.(CMS), Search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons in proton-proton collision events with a lepton-jet pair associated with a secondary vertex at √s = 13 TeV, JHEP02, 036, arXiv:2407.10717 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

  20. [28]

    As the mixing between theWandW ′ is tiny, we neglect considering it throughout

  21. [29]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al.(CMS), Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at √s= 13 TeV, JHEP05, 033, arXiv:1911.03947 [hep-ex]

    1911 arXiv

  22. [30]

    Tumasyanet al.(CMS), Search for a right-handed W boson and a heavy neutrino in proton-proton collisions at√s= 13 TeV, JHEP04, 047, arXiv:2112.03949 [hep-ex]

    A. Tumasyanet al.(CMS), Search for a right-handed W boson and a heavy neutrino in proton-proton collisions at√s= 13 TeV, JHEP04, 047, arXiv:2112.03949 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

  23. [31]

    G. Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy Majorana or Dirac neutrinos and right-handed W gauge bosons in final states with charged leptons and jets in pp collisions at√s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 1164 (2023), arXiv:2304.09553 [hep-ex]

    2023 arXiv

  24. [32]

    Liu,Exploring B-L gauge models at the LHC and beyond, Ph.D

    W. Liu,Exploring B-L gauge models at the LHC and beyond, Ph.D. thesis, University Coll. London (2020)

    2020

  25. [33]

    Porod, SPheno, a program for calculating supersym- metric spectra, SUSY particle decays and SUSY particle production ate +e− colliders, Comput

    W. Porod, SPheno, a program for calculating supersym- metric spectra, SUSY particle decays and SUSY particle production ate +e− colliders, Comput. Phys. Commun. 153, 275 (2003), arXiv:hep-ph/0301101

    2003 arXiv

  26. [34]

    Porod and F

    W. Porod and F. Staub, SPheno 3.1: Extensions in- cluding flavour, CP-phases and models beyond the MSSM, Comput. Phys. Commun.183, 2458 (2012), arXiv:1104.1573 [hep-ph]

    2012 arXiv

  27. [35]

    Staub, SARAH, arXiv:0806.0538 [hep-ph]

    F. Staub, SARAH, arXiv:0806.0538 [hep-ph]

    arXiv

  28. [36]

    Staub, From Superpotential to Model Files for Fey- nArts and CalcHep/CompHep, Comput

    F. Staub, From Superpotential to Model Files for Fey- nArts and CalcHep/CompHep, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181, 1077 (2010), arXiv:0909.2863 [hep-ph]

    2010 arXiv

  29. [37]

    Staub, Automatic Calculation of supersymmet- ric Renormalization Group Equations and Self En- ergies, Comput

    F. Staub, Automatic Calculation of supersymmet- ric Renormalization Group Equations and Self En- ergies, Comput. Phys. Commun.182, 808 (2011), arXiv:1002.0840 [hep-ph]

    2011 arXiv

  30. [38]

    Staub, SARAH 3.2: Dirac Gauginos, UFO output, and more, Comput

    F. Staub, SARAH 3.2: Dirac Gauginos, UFO output, and more, Comput. Phys. Commun.184, 1792 (2013), arXiv:1207.0906 [hep-ph]

    2013 arXiv

  31. [39]

    Staub, SARAH 4: A tool for (not only SUSY) model builders, Comput

    F. Staub, SARAH 4: A tool for (not only SUSY) model builders, Comput. Phys. Commun.185, 1773 (2014), arXiv:1309.7223 [hep-ph]

    2014 arXiv

  32. [40]

    Bonilla, M

    C. Bonilla, M. E. Krauss, T. Opferkuch, and W. Porod, Perspectives for Detecting Lepton Flavour Violation in Left-Right Symmetric Models, JHEP03, 027, arXiv:1611.07025 [hep-ph]

    arXiv

  33. [41]

    Alwall, R

    J. Alwall, R. Frederix, S. Frixione, V. Hirschi, F. Maltoni, O. Mattelaer, H. S. Shao, T. Stelzer, P. Torrielli, and M. Zaro, The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations, JHEP07,...

    arXiv

  34. [42]

    Keung and G

    W.-Y. Keung and G. Senjanovic, Majorana Neutrinos and the Production of the Right-handed Charged Gauge Boson, Phys. Rev. Lett.50, 1427 (1983)

    1983

  35. [43]

    Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy Majorana neu- trinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at√s= 8 TeV, JHEP07, 162, arXiv:1506.06020 [hep-ex]

    G. Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy Majorana neu- trinos with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at√s= 8 TeV, JHEP07, 162, arXiv:1506.06020 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

  36. [44]

    M. Aaboudet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy Majorana or Dirac neutrinos and right-handedWgauge bosons in final states with two charged leptons and two jets at√s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, JHEP01, 016, arXiv:1809.11105 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

  37. [45]

    M. Aaboudet al.(ATLAS), Search for a right-handed gauge boson decaying into a high-momentum heavy neu- trino and a charged lepton inppcollisions with the AT- LAS detector at √s= 13 TeV, Phys. Lett. B798, 134942 (2019), arXiv:1904.12679 [hep-ex]

    2019 arXiv

  38. [46]

    A. M. Sirunyanet al.(CMS), Search for a heavy right- handed W boson and a heavy neutrino in events with two same-flavor leptons and two jets at √s= 13 TeV, JHEP 05, 148, arXiv:1803.11116 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

  39. [47]

    (For the same reason, we will refer to the new charged gauge boson of the LRSM asW ′ andW R interchangeably

    Notice that the SM contribution via as-channelWis here negligible, owing to the tiny mixing effects with the W ′, so we have neglected this altogether. (For the same reason, we will refer to the new charged gauge boson of the LRSM asW ′ andW R interchangeably

  40. [48]

    H. Ito, O. Jinnouchi, T. Moroi, N. Nagata, and H. Otono, Extending the LHC Reach for New Physics with Sub- Millimeter Displaced Vertices, Phys. Lett. B771, 568 (2017), arXiv:1702.08613 [hep-ph]

    2017 arXiv

  41. [49]

    Chatrchyanet al.(CMS), The Performance of the CMS Muon Detector in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC, JINST8, P11002, arXiv:1306.6905 [physics.ins-det]

    S. Chatrchyanet al.(CMS), The Performance of the CMS Muon Detector in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s = 7 TeV at the LHC, JINST8, P11002, arXiv:1306.6905 [physics.ins-det]

    arXiv

  42. [50]

    Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for high-mass dilepton resonances using 139 fb −1 ofppcollision data collected at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys

    G. Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for high-mass dilepton resonances using 139 fb −1 ofppcollision data collected at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Phys. Lett. B 796, 68 (2019), arXiv:1903.06248 [hep-ex]. 12

    2019 arXiv

  43. [51]

    Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy diboson res- onances in semileptonic final states in pp collisions at√s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Eur

    G. Aadet al.(ATLAS), Search for heavy diboson res- onances in semileptonic final states in pp collisions at√s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector, Eur. Phys. J. C 80, 1165 (2020), arXiv:2004.14636 [hep-ex]

    2020 arXiv

  44. [52]

    In fact, when theZ ′ width is large, interference effects could reduce the cross section, thus weakening the experimental limits [?]

    In general, when computing process (30), one should in- clude interference effects between theZ ′,Z, andγ. In fact, when theZ ′ width is large, interference effects could reduce the cross section, thus weakening the experimental limits [?]. However, in the parameter space regi...

  45. [53]

    Accomando, C

    E. Accomando, C. Corian´ o, L. Delle Rose, J. Fiaschi, C. Marzo, and S. Moretti,Z ′ , Higgses and heavy neutri- nos inU(1) ′ models: from the LHC to the GUT scale, JHEP07, 086, arXiv:1605.02910 [hep-ph]

    arXiv

  46. [54]

    Accomando, L

    E. Accomando, L. Delle Rose, S. Moretti, E. Olaiya, and C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous, Extra Higgs boson and Z ′ as portals to signatures of heavy neutrinos at the LHC, JHEP02, 109, arXiv:1708.03650 [hep-ph]

    arXiv

  47. [55]

    de Favereau, C

    J. de Favereau, C. Delaere, P. Demin, A. Giammanco, V. Lema ˆ ıtre, A. Mertens, and M. Selvaggi (DELPHES 3), DELPHES 3, A modular framework for fast simu- lation of a generic collider experiment, JHEP02, 057, arXiv:1307.6346 [hep-ex]

    arXiv

Pith tools

Reviewed July 30, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.